JP2020059703A - 免疫除去療法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
***
***
***
a 60 kgのヒトを前提としている。列記されていない種、または標準的範囲外の重量については、HEDは以下の式から計算することができる:
HED = mg/kg単位の動物用量x(kg単位の動物重量/ kg単位のヒト重量)0.33
b 健常な子供がフェーズ1試験のボランティアになることは稀なので、このkm値は参考のためだけに提供されている。
c 例えばカニクイザル、アカゲザル、およびベニガオザル。
***
喘息は、肺組織におけるCD8+ 1型Tリンパ球およびマクロファージならびに気道管腔における好中球の数増加により特徴付けられる慢性的炎症である。2つの炎症性状態において著しく相違するリンパ球が、喘息およびCOPDの病態形成において重要な役割を果たす。喘息においてT細胞が主要な役割を果たすこと、特にアトピー性アレルギー喘息ならびに非アトピー性および職業性喘息におけるTヘルパー2型(Th2)細胞の関与を支持する圧倒的証拠が今や存在する。T細胞毒性2型CD8+T細胞からの小さな寄与も存在し得る。いくつかのTh2サイトカインが、気道炎症をモジュレートする潜在能力を有しており、特にインターロイキン13は動物モデルにおいてIgEとは独立した気道過敏と好酸球増加症とを誘導する。喘息と慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)は肺の2つの異なる炎症性障害であり、共通の機能的異常すなわち気流制限を共有する(Baraldo et al., 2007)。
以下は、本発明の実施形態を記述するために使用される定義である。
脾臓は、白脾髄と赤脾髄の両方を含んでいる。脾臓の赤脾髄は、老化したもしくは欠陥のある赤血球(RBC)、および抗体で被覆された細菌もしくは赤血球を循環から通常濾過し除去するマクロファージを保持する。脾臓の白脾髄はリンパ系区画を含み、免疫の監視機構と応答のために重要である。白脾髄は、侵入する病原体に対する抗体を合成し、出血または感染に応答して血小板および好中球を放出する。発生の際には、脾臓は、最初の造血部位となること(妊娠6週において)を含む複数の役割を有すると考えられている。細胞毒性化学療法プレコンディショニング無しでは、細胞免疫療法物は、大部分が投与後1時間以内に循環から排除され脾臓に蓄積することが、前臨床および臨床治験によって示されてきた。細胞免疫療法物を循環中に維持するためには、細胞毒性化学療法プレコンディショニングが細胞免疫療法の投与に近接していなければならない(典型的には、細胞免疫療法の投与の48時間前)。細胞毒性化学療法プレコンディショニングが4週間前または骨髄回復を可能にする前処置時間において施された場合には、細胞免疫療法物を効果的に循環中に維持できない(Ritchie DS et al. Mol Ther. Nov;21(11):2122-9 (2013))。
急性高用量デキサメタゾンは本明細書においてDex、AugmenStem(商標)、PlenaStem(商標)、またはAVM0703とも呼ばれ得る。
ナイーブマウスとラットのモデルにおいて行った予備的な用量上昇実験では、高用量デキサメタゾンの投与が完全なリンパ球枯渇をもたらすことが示された(図11、右側)。デキサメタゾンの高用量は、投与の48時間後に測定されるCD4+、CD8+、Tregs、およびB細胞集団の〜98%低減を誘導することができ、自己免疫病態生理学的基質の迅速な除去をサポートしている。初期ステージの検証によると、急性高用量デキサメタゾンは、薬物動態学的には2〜3時間の半減期および4〜5日間の薬物動力学的半減期を有することが示されており、これは長期化する免疫抑制を除外する。それに加えて、急性高用量デキサメタゾンの経口投薬はIV投薬に匹敵する効果を有しており、単一経口処置としての急性高用量デキサメタゾンの使用をサポートしている。
四人のヒト患者(三人は変形性膝関節炎を有し一人は大動脈瘤を有する)に、3 mg/kgデキサメタゾン塩基等量(これらの実施例において記載される全ての用量はデキサメタゾン塩基等量である)の経口急性投与が施された。リンパ球およびその他の血液細胞集団を決定するためのCBC分析およびフローサイトメトリーのために、薬剤処置の前および処置の48時間後に採血した。サイトカインレベルについて血清を分析した。一人の患者については、処置前CBCが採られず、従って標準化フローサイトメトリーデータは3患者のみについて示している。未標準化フローサイトメトリーデータによると、4患者のうち2患者だけがリンパ球枯渇を伴ってデキサメタゾンに応答した一方(図14、15、および16)、この用量のデキサメタゾンに対して4患者のうち2患者がCD3およびCD4リンパ球においてリンパ球増加応答を示し4患者のうち1患者がCD8、Bリンパ球およびNK細胞においてリンパ球増加応答を示した。急性経口デキサメタゾン塩基(3 mg/kg)の48時間後に4患者のうち3患者がIL-2のレベルの上昇を示し4患者のうち4患者がIL-15のレベルの上昇を示した(図17)。致死の可能性を有するサイトカイン放出症候群(CRS)の主要な駆動因子であることが知られるサイトカインであるIL-6は、いずれの患者においても上昇しなかった。3 mg/kg用量において4人の非癌患者のうち2人で観察されたリンパ球増加応答に基づけば、デキサメタゾンに対する腫瘍罹患マウスの上昇した感度(最低致死用量は健常マウスではHED 114 mg/kgであったのと比べて腫瘍罹患マウスではHED 43 mg/kgであった(Scorza Barcellona, 1984))に基づいて好ましいリンパ球枯渇用量は3 mg/kg以上となる。
第-2日に、12 mg/kgまたは17.5 mg/kg HEDにてデキサメタゾン塩基を成体オスマウスに経管経口投与した。別の群のマウスに、第-5日および第-4日に166 mg/kg(HED 500 mg/m2)のCyを、第-5日、第-4日、第-3日、第-2日にフルダラビン10 mg/kg(HED 30 mg/m2)をIP投与した。第三の群のマウスには、第-5日に166 mg/kg(HED 500 mg/m2)のCyを、第-5日にフルダラビン10 mg/kg(HED 30 mg/m2)をIP投与し、それから第-2日に12 mg/kgまたは17.5 mg/kg HEDのデキサメタゾン塩基を経口投与した。CBCおよびフローサイトメトリーの結果を図19〜24に示し、体重を図25に示している。
例えばSLE、乾癬、関節リウマチ、乾癬性関節炎、I型糖尿病、多発性硬化症、シェーグレン症候群、強皮症、グレーブス病、橋本甲状腺炎、セリアック病、アジソン病、重症筋無力症、自己免疫性肝炎、抗リン脂質抗体症候群、胆汁性胆管炎であるがこれらに限定されない自己免疫疾患を有する患者を、グルココルチコイド免疫抑制剤、またはデキサメタゾンの用量で処置することができる。急性高用量デキサメタゾン(塩基として)の用量は約3 mg/kgから約24 mg/kgにわたり、約9 mg/kg〜約18 mg/kgの用量が好ましい。
残余HIVを有する患者がグルココルチコイド免疫抑制剤、またはデキサメタゾンで処置される。急性高用量デキサメタゾン(塩基として)の用量は約3 mg/kgから約24 mg/kgにわたり、約9 mg/kg〜約18 mg/kgの用量が好ましい。この処置は、HIVが隠れる脾臓中のニッチを除去し、感染したT細胞を循環中に送り出し、そこでそれらは抗レトロウイルス薬(ヌクレオシド系逆転写酵素阻害剤(NTRI:nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)、非ヌクレオシド系逆転写酵素阻害剤(NNRTI:non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)、プロテアーゼ阻害剤(PI:protease inhibitor)、融合・侵入阻害剤、薬物動態増強剤、およびインテグラーゼストランド転移阻害剤(INSTI:integrase strand transfer inhibitor)を含むがこれらに限定されない)を含む標準的HIV療法により殺されることができる。
例えばバーキットリンパ腫またはびまん性大B細胞リンパ腫(DLBCL:diffuse large B-cell lymphoma)であるがこれらに限定されない胚中心リンパ腫を有する患者がグルココルチコイド免疫抑制剤、またはデキサメタゾンで処置される。急性高用量デキサメタゾン(塩基として)の用量は約3 mg/kgから約24 mg/kgにわたり、約9 mg/kg〜約18 mg/kgの用量が好ましい。この処置は、胚中心リンパ腫が結合する脾臓中のニッチを除去し、それら細胞を循環中に送り出し、そこでそれら細胞は、R-CHOPのような標準的化学療法、またはリツキサン、ベキサール、もしくはゼヴァリンのようなCD20に対する抗体、またはリンフォサイドもしくはボルセツズマブマホドチンのようなCD22もしくはCD70に対する抗体、またはオブリメルセンナトリウム、ABT-737(経口形態ナビトクラックス、ABT-263)、もしくはフェンレチニドのようなBcl-2阻害剤、またはフォスタマチニブもしくはタマチニブのようなSyk阻害剤、またはボルテゾミブ(ベルケイド)のようなプロテアソーム阻害剤、またはCOMPADME、CODOX-M/IVACによって、より完全に、またはより低用量で、除去され得る。再発率は低下し無疾患生存率が上昇する。
別のグルココルチコイドの等価投薬量を算出するために、デキサメタゾンの用量を、公的に利用可能なグルココルチコイド換算計算手段、好ましくは、http://www.medcalc.comに入力する。続いて、総投薬量をグルココルチコイドの半減期に基づいて決定する。例えば、3〜12 mg/kgのデキサメタゾンは、19〜75 mg/kgのプレドニゾンに換算される。プレドニゾンの生物学的半減期は約20時間であり、デキサメタゾンの生物学的半減期は、約36〜54時間である。従って、プレドニゾンは、等価な生物学的投薬量のために、24時間毎に19〜75mg/kgの間で投薬される。
例えばSLE、乾癬、関節リウマチ、乾癬性関節炎、I型糖尿病、多発性硬化症、シェーグレン症候群、強皮症、グレーブス病、橋本甲状腺炎、セリアック病、アジソン病、重症筋無力症、自己免疫性肝炎、抗リン脂質抗体症候群、胆汁性胆管炎であるがこれらに限定されない自己免疫疾患を有する患者を、急性高用量プレドニゾンで処置することができる。急性高用量プレドニゾンの用量は約19 mg/kgから約150 mg/kgにわたり、約56 mg/kg〜約112 mg/kgの用量が好ましく、24時間後におけるこの用量の反復(2回目)投与および最初の用量の48〜72時間後におけるこの用量の任意の反復(3回目)投与を伴う。
以前の研究は、A20 B細胞リンパ腫マウスモデルにおいて高悪性度非ホジキンリンパ腫(non-Hodgkin lymphoma)のための標準的化学療法レジメンが著しい毒性を有することを示していた(Bascus et al., 2016)。
この実施例は、グルココルチコイド療法が、効果的な化学療法のための必要用量を低減させることを示す。
この実施例は、高用量デキサメタゾンの投与が癌細胞に優先的に影響を与えることを示す。
この研究の目的は、腫瘍に対する異なる用量のデキサメタゾンの効果を評価することであった。10週齢BALB/cマウスにおいて腫瘍を確立した後、エクセルによって、ほぼ同等の平均腫瘍体積を有する4つの群にマウスを無作為に分けた。週毎の6 mg/Kg HEDデキサメタゾン、週毎の15 mg/Kg HEDデキサメタゾン、または週毎の21 mg/Kg HEDデキサメタゾンで4サイクルに渡ってマウスに投薬した(各投与群に5匹のマウス)。腫瘍が、刊行された式V = L x W2 x 0.5を用いて1500 mm3の体積に達したら、マウスはエンドポイントにあるとみなされて撤収された。図30に示すように、増加用量のデキサメタゾンは腫瘍あたりの平均細胞数としての密度を低減させる。
以下の番号付きパラグラフは、発明者らの提唱の異なる側面を記述するものであり、詳細な説明の一部をなす。
1.対象におけるリンパ球媒介性疾患の処置における使用のための、グルココルチコイドを含む医薬組成物であって、前記処置は、前記医薬組成物の用量を患者に投与して約3〜26 mg/kgのヒト等価用量(HED)のデキサメタゾン塩基と等価な用量の前記グルココルチコイドを送達することを含み、
前記医薬組成物は、1つ以上の薬学的に許容される担体、保存剤、および/またはキレート剤を含む、
医薬組成物。
2.前記リンパ球媒介性疾患は自己免疫疾患である、パラグラフ1に記載の医薬組成物。
3.前記リンパ球媒介性疾患は残余HIV疾患である、パラグラフ1に記載の医薬組成物。
4.前記リンパ球媒介性疾患は胚中心リンパ腫である、パラグラフ1に記載の医薬組成物。
5.前記リンパ球媒介性疾患は移植片対宿主病である、パラグラフ1に記載の医薬組成物。
6.前記リンパ球媒介性疾患はアレルギー性障害であり、任意で前記アレルギー性障害は喘息である、パラグラフ1に記載の医薬組成物。
7.前記自己免疫疾患は1型糖尿病、多発性硬化症、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、強皮症、天疱瘡、および狼瘡からなる群から選択される、パラグラフ2に記載の医薬組成物。
8.保存剤を含み、前記保存剤は亜硫酸塩である、パラグラフ1〜7のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
9.キレート剤を含み、前記キレート剤はEDTAである、パラグラフ1〜8のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
10.前記グルココルチコイドはデキサメタゾンを含み、任意で前記デキサメタゾンはデキサメタゾン塩基、リン酸デキサメタゾンナトリウム、および酢酸デキサメタゾンからなる群から選択される、パラグラフ1〜9のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
11.前記デキサメタゾンがリン酸デキサメタゾンナトリウムである、パラグラフ10に記載の医薬組成物。
12.前記医薬組成物の用量が、単一の急性用量であるか、または約72時間の期間に渡って投与される合計用量である、パラグラフ1〜11のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
13.前記医薬組成物は、静脈内(IV)または経口用量として投与され、任意で前記IVまたは経口用量は単一のIVまたは経口用量として投与される、パラグラフ1〜12のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
14.前記医薬組成物はグルココルチコイド水溶液である、パラグラフ1〜13のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
15.前記医薬組成物は、少なくとも約4 mg/kg、少なくとも約5 mg/kg、少なくとも約6 mg/kg、少なくとも約7 mg/kg、少なくとも約8 mg/kg、少なくとも約9 mg/kg、少なくとも約10 mg/kg、少なくとも約11 mg/kg、少なくとも約12 mg/kg、少なくとも約15 mg/kg、少なくとも約18 mg/kg、または少なくとも約24 mg/kgのヒト等価用量(HED)のデキサメタゾン塩基と等価な用量において投与される、パラグラフ1〜14のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
Claims (13)
- 対象におけるリンパ球媒介性疾患の処置における使用のための、グルココルチコイドを含む医薬組成物であって、前記処置は、前記医薬組成物の用量を患者に投与して6〜26 mg/kgのヒト等価用量(HED)のデキサメタゾン塩基と等価な用量の前記グルココルチコイドを送達することを含み、
前記医薬組成物は、1つ以上の薬学的に許容される担体、保存剤、および/またはキレート剤を含み、
前記リンパ球媒介性疾患は、自己免疫疾患、癌、残余HIV疾患、移植片対宿主病、およびアレルギー性障害から選択される、
医薬組成物。 - 前記リンパ球媒介性疾患がアレルギー性障害であり、前記アレルギー性障害が喘息である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記リンパ球媒介性疾患が癌であり、前記癌が胚中心リンパ腫である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記リンパ球媒介性疾患が癌であり、前記癌が白血病、リンパ腫、または多発性骨髄腫である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記リンパ球媒介性疾患が、1型糖尿病、多発性硬化症、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、強皮症、天疱瘡、および狼瘡からなる群から選択される自己免疫疾患である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 保存剤を含み、前記保存剤は亜硫酸塩である、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- キレート剤を含み、前記キレート剤はEDTAである、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記グルココルチコイドはデキサメタゾンを含み、任意で前記デキサメタゾンはデキサメタゾン塩基、リン酸デキサメタゾンナトリウム、および酢酸デキサメタゾンからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記デキサメタゾンがリン酸デキサメタゾンナトリウムである、請求項8に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物の用量が、単一の急性用量であるか、または約72時間の期間に渡って投与される合計用量である、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物は、静脈内(IV)または経口用量として投与され、任意で前記IVまたは経口用量は単一のIVまたは経口用量として投与される、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物はグルココルチコイド水溶液である、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物は、少なくとも約7 mg/kg、少なくとも約8 mg/kg、少なくとも約9 mg/kg、少なくとも約10 mg/kg、少なくとも約11 mg/kg、少なくとも約12 mg/kg、少なくとも約15 mg/kg、少なくとも約18 mg/kg、または少なくとも約24 mg/kgのヒト等価用量(HED)のデキサメタゾン塩基と等価な用量において投与される、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
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US12048705B2 (en) | 2024-07-30 |
WO2020072713A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
KR20210072039A (ko) | 2021-06-16 |
US20210338689A1 (en) | 2021-11-04 |
CN113164497A (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
BR112021006280A2 (pt) | 2021-07-06 |
MX2021003797A (es) | 2021-08-11 |
US20200108078A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
EP3488851A1 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
SG11202103031SA (en) | 2021-04-29 |
ZA202102727B (en) | 2022-05-25 |
AU2019355004A1 (en) | 2021-05-06 |
EP3860612A1 (en) | 2021-08-11 |
US11446314B2 (en) | 2022-09-20 |
CA3113969A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
EA202190927A1 (ru) | 2021-08-02 |
ES2863369T3 (es) | 2021-10-11 |
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