JP2020535262A - 押出しポリアミド発泡体を製造するための方法 - Google Patents
押出しポリアミド発泡体を製造するための方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2020535262A JP2020535262A JP2020517319A JP2020517319A JP2020535262A JP 2020535262 A JP2020535262 A JP 2020535262A JP 2020517319 A JP2020517319 A JP 2020517319A JP 2020517319 A JP2020517319 A JP 2020517319A JP 2020535262 A JP2020535262 A JP 2020535262A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polyamide
- foam composition
- weight
- extruder
- polyamide foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 14
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 12
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical group O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- BZQKBFHEWDPQHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-[2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl)ethyl]benzene Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1CCC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br BZQKBFHEWDPQHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRFSXVIRXMYULF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydroquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CCNC2=C1 IRFSXVIRXMYULF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003317 Fusabond® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- WHHGLZMJPXIBIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N decabromodiphenyl ether Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1OC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br WHHGLZMJPXIBIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004620 low density foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006124 polyolefin elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
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- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
- B29B7/603—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material in measured doses, e.g. proportioning of several materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29B7/7404—Mixing devices specially adapted for foamable substances
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- B29B7/7476—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/41—Intermeshing counter-rotating screws
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
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- B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
- B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2201/026—Crosslinking before of after foaming
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2203/08—Supercritical fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2400/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2400/10—Polymers characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2451/00—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
Description
本発明のポリアミド発泡体組成物は、本明細書で述べる望ましい発泡体構造を促進するある特定の添加剤が配合されたポリアミド樹脂から形成される。一般的に、配合ポリアミド樹脂は、ポリアミドベース樹脂、エポキシ鎖延長剤と無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン(MAPP)ワックスとを含む複合鎖延長剤、及び他の添加剤を含む。
ポリアミドベース樹脂は、樹脂単体(bulk resin)、又は最終的な発泡された組成物の主成分であり、例えば、カプロラクタムモノマーから形成されるPA6ポリマー、ヘキサメチレンジアミン及びアジピン酸のモノマーから形成されるPA66ポリマー、又はPA6/66コポリマーの形態であってよい。他の種類のポリアミドポリマー、さらには異なる種類のポリアミドポリマーの組み合わせも用いられてよい。
ポリアミドベース樹脂は、複合鎖延長剤と配合され、それは、以下で述べるように、エポキシ鎖延長剤と無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン(MAPP)ワックスとの組み合わせである。
いくつかの例示的な実施形態では、ポリアミド発泡体組成物は、追加の添加剤を含有する。例示的な添加剤としては、酸化防止剤、核剤、顔料、難燃剤、静電気防止剤、紫外線(UV)安定化剤、並びに熱安定化剤及び可撓性付与剤などの適切な他の添加剤が挙げられ得る。潤滑剤及び耐摩耗性添加剤も、所望に応じて添加されてよい。
ポリアミド発泡体組成物を製造する方法が、本明細書において開示される。例示的な方法は、一般的に、ベースポリアミド樹脂に上記で考察した追加成分が配合される配合工程、及び配合ポリアミド組成物が発泡剤と共に押出されてポリアミド発泡体を形成する押出し発泡工程、を含む。
ポリアミド発泡体組成物は、配合押出機110を含む図1に示される配合装置100によって製造される。配合押出機110は、例えば、同方向回転二軸押出機又は異方向回転噛み合い型二軸押出機であってよく、反応押出しを実行するために用いられ、より高い生産性、よりシンプルなデザインを有し、バッチ反応器を用いるよりも生産性が高い。
上記で述べた配合工程の後、配合ポリアミドは、図2に示される発泡押出機150によって押出され、ポリアミド発泡体組成物が形成される。1つの実施形態では、発泡押出機150は、一軸押出機であってよく、1又は複数の静的混合器152を備えていてよい。静的混合器152は、発泡押出機150内の溶融ポリアミド材料中に発泡剤を確実に完全に溶解させるための特異的構造を有する。1つの実施形態では、発泡剤は、炭化水素及びクロロフルオロカーボンと比較して環境にやさしく、安価で、不燃性の超臨界二酸化炭素(CO2)である。しかし、代替の発泡剤が用いられてよいことは、本開示の範囲内である。
上記で述べたように合成されたポリアミド発泡体組成物は、改善された外見、低い密度、及び小さい気泡サイズを呈する。
実施例I
ポリアミド複合物材料のせん断粘度に対する鎖延長剤の効果
この実施例のサンプルのせん断粘度は、パラレルプレートレオメーターによって特定した。この実施例で用いたポリアミド6(PA6)樹脂(例:AdvanSix Resins & Chemicals LLC製のH95ZITは、3.3の相対粘度(RV)を有していた。用いたエポキシ鎖延長剤は、Ningbo Seven New Material Technology Co.,LTD.から入手したCE311であった。用いた第一の無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン(MAPP)ワックスは、けん化価が50mgKOH/gであるHoneywell製のA−C(登録商標)950であった。第二の無水マレイン酸官能化ポリプロピレン(MAFP)、Arkemaから販売されるグラフト率1.1%のOrevac(登録商標)CA100も用いた。最後に、第三の無水マレイン酸変性エチレン−オクテンエラストマー(MA−EO)を、この実施例内のある特定のサンプルに用いた。この実施例では、DuPont製のFusabond(登録商標)N493を無水マレイン酸変性エチレン−オクテンエラストマーとして用い、これは、酸変性率0.5%を有する。サンプルA〜Gの組成データを、以下の表1に示す。
ポリアミド複合物材料の溶融安定性に対する鎖延長剤及び配合プロセスの効果
この実施例におけるサンプルH、I、D、J、K、及びLに対する成分を、以下の表2に列挙する。表2に列挙される成分は、けん化価が87mgKOH/gである無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレンワックス(すなわち、Honeywell製のA−C(登録商標)925P)を意味するMAPPワックスII以外は、表1に列挙される成分と同じである。
異なる粘度を有するポリアミド複合物の形成挙動実験
以下の表3は、試験サンプルの組成及びせん断粘度を示し、表4は、サンプルの発泡結果を示す。表3に示されるように、試験した最も高い粘度は、140000Pa・sであり、試験した最も低い粘度は、20000Pa・sであった。表3に列挙した成分は、該当する場合、上記表1及び2の成分に対応している。したがって、本明細書においてさらに考察される押出し発泡試験では、PA6/66コポリマー(PA6,66樹脂)を用いて実験する。用いたPA6,66樹脂は、PA66含有量約23重量%、相対粘度3.7、及び融点190℃のH133(Honeywell Shanghai Lab製)である。
実施例1及び3の発泡条件を、以下の表5に列挙するが、T1〜T6は、図2の発泡押出機150の位置を意味する。
実施例2の発泡手順(以下に示す)は、実施例1及び実施例3の手順と同様であったが、金型温度(T6)だけが異なり、実施例1及び実施例3の場合の255℃ではなく240℃であった。
表3に示されるように、実施例6及び7の粘度は、比較的低い。以下の表7に示されるように、スタティックミキサー(T5)及び金型(T6)の温度は、上記で考察した実施例1、2、及び3と比較して低下されている。
実施例8及び実施例9は、異なるポリアミド樹脂から構成されている。実施例8及び9は、低い溶融強度も有していた。さらに、実施例8及び9における加工温度は、上記で考察した実施例と比較して比較的低い、樹脂の融点近くに設定した。実施例8及び実施例9の発泡条件を以下に示す。
実施例4の発泡押出機150(図2)での発泡条件を以下の表に示す。
上記の知見に基づいて、発泡装置を、追加のスタティックミキサーを1つ加えることによって更新し、押出機中でのポリアミド材料の滞留時間を、15分から20分へ延長した。実施例5の発泡条件は、実施例4の条件と同様であるが、但し、気体の注入速度が異なり、実施例4で用いた1.1g/分の代わりに2.2g/分である。発泡プロセス全体は、連続的であり安定である。
Claims (15)
- ポリアミド樹脂、及び
エポキシ鎖延長剤と無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン(MAPP)ワックスとを含む複合鎖延長剤、
を含む、ポリアミド発泡体組成物。 - 前記ポリアミド樹脂が、前記ポリアミド発泡体組成物の総重量に対して、92重量%〜98重量%の量で存在する、請求項1に記載のポリアミド発泡体組成物。
- 前記エポキシ鎖延長剤が、前記ポリアミド発泡体組成物の総重量に対して、1重量%〜3重量%の量で存在する、請求項2に記載のポリアミド発泡体組成物。
- 前記MAPPワックスが、前記ポリアミド発泡体組成物の総重量に対して、1重量%〜5重量%の量で存在する、請求項3に記載のポリアミド発泡体組成物。
- 前記ポリアミド発泡体組成物が、50μm〜700μmの平均気泡サイズを有する、請求項1に記載のポリアミド発泡体組成物。
- 前記ポリアミド発泡体組成物が、10000Pa・s〜150000Pa・sのせん断粘度を有する、請求項1に記載のポリアミド発泡体組成物。
- 前記ポリアミド発泡体組成物の密度が、0.1g/cm3〜1.0g/cm3である、請求項1に記載のポリアミド発泡体組成物。
- さらに、酸化防止剤、核剤、顔料、難燃剤、静電気防止剤、及び紫外線(UV)安定化剤から選択される少なくとも1つの添加剤を含む、請求項1に記載のポリアミド発泡体組成物。
- 配合工程であって、
ポリアミド樹脂及び無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレン(MAPP)ワックスを、第一の位置で押出機に供給すること、及び
エポキシ鎖延長剤を、前記第一の位置から下流側にある第二の位置で前記押出機に供給して、配合ポリアミドを形成すること、
を含む、配合工程と、
前記配合ポリアミドを、発泡剤と共に押出機中で押出して、ポリアミド発泡体を形成する押出し発泡工程と、
を含む、ポリアミド発泡体組成物を製造する方法。 - 前記配合工程が、前記供給工程後に、
前記配合ポリアミドを冷却すること、
前記配合ポリアミドを乾燥すること、及び
前記配合ポリアミドをペレット化すること、
の追加の工程をさらに含む、請求項9に記載の方法。 - 前記配合工程が、同方向回転二軸押出機、異方向回転噛み合い型二軸押出機、及び一軸押出機のうちの1つを用いて行われる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記押出し工程が、
前記配合ポリアミドを、第一の位置で前記押出機に供給すること、
物理的発泡剤を、前記第一の位置から下流側にある第二の位置で前記押出機中の前記配合ポリアミドに添加すること、
前記配合ポリアミドと前記発泡剤とを、スタティックミキサー中で混合すること、及び
前記配合ポリアミドと前記発泡剤とを、金型を通して移送して、前記ポリアミド発泡体組成物を形成すること、
の追加の工程をさらに含む、請求項9に記載の方法。 - 前記発泡剤が、超臨界二酸化炭素である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリアミド発泡体組成物が、前記ポリアミド発泡体組成物の総重量に対して、
92重量%〜98重量%の量のポリアミド樹脂、
1重量%〜3重量%の量のエポキシ鎖延長剤、及び
1重量%〜5重量%の量のMAPPワックス、
を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。 - 前記ポリアミド発泡体組成物が、以下の特性、
50μm〜700μmの平均気泡サイズ、
10000Pa・s〜150000Pa・sのせん断粘度、及び
0.1g/cm3〜1.0g/cm3の密度、
のうちの少なくとも1つを有する、請求項9に記載の方法。
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