JP2020510633A - 過敏性腸症候群の治療に用いられる8−フェニルイソキノリンおよびその医薬組成物 - Google Patents
過敏性腸症候群の治療に用いられる8−フェニルイソキノリンおよびその医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
試験には、国立台湾大学のアニマルセンターから得た、特定の病原体がいない(SPF)C57BL/6マウス(4〜6週齢)を用いた。動物は温度管理された室内(20±2℃)で、12時間の明暗サイクルで飼育し、通常の固形飼料と水を自由に与えた。実験手順はすべて、国立台湾大学の動物実験委員会の承認を得た。
以下に示す手順で、新規8−フェニルイソキノリン誘導体を調製した。SB−269970塩酸塩(SB7)(5−HT7Rアンタゴニスト、Sigma #S7389)、アロセトロン塩酸塩(ALN)(5−HT3Rアンタゴニスト、Sigma #SML0346)、およびロペラミド塩酸塩(LPM)(μ−オピオイド受容体アゴニスト、Sigma #L4762)を、腹腔内(i.p.)または経口(p.o.)でマウスに単回または複数回投与し、腸管痛の分析を行った。
(1)ジアルジア感染後に水回避ストレスを組み合わせた二重負荷
感染後に水回避ストレスを組み合わせた二重負荷、および炎症後からなる、内臓過敏症を示したIBSの動物モデル2種を試験に用いた。最初のモデルでは、ジアルジア感染後と水回避ストレスの二重トリガーを受ける群(GW)、および非感染で無ストレスの正常対照として、同時飼育で生理食塩水を与え、処置なしの群(PN)の2群にマウスを分けた。菌ランブル鞭毛虫の無菌培養栄養型(GS/M株、ATCC 50581)をin vitroで培養し、Singerら(非特許文献56)およびDavidsら(非特許文献57)に記載のlog期に回収した。マウスに、0.2mLの滅菌リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)に懸濁した107ジアルジア栄養型、または同時飼育で同量のPBSを経口強制飼養した。4〜7日後に、小腸内の運動性栄養型を計数したのち、コールドショックプロトコル(非特許文献58および非特許文献59で開示)でジアルジア感染の状態を確認した。感染6週間後、小腸で栄養型が検出されなくなった時点で(後排除期)、マウスに長期にわたる心理的ストレスを与えた。WASの手順で、常温水を3cm(水深)入れた容器(56×50cm)の中央にある台(3×6cm)の上にマウスを置いた。マウスを1時間台の上に置いて、身体的危害を加えずに、心理的ストレスとして水浸を回避させた。この1時間のストレスセッションを10日間連続で実施し、長期にわたってくり返されるストレスを模倣し、また概日リズムの影響を最小限に抑えるために、9:00から12:00の間に実施した。非感染で無ストレスの未処置マウスは、正常対照としてそのままケージで飼育した。ストレスセッションの最終日に、マウスの腸管痛を測定した。
第2のモデルでは、0.2mLの50%エタノール(米国ミズーリ州セントルイス、Sigma−Aldrich)中の10%2,4,6−トリニトロベンゼンスルホン酸(TNBS)を22ゲージの給餌針で結腸内投与し、腸炎を誘発した。シャム対照には同量のPBSを投与した。TNBS投与後、さまざまな時点で腸炎パラメーターおよび疼痛レベルを測定した。
腹痛は、わずかな変更を加えた前述の方法(非特許文献60;非特許文献61)に続いて、マウスの結腸直腸の膨張(CRD)に対する内臓運動反応(VMR)によって測定した。すなわち、テフロンコーティングのステンレススチール製ワイヤー(ワシントン州カールスボーグ、A−M systems)から作成した電極を、VMR実験の少なくとも15日前にマウスの外腹斜筋に装着した。電極は首の後ろの外側に出した。マウスは3日間連続で毎日30分間プレキシガラスシリンダーに入れて慣れさせてから、VMR試験を行った。シリンダーは、CRD試験の際に覚醒下マウスを部分的に拘束するために用いた。記録のために、電極を筋電図取得システム(オーストラリア、ニューサウスウェールズ州、AD instruments)に接続した。バルーンカテーテルを肛門から挿入して肛門の近位1.5cmで止め、膨らませて結腸を膨張させた。3秒間の静止間隔で10秒間の膨張(15、40、および65mmHg)を4回行った。筋電図(EMG)活動は、P511 AC増幅器(米国カリフォルニア州、Grass instruments)に接続したトランスデューサー(AD instruments)、およびChart 5ソフトウェアを備えたPowerlab装置(AD instruments)を用いて増幅した。EMG活動は整流し、CRD対ベースライン期間におけるEMG振幅の曲線下面積(AUC)の増加として反応を記録した。
腸組織を4%パラホルムアルデヒド(PFA)で固定し、陰窩−絨毛軸が適切な方向になるようにパラフィンワックスに包埋したのち、薄切した。厚さ5μmの切片をキシレンおよび等級化エタノールで脱パラフィンし、ヘマトキシリンおよびエオシン(H&E)で染色し、光学顕微鏡下で観察した。
Trizol試薬(Invitrogen)を用い、製造者の指示に従って、組織試料から全RNAを抽出した。RNA(2μg)は反応体積20μL中で、Revert Aid(登録商標)First Strant cDNA Synthesisキット(Thermo)を用いて、オリゴ(dT)15を使って逆転写した。そこから得られた、最初のRNAの0.1μgに相当するcDNAを、次いで、1 X PCR緩衝液、1 U DreamTaq(登録商標)DNA Polymerase、0.2mM dNTP混合液、0.4μΜ上流プライマー、および0.4μΜ下流プライマーを含むマスターミックスを添加してPCRを行った。PCR法のための特定のプライマー対は、マウス5−HT7R(フォワード、5’−TCTTCGGATGGGCTCAGAATGT−3’およびリバース、5’−AACTTGTGTTTGGCTGCGCT−3’)、ならびにβアクチン(フォワード、5’−GGGAAATCGTGCGTGAC−3’およびリバース、5’−CAAGAAGGAAGGCTGGAA−3’)(非特許文献62で開示)であった。DNAサーマルサイクラーをプログラムし、次のプロトコルを実施した。95℃で3分間を1サイクル;95℃で30秒間(変性)、55℃で30秒間(アニーリング)、および72℃で30秒間(伸長)を30サイクル;そして最終伸長として72℃で7分間。cDNAを持たず逆転写しない試料を用いて陰性対照を実施した。次いでRT−PCR産物を0.5μg/mLのエチジウムブロミド存在下で、1.5%アガロースゲルで電気泳動し、紫外線トランスイルミネーターで可視化し、写真を撮った。DNAバンドの強度をGel−Pro Analyzer 4.0ソフトウェアを用いて分析した。
脱パラフィンした組織スライドを、0.05%Tween−20を含有する10mMクエン酸三ナトリウム緩衝液(pH6.0)で培養し、マイクロ波で煮沸した。切片は室温に置いて冷ました。1mg/mLのNaBH4を用いてPBS(pH8.0)中で、室温で15分間クエンチした後、1%ウシ血清アルブミンを用いて組織を室温で2時間ブロッキングした。組織片は一次抗体、ウサギポリクローナル抗5−HT7R(1:300、Abeam)、ウサギPGP9.5抗体(1:250、GeneTex)、またはアイソタイプ対照とともに4℃で一晩培養した。切片をPBSで洗浄し、Alexa Fluor 488にコンジュゲートした二次ヤギ抗ウサギIgG(1:250、Molecular Probes)で、室温で1時間培養した。次いで、ヘキストダイ(PBS中1μg/mL)(Sigma)を用いて組織をさらに30分間培養した。スライドを蛍光顕微鏡下で観察し、画像を記録した。
腸粘膜タンパク質を完全な放射性免疫沈降(RIPA)緩衝液で抽出し、SDS−ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動(PAGE)(4〜13%ポリアクリルアミド)(非特許文献64;非特許文献65;および非特許文献66に記載)を行った。次いで、分離されたタンパク質をセミドライ式ブロッティング装置でPVDFまたはニトロセルロース膜に電気泳動で転写した。ブロットはトリス緩衝生理食塩水(TBS)中の5%(w/v)脱脂粉乳、またはTween−20を含むTBS(TBS−T;0.1%(v/v)Tween−20 in TBS)中の5%(w/v)ウシ血清アルブミンを用いて1時間ブロッキングし、TBS−Tで洗浄し、一次抗体とともに4℃で一晩培養した。膜を洗浄し、二次抗体とともに1時間培養した。洗浄後、膜を化学発光溶液で培養し、信号を検出した。使用した一次抗体は、ウサギポリクローナル抗5−HT7R(1:500、Abeam)および抗−Pアクチン(1:10000、Sigma)を含んでいた。使用した二次抗体は、ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼにコンジュゲートしたヤギ抗ウサギIgG(1:1000、Cell Signaling)であった。
すべての値を平均±SEMとして表し、対応のあるスチューデントのt検定で比較した。P<0.05で有意差があるとした。
IBS様内臓過敏症の動物モデル2種を用いて、新規5−HT7Rリガンドである一連の8−フェニルイソキノリン誘導体の抗侵害受容効果を調べた。ジアルジア感染後に水回避ストレスを受ける群(GW)、および非感染で無ストレスの正常対照として、同時飼育で処置なしの群(PN)の2群にマウスを分けた。マウスの結腸直腸の膨張に対する内臓運動反応(VMR)を曲線下面積(AUC)として表し、各マウスで腸管痛の指標として決定した。
概念実証として内臓過敏症における5−HT7Rの役割を検証するために、研究用途の推定5−HT7Rアンタゴニスト(SB−269970)を動物モデルの腹腔内(i.p.、0.5mg/kg)に注射し、VMRによって腸管痛を測定した。SB7の腹腔内投与によって、マウスにおける腸管痛レベルが有意に抑制された(図7)。
5−HT7Rを標的とする、高い結合親和性を有し水溶性の新規8−フェニルイソキノリン誘導体(化合物I)を合成した(表8に示す化合物6〜10)。最初の試験では、化合物6〜10(5−HT7Rリガンド)をGWマウスに5mg/kgで経口(p.o.)投与し、腹痛の抑制効果を評価した。5mg/kgを単回投与し、90分後にVMRを分析した。試験した化合物はすべて抗侵害受容効果を示し、中でも化合物8が、ベースライン値に対して最も強力な腸管痛抑制を示した(図8)。
化合物I(化合物6〜10)および標準品を2種類の動物モデルに経口投与して、その抗侵害受容能力を比較した。これらの化合物、ならびにSB7(5−HT7Rアンタゴニスト)、アロセトロン(ALN、5−HT3Rアンタゴニスト)、およびロペラミド(LPM、μ−オピオイド受容体アゴニスト)からなる標準品は5mg/kgで投与し、90分後に疼痛を分析した。ALNを経口投与したGWマウスでは腸管痛が低下したが、化合物8を投与したGWマウスと比べて効果が小さかった(図8(A))。一方、SB7およびLPMを経口投与したGWマウスでは、腸の侵害受容に効果が認められなかった(図11(A))。ALN、SP7、またはLPMを投与した第2の動物モデルでは、TNBSマウスの腸管痛に効果が認められなかった(図11(B))。
Claims (10)
- 次の一般式で表される化合物または医薬的に許容されるその塩であって:
上式で、R1は水素、C1−10直鎖アルキル基、C1−10分枝鎖アルキル基、(CH2)n(Hete)R10R11R12、および(CH2)nArR10R11R12からなる群から選択され、このとき、nは0〜6の整数であり、Heteは複素環式芳香族基であり、Arは芳香族基であり、ならびにR10、R11、およびR12は水素、ハロ基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、シアノ基、アセチル基、C1−6直鎖飽和アルキル基、C1−6直鎖飽和アルコキシ基、およびC1−6直鎖飽和ハロアルキル基からなる群から独立して選択され;
R2は水素またはC1−6直鎖飽和アルキル基であり;ならびに
X1、X2、X3、X4、およびX5は水素、ハロ基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、シアノ基、アセチル基、C1−6直鎖飽和アルキル基、C1−6分枝鎖飽和アルキル基、C1−6直鎖飽和アルコキシ基、C1−6分枝鎖飽和アルコキシ基、C1−6直鎖飽和アルキルチオ基、C1−6分枝鎖飽和アルキルチオ基、C1−6直鎖飽和ハロアルキル基、およびC1−6分枝鎖飽和ハロアルキル基からなる群から独立して選択される
化合物。 - 前記ハロ基が、フッ素、塩素、臭素、およびヨウ素からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 前記複素環式芳香族基が、ピロリル基、フラニル基、チオフェニル基、ピリジニル基、ピリミジニル基、チアゾリル基、インドリル基、イソインドリル基、インダゾリル基、ベンゾフラニル基、イソベンゾフラニル基、ベンゾチオフェニル基、ベンズイミダゾリル基、ベンゾオキサゾリル基、およびベンゾチアゾリル基からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 6−メトキシ−8−(2−メトキシフェニル)−2−(3−(4−ニトロフェニル)プロピル)−1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロイソキノリン−7−オール(化合物7)、6−メトキシ−8−(2−メトキシフェニル)−2−(3−(ピリジン−4−イル)プロピル)−1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロイソキノリン−7−オール(化合物8)、6−メトキシ−8−(2−メトキシフェニル)−2−(3−(ピリジン−3−イル)プロピル)−1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロイソキノリン−7−オール(化合物9)、および6,7−ジメトキシ−8−(2−メトキシフェニル)−2−(3−(ピリジン−4−イル)プロピル)−1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロイソキノリン(化合物10)、または医薬的に許容されるその塩から選択される、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 6−メトキシ−8−(2−メトキシフェニル)−2−(3−(ピリジン−4−イル)プロピル)−1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロイソキノリン−7−オール(化合物8)、または医薬的に許容されるその塩である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 医薬的に許容される担体、および請求項1〜5のうちいずれか一項に記載の化合物または医薬的に許容されるその塩の治療有効量を含む医薬組成物。
- 必要とする被験者に、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物の有効量を投与するステップを含む、過敏性腸症候群を治療する方法。
- 5−HT7受容体に拮抗することによって過敏性腸症候群を治療する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 感染後のストレスによって誘発された疼痛を抑制することで過敏性腸症候群を治療する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 化学的に誘導した炎症によって誘発された疼痛を抑制することで過敏性腸症候群を治療する、請求項7に記載の方法。
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JP2004515494A (ja) * | 2000-12-07 | 2004-05-27 | アストラゼネカ・アクチエボラーグ | 治療剤 |
JP2008509962A (ja) * | 2004-08-18 | 2008-04-03 | ラボラトリオス デル ドクトール エステベ エセ.ア. | 5−ht7受容体アンタゴニスト |
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WO2015123398A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-20 | Purdue Pharma L.P. | Isoquinoline derivatives and use thereof |
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US7211584B2 (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2007-05-01 | Laboratorios Del Dr. Esteve, S.A. | 5-HT7 receptor ligands |
TW200914020A (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2009-04-01 | Lilly Co Eli | Substituted piperazinyl pyrazines and pyridines as 5-HT7 receptor antagonists |
WO2012058769A1 (en) | 2010-11-03 | 2012-05-10 | Mcmaster University | Method of treating mucosal inflammation |
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US4220778A (en) * | 1978-10-30 | 1980-09-02 | G. D. Searle & Co. | 8-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and derivatives thereof |
JP2004515494A (ja) * | 2000-12-07 | 2004-05-27 | アストラゼネカ・アクチエボラーグ | 治療剤 |
JP2008509962A (ja) * | 2004-08-18 | 2008-04-03 | ラボラトリオス デル ドクトール エステベ エセ.ア. | 5−ht7受容体アンタゴニスト |
US20130059882A1 (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2013-03-07 | National Taiwan University | 8-Phenylisoquinolines And Pharmaceutical Composition Used In Treatment For Sepsis |
WO2015123398A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-20 | Purdue Pharma L.P. | Isoquinoline derivatives and use thereof |
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