JP2021049360A - 生体用抗菌インプラント、ならびに関連する材料、装置及び方法 - Google Patents
生体用抗菌インプラント、ならびに関連する材料、装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021049360A JP2021049360A JP2020199903A JP2020199903A JP2021049360A JP 2021049360 A JP2021049360 A JP 2021049360A JP 2020199903 A JP2020199903 A JP 2020199903A JP 2020199903 A JP2020199903 A JP 2020199903A JP 2021049360 A JP2021049360 A JP 2021049360A
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- silicon nitride
- implant
- bioimplant
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- coating
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
- A61F2310/00592—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
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- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
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Abstract
Description
第1の実施例では、生体用インプラント材料が細菌のコロニー化を抑制する能力を試験した。この実験は、窒化ケイ素材料、生物医療グレード4のチタン及びPEEKを含んだ。Staphylococcus epidermidis、Staphylococcus aureus、Pseudomonas aeruginosa、Escherichia coli及びEnterococcusという4つの種類の細菌をこの実験に含めた。
この実験では、生体用インプラント材料が一般的な骨形成タンパク質を吸着する能力を試験した。実施例1と同様に、粗い窒化ケイ素、研磨した窒化ケイ素、医療グレードのチタン及びPEEKを試験した。試験したタンパク質は、フィブロネクチン、ビトロネクチン及びラミニンだった。酵素結合免疫吸着法(ELISA)を20分、1時間及び4時間行った。フィブロネクチンは正常ウサギ抗ウシフィブロネクチンと、ビトロネクチンは抗ビトロネクチンと、ラミニンは抗ラミニンと直接融合させた。表面に吸着した各タンパク質の量をABTS基質キットによって測定した。分光光度計の405nmでの吸光度をコンピュータソフトウェアによって解析した。ELISAは2回ずつ行い、各基材で3回繰り返した。
この実験では、Wistarラット頭蓋冠モデルを用いて、様々なインプラント材料のin vivoでの骨形成、炎症及び感染を調べた。この実験で、骨のこれらの材料への付着強度を考察した。この実験で、粗い窒化ケイ素、医療グレードのチタン及びPEEKを使用した。
この試験で、種々のインプラント材料の骨伝導性のin vitro評価を、SaOS−2細胞株を使用して試験した。この試験は、これらの材料上のSaOS−2細胞増殖を考察した。窒化ケイ素を充填したPEEK(すなわち、15%のα−Si3N4、β−Si3N4及びβ−SiYAION粉末を充填したPEEK)及びモノリシックなPEEK基材材料を、本試験で使用した。
この試験で、種々のインプラント材料の抗菌活性のin vitro評価を、staphylococcus epidermidisを使用して試験した。Staphylococcus epidermidis(S.epidermis)は、挿入の間、整形装置の高確率の汚染を誘導する、ヒト皮膚上にコロニーを形成する重要な日和見病原体である。S.Epidermidisによって生じる血管カテーテル関連の血流感染症に関連したコストは、米国だけで年間約20億ドルである。抗生物質による治療は、その免疫回避能力によって複雑化され、慢性疾患の高い危険性を伴う。
本発明は以下の態様を含む。
<1> 生体用インプラントの抗菌性を向上させる方法であって、
生体用インプラント(200)を提供することと、
前記生体用インプラント(200)に約10%〜約20%の粉末を充填することであって、前記粉末がβ−窒化ケイ素材料を含む、粉末を充填することと、を含む前記方法。
<2> マイクロマシニング、研削、研磨、レーザーエッチング、テクスチャー加工、サンドブラスト加工または他の研磨材によるブラスト加工、化学エッチング、熱エッチング及びプラズマエッチングのうちの少なくとも1つによって、前記生体用インプラントの抗菌性を改善するために、前記生体用インプラント(200)の少なくとも一部の表面粗さを、少なくとも約500nm Raの算術平均を有する粗さ特性まで増大させること、を更に含む、<1>に記載の方法。
<3> 前記窒化ケイ素材料が、β−Si 3 N 4 、β−SiYAION及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、<1>に記載の方法。
<4> 前記生体用インプラント(200)が椎骨間の脊椎インプラントを含む、<1>に記載の方法。
<5> 前記生体用インプラント(200)が、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)及びチタンのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、<1>に記載の方法。
<6> 前記生体用インプラント(200)が、PEEK及び15%のβ−Si 3 N 4 粉末を含む、<1>に記載の方法。
<7> 前記生体用インプラント(200)が、PEEK及び15%のβ−SiYAION粉末を含む、<1>に記載の方法。
<8> 前記生体用インプラント(200)に窒化ケイ素のコーティング(220)を塗布すること、を更に含む、<2>に記載の方法。
<9> 前記生体用インプラント(200)にコーティング(220)を塗布する前記工程の後、前記生体用インプラント(200)の少なくとも一部の表面粗さを増大させる工程を実行し、前記生体用インプラント(200)の少なくとも一部の表面粗さを増大させる前記工程が、少なくとも一部の前記コーティング(220)の表面粗さを増大させることを含む、<8>に記載の方法。
<10> 前記生体用インプラント(200)の少なくとも一部の表面粗さを増大させる前記工程が、少なくとも約1,250nm Raの算術平均を有する粗さ特性まで増大させることを含む、<2>に記載の方法。
<11> 前記生体用インプラント(200)の少なくとも一部の表面粗さを増大させる前記工程が、約2,000nm Raと約5,000nm Raの間の算術平均を有する粗さ特性まで増大させることを含む、<2>に記載の方法。
<12> ポリマーまたは金属基材材料と、
約10%〜約20%の粉末であって、前記粉末がβ−窒化ケイ素材料を含む、粉末と、を含む、改善した抗菌性を有する生体用インプラント(200/300)。
<13> 前記生体用インプラント(200)の少なくとも一部が、マイクロマシニング、研削、研磨、レーザーエッチング、テクスチャー加工、サンドブラスト加工または他の研磨材によるブラスト加工、化学エッチング、熱エッチング及びプラズマエッチングのうちの少なくとも1つによって作成した、少なくとも約500nm Raの算術平均を有する増大した表面粗さ特性を有する、<12>に記載の生体用インプラント(200)。
<14> 前記窒化ケイ素材料が、β−Si 3 N 4 、β−SiYAION及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、<12>に記載の生体用インプラント(200)。
<15> 前記基材材料が、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)及びチタンのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、<12>に記載の生体用インプラント(200)。
<16> 前記生体用インプラント(200)が、PEEK及び15%のβ−Si 3 N 4 粉末を含む、<12>に記載の生体用インプラント(200)。
<17> 前記生体用インプラント(200)が、PEEK及び15%のβ−SiYAION粉末を含む、<12>に記載の生体用インプラント(200)。
<18> 前記生体用インプラント(200)が、椎骨間の脊髄インプラント(100)、股関節インプラント(300)または骨用ネジから選択される、<12>に記載の生体用インプラント(200)。
<19> 前記生体用インプラント(300)が、股関節インプラント(300)の大腿骨ステム(330)上の窒化ケイ素コーティング(320)を有する股関節インプラント(300)を含む、<12>に記載の生体用インプラント。
<20> 前記生体用インプラント(200)上の窒化ケイ素コーティング(220)を更に含む、<12>に記載の生体用インプラント。
Claims (20)
- 生体用インプラントの抗菌性を向上させる方法であって、
生体用インプラント(200)を提供することと、
前記生体用インプラント(200)に約10%〜約20%の粉末を充填することであって、前記粉末がβ−窒化ケイ素材料を含む、粉末を充填することと、を含む前記方法。 - マイクロマシニング、研削、研磨、レーザーエッチング、テクスチャー加工、サンドブラスト加工または他の研磨材によるブラスト加工、化学エッチング、熱エッチング及びプラズマエッチングのうちの少なくとも1つによって、前記生体用インプラントの抗菌性を改善するために、前記生体用インプラント(200)の少なくとも一部の表面粗さを、少なくとも約500nm Raの算術平均を有する粗さ特性まで増大させること、を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記窒化ケイ素材料が、β−Si3N4、β−SiYAION及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生体用インプラント(200)が椎骨間の脊椎インプラントを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生体用インプラント(200)が、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)及びチタンのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生体用インプラント(200)が、PEEK及び15%のβ−Si3N4粉末を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生体用インプラント(200)が、PEEK及び15%のβ−SiYAION粉末を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生体用インプラント(200)に窒化ケイ素のコーティング(220)を塗布すること、を更に含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記生体用インプラント(200)にコーティング(220)を塗布する前記工程の後、前記生体用インプラント(200)の少なくとも一部の表面粗さを増大させる工程を実行し、前記生体用インプラント(200)の少なくとも一部の表面粗さを増大させる前記工程が、少なくとも一部の前記コーティング(220)の表面粗さを増大させることを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記生体用インプラント(200)の少なくとも一部の表面粗さを増大させる前記工程が、少なくとも約1,250nm Raの算術平均を有する粗さ特性まで増大させることを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記生体用インプラント(200)の少なくとも一部の表面粗さを増大させる前記工程が、約2,000nm Raと約5,000nm Raの間の算術平均を有する粗さ特性まで増大させることを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- ポリマーまたは金属基材材料と、
約10%〜約20%の粉末であって、前記粉末がβ−窒化ケイ素材料を含む、粉末と、を含む、改善した抗菌性を有する生体用インプラント(200/300)。 - 前記生体用インプラント(200)の少なくとも一部が、マイクロマシニング、研削、研磨、レーザーエッチング、テクスチャー加工、サンドブラスト加工または他の研磨材によるブラスト加工、化学エッチング、熱エッチング及びプラズマエッチングのうちの少なくとも1つによって作成した、少なくとも約500nm Raの算術平均を有する増大した表面粗さ特性を有する、請求項12に記載の生体用インプラント(200)。
- 前記窒化ケイ素材料が、β−Si3N4、β−SiYAION及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の生体用インプラント(200)。
- 前記基材材料が、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)及びチタンのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項12に記載の生体用インプラント(200)。
- 前記生体用インプラント(200)が、PEEK及び15%のβ−Si3N4粉末を含む、請求項12に記載の生体用インプラント(200)。
- 前記生体用インプラント(200)が、PEEK及び15%のβ−SiYAION粉末を含む、請求項12に記載の生体用インプラント(200)。
- 前記生体用インプラント(200)が、椎骨間の脊髄インプラント(100)、股関節インプラント(300)または骨用ネジから選択される、請求項12に記載の生体用インプラント(200)。
- 前記生体用インプラント(300)が、股関節インプラント(300)の大腿骨ステム(330)上の窒化ケイ素コーティング(320)を有する股関節インプラント(300)を含む、請求項12に記載の生体用インプラント。
- 前記生体用インプラント(200)上の窒化ケイ素コーティング(220)を更に含む、請求項12に記載の生体用インプラント。
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