JP2020502332A - 繊維材料及び熱可塑性バインダーを含む組成物 - Google Patents
繊維材料及び熱可塑性バインダーを含む組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020502332A JP2020502332A JP2019532048A JP2019532048A JP2020502332A JP 2020502332 A JP2020502332 A JP 2020502332A JP 2019532048 A JP2019532048 A JP 2019532048A JP 2019532048 A JP2019532048 A JP 2019532048A JP 2020502332 A JP2020502332 A JP 2020502332A
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- diisocyanate
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Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
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- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
- C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/003—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised by the matrix material, e.g. material composition or physical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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Abstract
Description
(i)40〜180℃の融点(Tm)を有する少なくとも1つの半結晶質ポリエステルポリオール;及び
(ii)少なくとも1つのポリイソシアネートの反応生成物、
を含み;
前記ポリイソシアネート(ii)のNCO基と、前記少なくとも1つの半結晶質ポリエステルポリオール(i)のOH基の合計とのモル比が1.00:1未満であり;前記熱可塑性ポリウレタンポリマーが、(a)少なくとも20J/g、好ましくは20〜70J/g、より好ましくは30〜50J/gの融解エンタルピー、(b)70℃超、好ましくは90℃超、より好ましくは90℃超〜180℃の融点(Tm)、及び(c)5,000〜80,000g/mol、より好ましくは5,000〜50,000g/mol、さらにより好ましくは6,000〜40,000g/mol、特に好ましくは7,000〜30,000g/mol、最も好ましくは10,000〜25,000g/molの数平均分子量(Mn)を有する。
1)本発明による組成物を含む外型を用意する工程;
2)2成分ポリウレタンマトリックス樹脂を圧力下及び/又は真空下で前記外型に導入する工程;及び
3)前記組成物を最大140℃までの温度、好ましくは60〜120℃の温度で硬化する工程、
を含む。
(i)少なくとも1つのポリエステルポリオール;
(ii)少なくとも1つのポリイソシアネート;及び
(iii)上記少なくとも1つのポリエステルポリオール(i)とは異なる任意の少なくとも1つのジオール、
の反応生成物を含まず;
前記ポリイソシアネート(ii)のNCO基と、前記ポリエステルポリオール(i)及び前記任意に含むジオール(iii)のOH基の合計とのモル比が、1.00:1未満であり;
前記ポリエステルポリオール(i)が、
(a)40〜180℃の融点(Tm)を有する少なくとも1つの半結晶質ポリエステルポリオール;及び
(b)少なくとも1つの非結晶質ポリエステルポリオール、
を含む。
・3000g/mol未満の数平均分子量(Mn)を有する少なくとも1つのポリオール(I);
・少なくとも1つのポリイソシアネート(II);
を含む2成分ポリウレタンマトリックス樹脂の反応により得ることができ、
前記ポリオール(I)のOH基と、前記ポリイソシアネート(II)のNCO基とのモル比が、2:1〜1:10、好ましくは2:1〜1:5、最も好ましくは2:1〜1:2である。
1)繊維材料及び熱可塑性バインダーを含む組成物を含む外型(プリフォーム)を用意する工程;
2)2成分ポリウレタンマトリックス樹脂を圧力下及び/又は真空下で前記外型に導入する工程;及び
3)前記組成物を最大140℃までの温度、好ましくは60〜130℃の温度で硬化する工程、
を含む。
明示的に別の方法が示されない限り、本発明では次の測定法が用いられる。
融解エンタルピー、Tg及び融点は、別義が指示されない限り、±0.1mgまで測定可能な化学天秤及びMettler Toledo TA測定器Q20 DSCユニットを用いて測定される。DSCは、インジウム標準を用いて較正される。実際の測定では、5〜10mgの試料をアルミニウムのDSC皿中に秤取し、蓋を確実に固定する。使用前にDSCチャンバーの温度を40℃に設定する。試料皿及び参照皿(ブランク)をDSCセルチャンバー中に置く。毎分20℃の冷却速度で温度を0℃まで下げる。温度を20分間0℃に保持後、毎分10℃の加熱速度で200℃まで温度を上げる。Tgを熱流の変曲点から取得し、Tmを熱流の吸熱ピークから得る。融解エンタルピーは、直線ベースラインを用いた熱流の吸熱ピークの積分により計算する。
それぞれの化合物/組成物の分子量及びモル質量分布を、同じクロマトグラフ条件下で、ゲル透過クロマトグラフィー(GPC)により分析する。試験試料をN,N−ジメチルアセトアミドに溶解し、それぞれの調製試料溶液を0.20μmのシリンジフィルターを通して分析バイアル中に濾過する。調製試料溶液を、Styragelカラムを使い、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド/LiCl溶出及び80℃での屈折率検出により、GPC分離技術を用いて液体クロマトグラフィーにより分析する。試験物質で測定される数平均分子量(Mn)及び重量平均分子量(Mw)は、ポリスチレン標準物質を用いて実施される外部較正を基準にしている。
当量は、DGF−CV17a(98)に従って測定されるOH価により決定される。
融解粘度は、モデル106温度コントローラー付きブルックフィールド粘度計モデルRVDV−1及びThermoselユニットを用いて測定して、粘度標準油で較正した。10〜12gの接着剤を使い捨て型のアルミニウム粘度計チューブに秤取する。このチューブを粘度計に挿入し、平衡化するために160℃で30分間放置する。予熱スピンドルno.27を接着剤中に挿入し、160℃で30分間回転させ;回転速度を測定した粘度範囲に応じて変更する。次いで160℃での初期粘度V1を測定する。
ポリエステルポリオールをガラスフラスコ中に秤取し、機械的攪拌をしながら、120℃に加熱した。フラスコを密閉し、水を除去するために、真空ポンプにより真空を1時間適用(圧力2〜5ミリバール)した。フレーク状MDIを加え、ヒドロキシル基と130℃で反応させた。反応を、2200cm−1でのNCOの吸収が消えるまで、赤外線分光法により追跡した。
V1:比較例
半結晶質ポリエステル1:Dynacoll 7340(Evonik Industries)、OH価28〜29、当量1934〜1989g/eq
半結晶質ポリエステル2:Dynacoll 7321(Evonik Industries)、OH価33、当量1700g/eq
非晶質ポリエステル:Dynacoll 7150(Evonik Industries);OH価40、当量1402.5g/eq
4,4’−MDI:4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(Desmodur 44MC,Covestro)
Claims (16)
- 繊維材料及び熱可塑性バインダーを含む組成物であって、前記熱可塑性バインダーが、少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリウレタンポリマーを含み、前記熱可塑性ポリウレタンポリマーが、
(i)40〜180℃の融点(Tm)を有する少なくとも1つの半結晶質ポリエステルポリオール;及び
(ii)少なくとも1つのポリイソシアネート
の反応生成物を含み;
前記ポリイソシアネート(ii)のNCO基と、前記少なくとも1つの半結晶質ポリエステルポリオール(i)のOH基の合計とのモル比が、1.00:1未満であり;前記熱可塑性ポリウレタンポリマーが、(a)少なくとも20J/g、好ましくは20〜70J/g、より好ましくは30〜50J/gの融解エンタルピー、(b)70℃超、好ましくは90℃超、より好ましくは90℃超〜180℃の融点(Tm)、及び(c)5,000〜80,000g/mol、より好ましくは5,000〜50,000g/mol、さらにより好ましくは6,000〜40,000g/mol、特に好ましくは7,000〜30,000g/mol、最も好ましくは10,000〜25,000g/molの数平均分子量(Mn)を有する、組成物。 - 前記熱可塑性ポリウレタンポリマーが、3500〜15000g/eq、好ましくは6000〜12000g/eqの当量を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記熱可塑性バインダーが、前記熱可塑性バインダーの総重量を基準にして、50〜99.9重量%の前記少なくとも1つの熱可塑性ポリウレタン;及び0.1〜50重量%の添加剤を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記添加剤が、安定剤、接着促進剤、充填剤、可塑剤及び少なくとも熱可塑性ポリウレタンコポリマーとは異なるさらなる熱可塑性ポリマー、又はこれらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物の総重量を基準にして、
0.1〜40重量%の前記熱可塑性バインダー;及び
60〜99.9重量%の繊維材料を含む、
請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の組成物。 - 前記繊維材料が、ガラス繊維、合成繊維、炭素繊維、ホウ素繊維、セラミック繊維、金属繊維、天然繊維、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択される繊維を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記繊維材料が、マット、織物、不織布、非捲縮織物、編物、撚り、又は粗紡糸の形態である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポリエステルポリオールが、少なくとも2個のヒドロキシル基を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポリエステルポリオールが、2〜30個の炭素原子を有する1つ以上の多価アルコールと、2〜14個の炭素原子を有する1つ以上のポリカルボン酸との縮合により形成される、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポリイソシアネートが、160g/mol〜500g/molの分子量を有する、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポリイソシアネートが、ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)の異性体、フェニレンジイソシアネートの異性体、ナフタレン−1,5−ジイソシアネート(NDI)、トルエンジイソシアネート(TDI)の異性体、m−及びp−テトラメチルキシリレンジイソシアネート(TMXDI)、m−及びp−キシリレンジイソシアネート(XDI)、3,3’−ジメチルジフェニル−4,4’−ジイソシアネート(TODI)、トルエンジイソシアネート、ジ及びテトラアルキルジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、4,4’−ジベンジルジイソシアネート、ならびにこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポリイソシアネートが、エチレンジイソシアネート、ドデカンジイソシアネート、ダイマー脂肪酸ジイソシアネート、4,4’−ジベンジルジイソシアネート、1,6−ジイソシアナト−2,2,4−トリメチルヘキサン、ブタン−1,4−ジイソシアネート、ヘキサン−1,6−ジイソシアネート(HDI)、テトラメトキシブタン−1,4−ジイソシアネート、1,12−ジイソシアナト−ドデカン、4,4’−ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート、1,3−シクロヘキサン又は1,4−シクロヘキサンジイソシアネート、1−メチル−2,4−ジイソシアナト−シクロヘキサン、1−イソシアナトメチル−3−イソシアナト−1,5,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン(イソホロンジイソシアネート、IPDI)、水素添加又は部分水素添加MDI([H]12MDI(水素添加)又は[H]6MDI(部分水素添加)、ならびにこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の組成物により強化された、硬化した熱硬化性ポリウレタンポリマーマトリックスを含む繊維強化複合材料であって、繊維が、前記繊維強化複合材料の総体積を基準にして30体積%を超える割合で含まれることを特徴とする、繊維強化複合材料。
- 前記硬化した熱硬化性ポリウレタンポリマーマトリックスが、
3000g/mol未満の数平均分子量(Mn)を有する少なくとも1つのポリオール(I);
少なくとも1つのポリイソシアネート(II);
を含む2成分ポリウレタンマトリックス樹脂の反応により得られ、
前記ポリオール(I)のOH基と、前記ポリイソシアネート(II)のNCO基とのモル比が、2:1〜1:10、好ましくは2:1〜1:5、最も好ましくは2:1〜1:2である、請求項13に記載の繊維強化複合材料。 - 請求項13又は14に記載の繊維強化複合材料の製造方法であって、
1)請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む外型を準備する工程;
2)2成分ポリウレタンマトリックス樹脂を圧力下及び/又は真空下で前記外型に導入する工程;及び
3)前記組成物を最大140℃までの温度、好ましくは60〜130℃の温度で硬化する工程を含む、方法。 - 鉄道車両、自走車両、航空機、ボート、宇宙船、オートバイ、自転車、スポーツ用具、ヘルメット、機能性衣料品、靴、橋及びビルの建築部材又は風力タービンブレードにおける、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の組成物又は請求項13又は14に記載の繊維強化複合材料の使用。
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US8802770B2 (en) * | 2008-01-24 | 2014-08-12 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Hydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane |
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