JP2020520961A - がん免疫療法のための組成物及び方法 - Google Patents
がん免疫療法のための組成物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本明細書と共に提供される核酸配列は、米国特許法規則1.822に定義されているヌクレオチド塩基に関する標準的な文字略語を用いて示される。各核酸配列の一方の鎖のみが示されるが、表示された鎖への任意の参照により、相補鎖が含まれることが理解される。配列表は、2018年5月23日に作成された、2142 10 2 seq list_ST25という名称の約6KBのASCIIテキストファイルとして提出され、これは参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。添付の配列表において、
配列番号1は、KRAS G12Dを標的化するsiRNAのセンス鎖である。
I.用語
別段の説明がない限り、本明細書で用いられる全ての技術及び科学用語は、本開示が属する当業者によって通常理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。単数形の用語「1つの(a)」、「1つの(an)」及び「その(the)」は、文脈が明確にそうではないことを指示していない限り、複数のものを含む。同様に、単語「又は」は、文脈が明確にそうではないことを指示していない限り、「及び」を含むことが意図されている。用語「含む(comprises)」は「含む(includes)」を意味する。略語「e.g.」は、ラテン語のexempli gratiaに由来し、本明細書では非限定例を示すのに用いられる。したがって、略語「e.g.」は用語「例えば(for example)」と同義である。矛盾する場合は、用語の説明を含む本明細書が優先する。加えて、全ての材料、方法、及び例は、例証的なものであって、限定することは意図されていない。
対象の固形腫瘍を免疫療法処置に対して馴化させることに使用するための組成物が、本明細書で提供される。記載された組成物は、固形腫瘍及び/又は周囲の微小環境へ送達されると固形腫瘍を免疫療法処置に対して馴化させる化学治療剤を含む高分子薬物送達装置を含む。
生分解性高分子送達装置を含む高分子送達装置を介して固形腫瘍に送達される化学治療剤が、腫瘍、具体的には腫瘍微小環境の物理的変化を誘導し得るという観察が本明細書に記載される。本明細書に記載されるそのような変化は、腫瘍及び/又は腫瘍微小環境を「馴化させる」とも称される。これらの変化は、例えばShemiら、2015年に記載されているような間隙流体圧(IFP)及び「空隙容積」(細胞によって占められていない容積)の変化、サイトカイン及びケモカインレベルの変化、並びに新生抗原提示を含む生物学的応答を含むが、これらに限定されない。腫瘍微小環境のそのような変化は、腫瘍及び腫瘍微小環境を特異的及び非特異的免疫系薬剤(例えば、CD8T細胞、NKT細胞、サイトカイン等)による浸潤に対して開放することとして本明細書に記載される。これらの観察は、そのような組成物による化学治療剤のそのような送達が、固形腫瘍を免疫療法処置に対して馴化させ得ることを示す。
siG12D−LODERは、変異型KRASに対して標的化されているsiRNAを含有するミリメートル規模の高分子薬剤である。siG12D−LODERは、超音波ガイド下内視鏡法によって腫瘍に挿入(注射ではない)され、siRNAを少なくとも4か月間継続して放出する。変異型KRASは膵臓がん患者集団の90%超に著しく影響しているが、今までのところ、KRASは、古典的な小分子手法を用いては「新薬の開発に繋がらない」標的と考えられている。siG12D−LODERは、前臨床動物モデル、標準的な動物毒性学プロトコル、及び第1/2a相臨床研究において研究されている(それぞれ、Zorde−Khvalevsky 2013年、及びShemi 2015年;Ramot 2016年;Golan 2015年)。前臨床モデルにおいて、本発明者らはKRAS−G12Dの特異的なサイレンシングと細胞のアポトーシス及び壊死との相関関係を観察した。これらの効果は数か月間続く。
特異的な遺伝子サイレンシング及び/又は翻訳停止薬(unlocked nucleobase analog)に加えて、アンチセンス、マイクロRNA、dsRNA及びsiRNAを含むオリゴヌクレオチドもまた、非特異的な免疫賦活性を惹起することができる。実際、前臨床研究では、siG12Dトランスフェクション(in vitro)及びsiG12D−LODER(in vivo)は、IFNα、IFNβ、及びTNFを含む腫瘍抑制サイトカインのレベルを上げた。
実施例1は、siG12D−LODERが腫瘍壊死及び空隙容積をどのように増加させるかを記載している。本実施例は、siG12D−LODERのこの効果はまた、同系同所性膵臓がんモデルにおいて腫瘍内へのT細胞の浸潤及び分布を高めることを実証する。したがって、本実施例は、siRNA送達LODERは固形腫瘍の免疫療法を改良できる(すなわち、固形腫瘍の免疫療法の効力を高めることができる)ことを示す。
本実施例は、同系皮下腫瘍モデルにおける、腫瘍内へのT細胞の浸潤及び分布に対するsiG12D−LODERの効果を実証する。
本実施例は、マルチチャンバー細胞遊走モデルにおいて、腫瘍培養へのT細胞及びNK細胞の遊走に対するsiG12Dの影響を実証する。
本実施例は、免疫療法をsiG12D−LODERの超音波ガイド下内視鏡投与と組み合わせることの効果を示す。
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2017年5月24日に提出された米国特許仮出願第62/510,281号に対する利益が主張され、その内容は、全体が参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
Claims (18)
- 対象の固形腫瘍を免疫療法処置に対して馴化させることに使用するための組成物であって、
化学治療剤を含む高分子薬物送達装置
を含み、
化学治療剤の対象への送達が、固形腫瘍を免疫療法処置に対して馴化させる、組成物。 - 高分子薬物送達装置が、凍結保護剤を含む添加剤含有又は非含有の、ポリ(グリコリド−co−ラクチド)(PLGA)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、及びポリカプロラクトン(PCL)からなる群から選択されるポリマーを含む生体適合性高分子マトリックスを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 化学治療剤が、核酸、ペプチド、小分子、抗体若しくはその断片、又はそれらの組合せである、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 核酸が、一本鎖RNA又は二本鎖RNA干渉(RNAi)剤を含む、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- RNAi剤が、KRAS siG12Dである、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 高分子薬物送達装置が、75〜90%のPLGA(85:15)、5〜15%のマンニトール、及び0.1〜0.5%の重炭酸ナトリウムを含むLODERである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 免疫療法組成物を更に含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 免疫療法組成物が、PD−1阻害薬、PD−L1阻害薬、及びCTLA−4阻害薬からなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- PD−1阻害薬が、ペムブロリズマブ(キイトルーダ)、若しくはニボルマブ(オプジーボ)、又はそれらのバイオシミラーであり、PD−L1阻害薬が、アテゾリズマブ(テセントリク)、アベルマブ(バベンチオ)、若しくはデュルバルマブ(イミフィンジ)、又はそれらのバイオシミラーであり、CTLA−4阻害薬が、イピリムマブ(ヤーボイ)、又はそのバイオシミラーである、請求項8に記載の組成物。
- 化学治療剤を含む高分子薬物送達装置、及び
免疫療法組成物
を含む、固形腫瘍の処置のための組成物。 - 高分子薬物送達装置が、凍結保護剤を含む添加剤含有又は非含有の、ポリ(グリコリド−co−ラクチド)(PLGA)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、及びポリカプロラクトン(PCL))からなる群から選択されるポリマーを含む生体適合性高分子マトリックスを含む、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 化学治療剤が、核酸、ペプチド、小分子、抗体若しくはその断片、又はそれらの組合せである、請求項10又は11に記載の組成物。
- 核酸が、一本鎖RNA又は二本鎖RNA干渉(RNAi)剤を含む、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- RNAi剤が、KRAS siG12Dである、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 高分子薬物送達装置が、75〜90%のPLGA(85:15)、5〜15%のマンニトール、及び0.1〜0.5%の重炭酸ナトリウムを含むLODERである、請求項10〜14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 固形腫瘍が膵臓腫瘍である、請求項11〜15のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 免疫療法組成物が、PD−1阻害薬、PD−L1阻害薬、及びCTLA−4阻害薬のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項11〜16のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- PD−1阻害薬が、ペムブロリズマブ(キイトルーダ)、若しくはニボルマブ(オプジーボ)、又はそれらのバイオシミラーであり、PD−L1阻害薬が、アテゾリズマブ(テセントリク)、アベルマブ(バベンチオ)、若しくはデュルバルマブ(イミフィンジ)、又はそれらのバイオシミラーであり、CTLA−4阻害薬が、イピリムマブ(ヤーボイ)、又はそのバイオシミラーである、請求項17に記載の組成物。
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