JP2021023874A - 金属担持触媒、電池電極及び電池 - Google Patents
金属担持触媒、電池電極及び電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021023874A JP2021023874A JP2019143406A JP2019143406A JP2021023874A JP 2021023874 A JP2021023874 A JP 2021023874A JP 2019143406 A JP2019143406 A JP 2019143406A JP 2019143406 A JP2019143406 A JP 2019143406A JP 2021023874 A JP2021023874 A JP 2021023874A
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- Prior art keywords
- metal
- catalyst
- peak
- nitrogen atom
- ratio
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- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2] LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000923 precious metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000851 scanning transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004736 wide-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
1.0gのポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)と、1.0gの2−メチルイミダゾールと、6.0gの塩化亜鉛(ZnCl2)と、0.18gの塩化鉄(III)六水和物(FeCl3・6H2O)と、30gのジメチルホルムアミドとを混合した。得られた混合物から乾燥により溶媒を除去した。乾燥した混合物を大気中で加熱して、250℃で不融化を行った。
[炭素担体C]
[炭素担体KB]
[炭素担体V]
[例1]
[例2]
[例3]
[例4]
[例5]
[例6]
[例7]
[例C1]
[例C2]
[例C3]
[例C4]
[例C5]
[例C6]
[誘導結合プラズマ質量分析(ICP−MS)]
[燃焼法による元素分析(CHN)]
[X線光電子分光法(XPS)]
[比表面積、細孔容積]
[粉末X線回折(XRD)]
[粒径5.0nm以下の触媒金属粒子の割合(TEM観察)]
[触媒金属粒子径の標準偏差]
[金属担持触媒の平均粒子径(μm)]
[最表面の触媒金属粒子の割合]
[ラマン分光法]
[昇温脱離法]
[有効白金触媒表面積(ECSA)]
[非白金活性点のPt相当量]
[初期性能及び耐久性]
[結果]
図9A、図9B及び図9Cには、各例の金属担持触媒の特性を評価した結果を示す図9Aに示すように、例1〜例7の金属担持触媒を用いたMEAの初期性能及び耐久性は、例C1〜例C6のそれらより優れていた。例えば、例1〜例7の金属担持触媒を用いたMEAの電流密度0.2A/cm2での電圧は、例C4及び例C5のそれより顕著に大きかった。また、例1〜例7の金属担持触媒を用いたMEAの最大出力密度は、例C1、例C2、例C4及び例C5のそれより顕著に大きかった。また、例1〜例7の金属担持触媒を用いたMEAの耐久性は、例C1〜例C6のそれより顕著に高かった。
Claims (14)
- 炭素担体と、前記炭素担体に担持された触媒金属粒子とを含み、
X線光電子分光法で得られる光電子スペクトルにおいて、下記(1)〜(6)の窒素原子のピーク:
(1)結合エネルギー398.6±0.2eVの範囲内にピークトップを有する第一の窒素原子のピーク;、
(2)結合エネルギー399.5±0.3eVの範囲内にピークトップを有する第二の窒素原子のピーク;、
(3)結合エネルギー400.5±0.2eVの範囲内にピークトップを有する第三の窒素原子のピーク;、
(4)結合エネルギー401.3±0.3eVの範囲内にピークトップを有する第四の窒素原子のピーク;、
(5)結合エネルギー403.4±0.4eVの範囲内にピークトップを有する第五の窒素原子のピーク;及び
(6)結合エネルギー404.5±0.5eVの範囲内にピークトップを有する第六の窒素原子のピーク;
に分離される、窒素原子の1s軌道に由来するピークを示し、
X線光電子分光法で測定される、前記(1)〜(6)の窒素原子のピーク面積の合計に対する、前記第二の窒素原子のピーク面積の比が0.03以上であり、
X線光電子分光法で測定される、炭素原子濃度に対する、前記第二の窒素原子濃度の比が0.0005以上である、
金属担持触媒。 - X線光電子分光法で測定される、炭素原子濃度に対する、前記第一の窒素原子濃度と前記第三の窒素原子濃度と前記第四の窒素原子濃度との合計の比が0.004以上である、
請求項1に記載の金属担持触媒。 - 前記第一の窒素原子のピーク面積に対する、前記第二の窒素原子のピーク面積の比が0.12以上である、
請求項1又は2に記載の金属担持触媒。 - 前記(1)〜(6)の窒素原子のピーク面積の合計に対する、前記第一の窒素原子のピーク面積の比が0.48以下である、
請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の金属担持触媒。 - 前記(1)〜(6)の窒素原子のピーク面積の合計に対する、前記第四の窒素原子のピーク面積の比が0.15以上である、
請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の金属担持触媒。 - CuKα線による粉末X線回折図形における回折角2θが40°付近の回折線を分離することで得られる1以上の回折ピークの回折角及び半値全幅を用いてシェラーの式により算出される前記触媒金属粒子の平均結晶子径が5.40nm以下である、
請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の金属担持触媒。 - 前記触媒金属粒子は、白金粒子であり、
前記金属担持触媒を含む回転ディスク電極を用いたサイクリックボルタンメトリーにおいて測定される水素吸着電気量を、白金に対する水素吸着の理論的な面積換算電気量及び前記金属担持触媒に担持された白金の重量で除して得られる電気化学的表面積(H2−ECSA)が20.0m2/g−白金以上であり、
前記金属担持触媒を含む回転ディスク電極を用いたストリッピングボルタンメトリーにおいて測定される一酸化炭素吸着電気量を、白金に対する一酸化炭素吸着の理論的な面積換算電気量及び前記金属担持触媒に担持された白金の重量で除して得られる電気化学的表面積(CO−ECSA)が20.0m2/g−白金以上である、
請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の金属担持触媒。 - ラマン分光法により得られるラマンスペクトルにおいて、1360cm−1付近にピークトップを有するDバンドの半値幅160cm−1以下を示す炭素構造を含む、請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の金属担持触媒。
- ラマン分光法により得られるラマンスペクトルにおいて、1600cm−1付近にピークトップを有するGバンドの半値幅80cm−1以下を示す炭素構造を含む、請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の金属担持触媒。
- ラマン分光法により得られるラマンスペクトルにおいて、1600cm−1付近にピークトップを有するGバンドの強度に対する、前記Gバンドと1360cm−1付近にピークトップを有するDバンドとの間の最小強度の比0.25以上、0.40以下を示す炭素構造を含む、請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の金属担持触媒。
- 昇温脱離法において、前記炭素担体の単位重量あたり、600℃から1000℃までの窒素脱離量1.20×10−5(mol/g−担体)以上を示す炭素構造を含む、請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の金属担持触媒。
- 昇温脱離法において、前記炭素担体の単位重量あたり、800℃から1000℃までの窒素脱離量0.75×10−5(mol/g−担体)以上を示す炭素構造を含む、請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載の金属担持触媒。
- 請求項1乃至12のいずれかに記載の金属担持触媒を含む、電池電極。
- 請求項13に記載の電池電極を含む、電池。
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