JP2020033735A - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

To improve the flowability of excavated sediment by securing a discharge passage for excavated sediment behind a disk cutter in a tunnel excavator equipped with an exchanging device of the disk cutter.SOLUTION: A tunnel excavator 1 comprises a cutter exchanging device 32 capable of exchanging a disk cutter 31 inside the machine. The cutter exchanging device 32 has a cutter support unit 41 that detachably supports the disk cutter 31, a rotation support unit 42 that rotatably supports the cutter support unit 41, and sealing members 71, 72, 73, 74 for sealing a gap between the two units. The cutter support unit 41 has a through hole 51a that connects a front space Sand a rear space Sin an excavation position state. The seal members 71, 72, 73, 74 have first seal members 71, 72 and second seal members 73, 74 arranged at a peripheral edge of the through hole 51a in the excavation position state and the exchange position state, respectively.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4A

Description

  The present invention relates to a disc cutter capable of excavating boulders, rocks, and the like, and a tunnel excavator provided with a cutter exchanging device capable of exchanging the disc cutter in the machine.

  The tunnel excavator is provided with a disk-shaped cutter head in front of a cylindrical excavator body (skin plate), and the cutter head is rotated by a cutter driving motor to excavate the ground in front of the tunnel to excavate the tunnel. Can be formed.

  If the tunnel excavator's excavation path (excavation target) includes a gravel layer or a bedrock layer, a disk cutter (roller cutter) may be provided on the cutter head. When the distance to be performed is long, a configuration for exchanging the disk cutter may be provided.

  Here, as a configuration for exchanging a disk cutter, various types of cutter exchanging devices have been developed so that an operator can safely perform an exchanging operation of the disk cutter inside a tunnel excavator (for example, see Patent Literature). Reference 1).

JP 2013-124498 A JP 2000-96987 A JP 2012-132282 A

  The technology described in Patent Literature 1 is to provide a cylindrical saddle for rotatably holding a disk cutter, and to be able to slide the saddle in the front-rear direction with respect to a front wall portion of the cutter head, so that the saddle is excavated during excavation. The disk cutter is protruded from the front wall by moving the disk cutter forward, and the disk cutter is replaced in the machine by retracting the saddle at the time of replacement.

  In Patent Literature 1, a nightgate valve is provided in a saddle moving passage in order to isolate the space on the ground side and the cabin space during excavation and replacement, and the saddle is positioned forward of the nightgate valve during excavation. Then, the night gate valve is closed, and at the time of replacement, the saddle is located behind the night gate valve to close the night gate valve, and the night gate valve is opened only when the saddle is slid.

  In a tunnel excavator having such a configuration, there is no discharge path for the excavated earth and sand behind the disk cutter, and there is a problem that the excavated earth and sand has poor flowability (capability of taking into the chamber). Therefore, in a tunnel excavator provided with a disc cutter exchanging device, various techniques for further improving the flowability of excavated sediment by securing a discharge passage for excavated sediment behind the disc cutter have been developed (for example, Patent Documents 2-3).

  Of course, it is necessary for the disc cutter changing device to surely prevent the inflow of earth and sand at the time of the changing operation. There is a demand for improved reliability.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in a tunnel excavator equipped with a disc cutter replacement device, by securing a discharge passage for excavated sediment behind the disc cutter, the flowability of excavated sediment is further improved. The purpose is to improve the function of preventing sediment inflow.

  A tunnel excavator according to a first aspect of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems includes a cylindrical skin plate, a cutter head rotatably provided at a front portion of the skin plate, a disk cutter provided on the cutter head, A tunnel excavator including a cutter exchanging device that enables a disc cutter to be exchanged in the machine, wherein the cutter exchanging device is fixed to the cutter support unit that detachably supports the disc cutter and the cutter head. A rotating support unit that rotatably supports the cutter supporting unit; and a sealing member that seals a gap between the cutter supporting unit and the rotating supporting unit, wherein the cutter supporting unit houses the disk cutter. With a possible through hole, the disc cutter can be exchanged in the machine with a digging position where the ground in front can be digged The rotary operation unit is rotated with respect to the exchange position, and the through-hole is provided in front of the cutter head when the disc cutter is located at the excavation position. A space communicates with a rear space located on the rear side of the cutter head, and the seal member is disposed on a peripheral portion of the through hole when the disc cutter is located at the excavation position. It is characterized by having a seal member and a second seal member arranged at a peripheral portion of the through hole when the disc cutter is located at the replacement position.

  A tunnel excavator according to a second invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is the tunnel excavator according to the first invention, wherein the second seal member separates the front space and the rear space from the front space and the rear space. A separation member is provided for isolating a replacement work space facing the disk cutter from an in-machine space in the cutter head. Here, the replacement work space is a space for replacing a disk cutter.

A tunnel excavator according to a third invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is the tunnel excavator according to the second invention, wherein the separating member is provided in the through hole when the disk cutter is located at the replacement position. Correspondingly, a cylindrical member having one end contacting the peripheral edge of the through hole and a lid member capable of closing the other end of the cylindrical member are provided.
A tunnel excavator according to a fourth invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is the tunnel excavator according to the second invention, wherein the separating member is provided in the through hole when the disc cutter is located at the exchange position. A cylindrical member having one end contacting one peripheral edge of the through hole on one side corresponding to one side, a lid member capable of closing the other end of the cylindrical member, and the disk cutter are located at the exchange position. One end of the through hole has a bottomed cylindrical member that is in contact with the other edge of the one side of the through hole.

  A tunnel excavator according to a fifth invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is the tunnel excavator according to any one of the first to fourth inventions, wherein at least one of the first seal member or the second seal member is provided. Is provided with a seal movable mechanism capable of moving toward and away from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit.

  A tunnel excavator according to a sixth invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is the tunnel excavator according to the fifth invention, wherein the seal movable mechanism moves the second seal member to an outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit. A cylindrical member whose one end is in contact with a peripheral edge of the through hole when the disk cutter is located at the exchange position, and a peripheral edge of one end of the cylindrical member. An operating unit that moves the tubular member so that the unit approaches and separates from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit; and a guide unit that engages with the tubular member and guides the movement of the tubular member. And the second seal member is provided at a peripheral edge of one end of the tubular member.

  A tunnel excavator according to a seventh invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is the tunnel excavator according to any one of the first to sixth inventions, wherein the cutter support unit is provided on the cutter support unit, and the disc cutter is attached to the cutter support unit. A cutter movable mechanism movable with respect to the rotary support unit, the cutter movable mechanism includes: a housing position where the entire disk cutter is housed within a range of a rotation locus of the cutter support unit with respect to the rotation support unit; The disk cutter is moved between a range of a rotation locus of the cutter support unit with respect to a unit and a projecting position at which at least a part of the disk cutter projects.

  According to the tunnel excavator according to the first invention, in a tunnel excavator provided with a disc cutter exchanging device, the flowability of excavated sediment is further improved by securing a discharge passage of excavated sediment behind the disc cutter. Can be done. Further, since the seal member has the first seal member and the second seal member, the gap between the cutter support unit and the rotation support unit can be sealed by the double seal mechanism. Inflow of excavated earth and sand into the cutter head) can be reliably prevented.

  According to the tunnel excavator according to the second invention, safety can be improved by the isolation member.

  According to the tunnel excavator according to the third and fourth aspects of the present invention, the inside of the machine (the inside of the cutter head) is formed by a triple seal mechanism of the first seal member, the second seal member, and the lid member (or the bottomed cylindrical member). ) Can be more reliably prevented from entering excavated earth and sand. Also, even during the rotation operation of the cutter support unit with respect to the rotation support unit, the inflow of excavated earth and sand and the like into the machine (inside of the cutter head) can be prevented by the separating member, so that the first seal member and the second seal member can be prevented. The degree of freedom in the configuration and arrangement of the members can be improved.

  According to the tunnel excavator according to the fifth aspect of the invention, it is possible to suppress wear of the seal member due to the rotation of the cutter support unit with respect to the rotary support unit.

  According to the tunnel excavator according to the sixth invention, the seal movable mechanism can be provided with a simple configuration.

  According to the tunnel excavator according to the seventh aspect, the cutter support unit can be reduced in size, and the degree of freedom in the arrangement of the cutter exchanging device in the tunnel excavator can be improved.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram (schematic vertical sectional view) illustrating a structure of the tunnel excavator according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram (a view taken in the direction of arrow II in FIG. 1) illustrating a structure of the tunnel excavator according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram (a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 2) illustrating a structure of a cutter changing device in the tunnel excavator according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram (a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2) illustrating a structure of a cutter changing device in the tunnel excavator according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram (a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 4A) illustrating a structure of the cutter exchanging device in the tunnel excavator according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram (corresponding to a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2) illustrating a structure of a cutter exchanging device in the tunnel excavator according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram (corresponding to a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2) illustrating a structure of a cutter exchanging device in the tunnel excavator according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram (a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 6A) illustrating a structure of the cutter exchanging device in the tunnel excavator according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram (corresponding to a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2) illustrating a structure of a cutter exchanging device in the tunnel excavator according to the second embodiment. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram (corresponding to a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2) illustrating a structure of a cutter exchanging device in the tunnel excavator according to the second embodiment. It is explanatory drawing (equivalent to III-III arrow sectional drawing in FIG. 2) which shows the example of a change which changed the structure of the cutter exchange device in the tunnel excavator which concerns on Example 1-2. It is explanatory drawing (equivalent to III-III arrow sectional drawing in FIG. 2) which shows the example of a change which changed the structure of the cutter exchange device in the tunnel excavator which concerns on Example 1-2.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a tunnel excavator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
[Example 1]

  First Embodiment A structure of a tunnel excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6B.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tunnel excavator 1 is provided with a skin plate (excavator body) 11 having a cylindrical shape, and a front portion of the skin plate 11 (in FIG. On the (side), a disk-shaped cutter head 12 is rotatably supported, and a bulkhead 13 is attached to the rear of the cutter head 12.

  Here, the cutter head 12 is connected to a cutter driving motor 23 via an intermediate beam 21 and a ring gear 22 so that the cutter head 12 is driven to rotate together with the ring gear 22 and the intermediate beam 21 by driving the cutter driving motor 23. Has become. The cutter head 12, the intermediate beam 21, the ring gear 22, and the cutter drive motor 23 are supported by the skin plate 11 via the bulkhead 13.

Therefore, the tunnel excavator 1 excavates the ground in front by rotating the cutter head 12, and the excavated earth and sand is passed through a not-shown sediment intake port provided in the cutter head 12 and the bulk head 13. so that the capture to the rear space (chamber) S ₁₃ defined between the.

Further, the tunnel excavator 1 is provided with a screw conveyor 14 capable of transporting excavated earth and sand. Screw conveyor 14, the front end portion with facing the chamber S ₁₃ through the bulkhead 13, a rear end portion is disposed so as to be positioned on the belt conveyor (not shown). Therefore, excavated earth and sand taken into the chamber S ₁₃ is adapted to be discharged to the outside through the screw conveyor 14 and an unillustrated belt conveyor or the like.

In the tunnel excavator 1 schematically configured as described above, a disk cutter 31 for excavating boulders, bedrock, and the like, and the disk cutter 31 is connected to the in-machine space of the tunnel excavator 1 (the internal space of the cutter head 12) S A cutter exchange device 32 for exchanging at ₁₂ is provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A, the cutter exchanging device 32 includes a cutter support unit 41 for detachably supporting the disk cutter 31, a rotation support unit 42 for rotatably supporting the cutter support unit 41, and a cutter. A rotation mechanism 43 for rotating the support unit 41 with respect to the rotation support unit 42 is provided.

Then, the disk cutter 31, by the cutter supporting unit 41 is caused to rotate relative to the rotary support unit 42 by the rotating mechanism 43, the drilling can be "drilling position" in front of the natural ground so as to face the front space S ₁₀₀ ( and see FIG. 4A), is adapted to be replaceable "replacement position" the disc cutter 31 faces the cabin space S ₁₂ (see FIG. 6A) and a position (movement).

  In the following description, the state where the cutter support unit 41 is rotated with respect to the rotation support unit 42 so that the disk cutter 31 is located at the excavation position is referred to as the “excavation position state” of the cutter support unit 41 (see FIG. 4A). The state in which the cutter support unit 41 is rotated with respect to the rotation support unit 42 so that the disk cutter 31 is located at the exchange position is referred to as the “exchange position state” of the cutter support unit 41 (see FIG. 6A).

  The cutter changing device 32 is provided with a lock mechanism (not shown) capable of stopping the rotation operation of the cutter support unit 41 with respect to the rotation support unit 42. Therefore, the disk cutter 31 is positioned (fixed) at the excavation position or the exchange position by maintaining the cutter support unit 41 in the excavation position or the exchange position by a lock mechanism (not shown) (see FIGS. 4A and 6A). When the lock mechanism is released, the cutter support unit 41 can rotate with respect to the rotation support unit 42, and the disk cutter 31 can move between the excavation position and the exchange position (see FIG. 5).

  Further, in the present embodiment, the cutter support unit 41 is rotated by approximately 90 ° with respect to the rotary support unit 42, thereby shifting between the excavation position state and the exchange position state. Of course, the tunnel excavator according to the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment, and the cutter support unit is rotated by a predetermined rotation angle other than 90 ° with respect to the rotary support unit to thereby perform the excavation position state and the exchange position state. May be performed.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A, the cutter support unit 41 includes a substantially spherical support main body 51 having a through hole 51a capable of accommodating the disk cutter 31, and a support groove formed by forming the disk cutter 31 in the through hole 51a. are schematic configuration of the pressing member 52 for fixing the (mounting seat) 51b, made a part of the supporting body 51 is accommodated in the rotation supporting unit 42 so as to face the front space S _100.

As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, through holes 51a, when the cutter supporting unit 41 is in the excavation position state (disk cutter 31 is positioned at the drilling site), opened to face the front space S ₁₀₀ with penetrating toward the tunnel behind (for communicating the front space S ₁₀₀ and the chamber S ₁₃₎ is formed as being larger than the disk-shaped cutter body portion 31a of the disc cutter 31.

  The support groove 51b is arranged close to one end side (upper side in FIG. 4A) of the through hole 51a, and is formed so that a cutter shaft portion 31b protruding on both axial sides of the disk cutter 31 can be installed. . The pressing member 52 is detachably fixed to the support main body 51 by a bolt or the like (not shown), so that the cutter shaft 31b (disk cutter 31) provided in the support groove 51b is supported by the support groove 51b (the support main body 51). ).

Thus, the disc cutter 31, through respect cutter shaft portion 31b which is fixed to the supporting groove 51b by the pressing member 52 via a bearing or the like (not shown), the cutter body portion 31a around the rotational axis C ₃₁ through its center The rotation is performed without interfering with the inner surface of the hole 51a.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A, a part of the disk cutter 31 mounted on the cutter support unit 41 is higher than that of the cutter support unit 41 (support body 51) and the head front wall 12a of the cutter head 12. projecting front space S ₁₀₀ side, it is possible to excavate the front of the natural ground, the cutter supporting so as not to interfere with peripheral members (rotation supporting unit 42, etc.) during rotational movement of the cutter supporting unit 41 of the outer peripheral surface thereof will be described later The outer peripheral surface of the unit 41 (support main body 51) (the peripheral surface during the rotation operation; see the two-dot chain line in FIG. 4A) is located on the inner peripheral side.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A, the rotation support unit 42 has a flat (substantially disc-shaped) front wall 61 that forms a part of the head front wall portion 12a, and protrudes rearward from the tunnel from the front wall 61. A cylindrical (substantially cylindrical) side wall 62 that covers the outer periphery of the cutter support unit 41 (support main body 51), and a flat plate (substantially disk-shaped) connected to an end of the side wall 62 on the rear side of the tunnel. It is roughly constituted by a rear wall 63.

  The front wall 61 and the rear wall 63 are respectively provided with a substantially circular front wall opening 61a and a substantially circular rear wall opening 63a, and the front wall 61 and the rear wall 63 are provided with the front wall opening 61a and the rear wall 63, respectively. At the peripheral edge of the wall opening 63a, the cutter support unit 41 (support main body 51) accommodated in the rotary support unit 42 is brought into contact (sliding contact).

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4B, bearing portions 64, 65 on which the rotating shaft portions 53, 54 of the cutter support unit 41 are fitted are provided on the side wall 62, and the cutter support unit 41 has a bearing portion. is rotatably supported about the rotation axis C ₄₁ passing through the center of the 64 and 65. Incidentally, one of the rotating shaft portion 53 of the cutter supporting unit 41 is protruded on board the space S ₁₂ through the one bearing portion 64 in the rotation supporting unit 42 is connected to the rotating mechanism 43 to be described later. Here, the rotation shaft portion 53 protrudes on board the space S ₁₂ through the bearing portion 64, by providing the sealing member (not shown) to the bearing section 64, seal between the cabin space S ₁₂ and the cutter supporting unit 41 It is designed to maintain water.

As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the side wall 62 is disposed substantially at the center of the bearing portions 64 and 65 along the outer peripheral surface thereof, and corresponds to the through hole 51 a of the cutter support unit 41 in the exchange position. Cylindrical members (isolation members) 66 and 67 are provided. Tubular members 66 and 67 is for forming the replacement work space S ₃₁ for exchanging disks cutter 31, at the periphery of one end thereof, the cutter supporting unit 41 (support body portion 51) and Taise' (sliding Contact). Here, the replacement work space S ₃₁ is the space within the tubular members 66 and 67, when the cutter supporting unit 41 is in the exchange position state (disk cutter 31 is positioned at the exchange position), through which is a space communicating with the space (hole space) S ₄₁ in the hole 51a (see FIGS. and FIG. 6A 6B).

Communication with the replacing work space S ₃₁ and the hole in the space S ₄₁ is switched by rotation of the cutter supporting unit 41 with respect to the rotation supporting unit 42, replacement work space S _31, when the cutter supporting unit 41 is in the excavation position state to be isolated from the Ananai space S ₄₁ (see FIGS. 4A and 4B), the cutter supporting unit 41 is communicated with Ananai space S ₄₁ when in the exchange position state (see FIGS. and FIG. 6A 6B).

Further, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the cylindrical members 66 and 67, a and a replacement work space S ₃₁ and cabin space S ₁₂ isolatable (possible closing the other end of the tubular member 66 and 67) Cover members (isolation members) 68 and 69 are provided. Communication with the replacing work space S ₃₁ and cabin space S ₁₂ are switched by the opening and closing operation of the cover member 68 and 69, replacement work space S _31, in the exchange position state of the cutter supporting unit 41, the cover member 68 and 69 There communicates with the cabin space S ₁₂ when isolated from the cabin space S ₁₂ (see Figures and Figure 6A 6B), the cover member 68 and 69 is open door when it is closing (not shown). The sealing may be ensured by interposing a sealing member (not shown) between the tubular members 66 and 67 and the lid members 68 and 69.

Thus, the disc cutter 31 located to the replacement position (hole space S _41), when the lid member 68 and 69 are door opening, through the replacement work space S _31, so as to face the cabin space S ₁₂ ing. That is, the operator of the machine space S _12, when the cutter supporting unit 41 is in the exchange position state (disk cutter 31 is positioned at the replacement position) by door opening the lid member 68, 69, through the replacement work space S _31, to access the disk cutter 31 supported by the cutter supporting unit 41 (facing the hole in the space S ₄₁₎ can be.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A, the cutter replacement unit 32 includes a cutter support unit 41 (support body 51), a front wall 61 (peripheral edge of the front wall opening 61 a), and a rear wall 63 (rear wall opening). First seal members 71 and 72 are provided to seal the gap between the first seal members 71 and 72). The first seal members 71 and 72 are provided on the front wall 61 and the rear wall 63 and are in contact (sliding contact) with the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit 41 (the support main body 51). The cutter support unit 41 is formed in a substantially annular shape along the peripheral edge of the front wall opening 61a and the peripheral edge of the rear wall opening 63a so as to be disposed at the peripheral edge of the through hole 51a.

Therefore, according to the first seal members 71 and 72, when the cutter support unit 41 is in the excavation position state (when the disk cutter 31 is located in the excavation position), the peripheral portion of the front wall opening 61a and the rear edge thereof are formed. periphery of the wall opening 63a (i.e., the periphery of the through hole 51a) performs waterproofing in, it is possible to prevent the inflow of drilling sediment to flight space S ₁₂ from the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S _13.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the cutter exchanging device 32 has a second seal that seals a gap between the cutter support unit 41 (the support main body 51) and the peripheral edge of one end of the cylindrical members 66 and 67. Two seal members 73 and 74 are provided. The second seal members 73 and 74 are provided on the cylindrical members 66 and 67 and are in contact (sliding contact) with the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit 41 (support main body 51). It is formed in a substantially annular shape along the peripheral edge at one end of the tubular members 66 and 67 so as to be disposed at the peripheral edge of the through hole 51a in the support unit 41.

Therefore, according to the second seal members 73 and 74, when the cutter support unit 41 is in the replacement position state (when the disk cutter 31 is located in the replacement position), the peripheral edge of one end of the tubular members 66 and 67 is provided. parts (i.e., the periphery of the through hole 51a) performs waterproofing in, preventing the flow of drilling sediment to flight space S ₁₂ from the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₃ (for water stopping) can.

  As described above, the first seal members 71 and 72 and the second seal members 73 and 74 are provided to share the sealing function, and the sealing function when the cutter support unit 41 is in the excavation position state is provided by the first sealing member. The sealing function when the cutter support unit 41 is in the replacement position is provided by the second seal members 73 and 74 when the cutter support unit 41 is in the replacement position. In this case, the load on the first seal members 71 and 72 and the second seal members 73 and 74 is reduced, and the reliability as the seal member is improved, as compared with the case where the sealing function is provided in both cases (prior art). Can be done.

  In addition, the first seal members 71 and 72 and the second seal members 73 and 74 are provided to share the sealing function, and the relative positional relationship between the cutter support unit 41 and the rotation support unit 42 in the excavation position state is taken into consideration. By arranging the first seal members 71, 72 and arranging the second seal members 73, 74 in consideration of the relative positional relationship between the cutter support unit 41 and the rotation support unit 42 in the exchange position state, the excavation is performed. The degree of freedom in design can be improved as compared with the case where one seal member is arranged in consideration of both the position state and the exchange position state (prior art).

Of course, even when the cutter support unit 41 is in the replacement position state, the first seal members 71 and 72 are brought into contact (sliding contact) with the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit 41 (the support main body 51) to form a front space. prevent the inflow of drilling sediment to flight space S ₁₂ from S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₃ may be what can (water cutoff to) that (see FIG. 6A), also the second seal member 73, 74, even when the cutter supporting unit 41 is in the excavation position state, and the outer peripheral surface Taise' of the cutter support unit 41 (support body portion 51) (sliding), cabin space S ₁₂ from the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₃ It is also possible to prevent the inflow of excavated earth and sand into the soil (stop water) (see FIGS. 4A and 4B).

  Even when the sealing function of the first sealing members 71, 72 and the second sealing members 73, 74 is extended in this way, the sealing function in both the excavation position state and the replacement position state can be achieved with only one sealing member. As compared to the case where the load is applied (prior art), the load on the first seal members 71 and 72 and the second seal members 73 and 74 can be reduced, and the reliability as the seal members can be improved.

  When the sealing function of the first seal members 71 and 72 and the second seal members 73 and 74 is expanded as described above, the disk support unit 41 is in the replacement position and the disk cutter 31 is replaced. (When the lid members 68, 69 are opened), the sealing function is ensured by the double sealing mechanism of the first sealing members 71, 72 and the second sealing members 73, 74. (See FIG. 6A), and when the cutter support unit 41 is in the excavation position state and the tunnel excavator 1 is excavating, the first seal members 71 and 72 and the second seal members 73 and 74 are provided. The sealing function can be secured by the triple sealing mechanism of the cover member 68 and the lid member 69 (see FIG. 4A).

When the cutter support unit 41 is rotating with respect to the rotation support unit 42 (the disc cutter 31 is located between the excavation position and the exchange position and is moving between both positions), the cover member 68 , it is possible to surely prevent the inflow of drilling sediment to flight space S ₁₂ from the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₃ (for water cutoff) by 69 (see FIG. 5). Of course, in the meantime, to prevent the inflow of drilling sediment to flight space S ₁₂ from the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₃ by at least one of the first seal member 71 or the second seal member 73 (sealing The arrangement, configuration, and the like may be changed so that water can be applied. In this case, the configuration of the lid members 68 and 69 can be omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A, the cutter exchanging device 32 is provided with an extension pipe 44 projecting from the rear wall 63 to the rear of the tunnel. The extension pipe 44 has a peripheral edge such that one end thereof (the end on the front side of the tunnel and the upper end in FIGS. 3 and 4A) covers the rear wall opening 63a of the rear wall 63. The other end (the end on the rear side of the tunnel, which is the lower end in FIGS. 3 and 4A) covers the head opening 12c formed in the head rear wall 12b. Are connected near the periphery thereof.

Therefore, when the disc cutter 31 is tunnel boring machine 1 located at the drilling site is excavation is space (tube space) of the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₃ and the space S ₄₁ and extending設管44 holes S communicates via the _44, the drilling earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 12 (the disk cutter 31), without staying in the rear of the disk cutter 31, through and the tube space S ₄₄ these holes space S ₄₁ adapted to be incorporated into the chamber S _13. That is, the hole in the space S ₄₁ and the tube space S ₄₄ is excavated soil is adapted to function as a flow path to capture sediment to be distributed (soil incorporation channel).

As shown in FIG. 3, the rotation mechanism 43 has a schematic configuration including a rotation lever 81 fitted (fixed) to one rotation shaft 53 of the cutter support unit 41 and an actuator 82 connected to the rotation lever 81. It is, by operating the actuator 82, through the rotation lever 81, so that the cutter supporting unit 41 is rotated about the rotational axis C _41.

  The actuator 82 may be any actuator that can rotate the cutter support unit 41 with respect to the rotation support unit 42 (the cutter head 12) via the rotation lever 81. For example, the actuator 82 is mechanically connected to the rotation lever 81. Hydraulic cylinder, or a motor connected to the rotary lever 81 via a gear mechanism, or the like.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the cutter exchanging device 32 disposed at the center in the radial direction of the tunnel excavator 1 has a head located at the rear of the extension pipe 44 behind the tunnel in consideration of a rotary joint (not shown) and the like. A second extension pipe 45 that is inclined radially outward from the opening 12c toward the rear of the tunnel is provided.

Therefore, the cutter changer 32 arranged in the radial center of the tunnel boring machine 1, the cutter supporting unit 41 is in the excavation position state (disk cutter 31 is positioned at the drilling site) Sometimes, the front space S ₁₀₀ the chamber S _13, communicates via a space (a second pipe space) S ₄₅ the hole in the space S ₄₁ and pipe space S ₄₄ in the second extending設管45, a plurality of disk cutters 31 excavated excavated soil is adapted to be incorporated into the chamber S ₁₃ through the hole in the space S ₄₁ and pipe space S ₄₄ and the second tube space S _45.

  Here, the cutter exchanging device 32 disposed at the center in the radial direction of the tunnel excavator 1 holds the plurality of disk cutters 31 at the same time (in a lump) in a direction in which the disk cutters 31 are continuously connected (in the radial direction). 1 (in the vertical direction in FIG. 1) (a single disk cutter 31 may be held).

  Of course, even if the cutter exchanging device 32 is arranged at a position other than the center of the tunnel excavator 1 in the radial direction, the cutter exchanging device 32 has a long shape in the direction in which the disk cutters 31 are connected so that the plurality of disk cutters 31 are held simultaneously (collectively). May be formed. In FIG. 2, in addition to the cutter exchanging device 32 arranged at the center in the radial direction of the tunnel excavator 1, four disc exchanging devices 32 are configured to simultaneously hold (collectively) two disk cutters 31.

  The operation of the tunnel excavator according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6B.

The tunnel excavator 1 excavates the ground in front by operating the cutter driving motor 23 and rotatingly driving the cutter head 12 via the ring gear 22 and the intermediate beam 21 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). Then, the excavated earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 12, fetches the chamber S ₁₃ through a hole in the space S ₄₁ and pipe space S ₄₄ (and the second pipe space S ₄₅₎ as well as not shown sand inlet, screw conveyor After being conveyed backward by 14, it is discharged to the outside by a belt conveyor or the like (not shown).

Here, at the time of excavation (during excavation), the disk cutter 31 is located at the excavation position, and the cutter support unit 41 connects the through hole 51a between the front wall opening 61a and the rear wall opening 63a (front space). S ₁₀₀ via the space S ₄₁ communicating with the tube space S ₄₄ and chamber S ₁₃ hole) as in deployed drilling site state (see FIGS. 3, 4A and 4B). Therefore, excavation of boulders and bedrock by the disk cutter 31 is performed, and the excavated earth and sand excavated by the disk cutter 31 is a hole space S ₄₁ and a pipe space S ₄₄ that are sediment intake flow paths formed behind the disk cutter 31. are directly incorporated into the chamber S ₁₃ through.

  That is, the excavated earth and sand does not stay behind the disk cutter 31, and the flowability of the excavated earth and sand around the disk cutter 31 is improved. Therefore, the resistance at the time of excavation can be reduced without being affected by clogging of the disk cutter 31 or the like, so that the excavation work (excavation work) by the tunnel excavator 1 can be performed favorably. Since the cutter support unit 41 is positioned (fixed) by a lock mechanism (not shown), the cutter support unit 41 is not rotated with respect to the rotation support unit 42 (cutter head 12) during excavation (during excavation).

  Then, when the excavation work (digging work) by the tunnel excavator 1 is continued and the disc cutter 31 is worn, the operation of the cutter drive motor 23 (rotation drive of the cutter head 12) is stopped, and the disc is driven in the following procedure. The cutter 31 is replaced.

  First, the lock mechanism (not shown) of the cutter support unit 41 is released, and the cutter support unit 41 is rotated with respect to the rotation support unit 42 (cutter head 12) via the rotation lever 81 by the operation of the actuator 82 (see FIG. 5). .

  Then, the cutter support unit 41 is rotated by a predetermined angle (approximately 90 ° in this embodiment) with respect to the rotation support unit 42 (cutter head 12), and the disk cutter 31 is positioned at the replacement position. 41 is fixed (positioned) by a lock mechanism (not shown) (see FIGS. 6A and 6B).

  Subsequently, one lid member 68 is opened, the holding member 52 is removed, and the used disk cutter 31 is removed from the support groove 51b. Then, a new disk cutter 31 is fitted into the supporting groove 51b, and the holding member 52 is inserted. Attach.

  At this time, it is also possible to open the other lid member 69 and perform the work of removing and attaching the disk cutter 31 (auxiliary work) and other work. Since the cutter support unit 41 is positioned (fixed) by a lock mechanism (not shown), the cutter support unit 41 is not rotated with respect to the rotation support unit 42 (cutter head 12) when the cutter is replaced.

  Next, a new disc cutter 31 is positioned at the excavation position by a procedure reverse to the procedure described above.

  That is, after the lid member 68 is closed, the lock mechanism (not shown) of the cutter support unit 41 is released, and the cutter support unit 41 is moved to the rotation support unit 42 (cutter head 12) via the rotation lever 81 by the operation of the actuator 82. After rotating the disk cutter 31 at a predetermined angle (about 90 ° in this embodiment) to position the disk cutter 31 at the excavation position, the cutter support unit 41 is fixed (positioned) by a lock mechanism (not shown) (FIGS. 4A to 6B). reference). If the other lid member 69 has been opened, the lid member 69 is closed together with the lid member 68, and the above-described procedure is performed.

  With the above procedure, the replacement work of the disk cutter 31 is completed, and the excavation work (digging work) by the tunnel excavator 1 is restarted.

Rotational movement of the cutter supporting unit 41 described above, i.e., during the movement between the two positions of the replacement position and drilling position of the disk cutter 31, the lid member 68, the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₃ and flight are cut off communication with the space S _12, rotation of the cutter supporting unit 41 described above, i.e., can be moved between the two positions of the replacement position and drilling position of the disk cutter 31 safely. Of course, by appropriately disposing at least one of the first seal members 71, 72 or the second seal members 73, 74, at least one of the first seal members 71, 72 or the second seal members 73, 74 is provided. Thus, the sealing function during the rotation operation of the cutter support unit 41 may be ensured.

During the opening and closing operations of the lid members 68 and 69 and during the replacement of the disk cutter 31, the second seal members 73 and 74 (or the first seal members 71 and 72 and the second the sealing member 73, 74) of which is cut off communication with the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₃ and cabin space S _12, the opening and closing operation of the cover member 68 and 69 described above, and the exchange of the disc cutter 31 Work can be done safely.

According to the tunnel boring machine according to the present embodiment, it is possible to safely replace the flight space S ₁₂ the disc cutter 31 by the cutter changer 32, sediment capture flow for communicating the front space S ₁₀₀ and the chamber S ₁₃ it is possible to further improve the flow of drilling soil behind the disc cutter 31 (incorporation performance to the chamber S ₁₃₎ by the road.

By rotation of the cutter supporting unit 41, the communication with the front space S ₁₀₀ and the chamber S ₁₃ at the time of excavation (sand capturing function), the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₃ and the hole in the space S ₄₁ at the time of the cutter replacement it is possible to switch the communication with the cut-off state and replacing work space S ₃₁ and the hole in the space S ₄₁ of, as well as reducing component, such as a conventional knife gate valves, the cutter exchange apparatus 32 with a simple structure that Can be.

Furthermore, by sharing the sealing function is provided with the first seal member 71 and the second seal member 73, the front space during drilling and during the cutter replacement S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₃ and flight space S _The communication with the second seal member ₁₂ can be reliably blocked, and the load on the first seal members 71, 72 and the second seal members 73, 74 can be reduced, thereby improving the reliability of the seal members.

  Here, the first seal members 71 and 72 are detachable from the front wall 61 and the rear wall 63, and the second seal members 73 and 74 are detachable from the tubular members 66 and 67. The first seal members 71 and 72 and the second seal members 73 and 74 are replaceable, so that the reliability of the seal members can be further improved. Note that the second seal members 73 and 74 have a sealing function at the time of excavation (when the cutter support unit 41 is in the excavation position state) by the first seal members 71 and 72. It can be replaced by opening the lid members 68, 69.

[Example 2]
Second Embodiment A structure of a tunnel excavator according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The tunnel excavator according to the present embodiment has a configuration similar to that of the tunnel excavator according to the first embodiment of the present invention, except that a seal movable mechanism is additionally provided in the cutter exchanging device. Therefore, a duplicate description of the same configuration as in the first embodiment in the tunnel excavator according to the present embodiment will be appropriately omitted.

As shown in FIG. 7, the cutter replacement device 132 rotates the cutter support unit 141 with respect to the rotation support unit 142 by a rotation mechanism (corresponding to the rotation mechanism 43 in the first embodiment) (not shown) to support the cutter support unit 141. position disc cutter 131 to the drilling position and the exchange position shifts the unit 141 to the drilling position state and exchange position state while (moved), the front space through the through hole 151a (hole space S ₁₄₁₎ S ₁₀₀ and chamber S communication with the _113, and is capable of switching the communication state between the disconnected state and replacing work space S ₁₃₁ and the hole in the space S ₁₄₁ of the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₁₃ and the hole in the space S _141.

  The rotation support unit 142 is provided with a front wall 161, a side wall 162, and a rear wall 163 so as to rotatably support the cutter support unit 141, and the side wall 162 has a cutter support unit 141 in an exchange position state. The cylindrical members 166 and 167 corresponding to the through holes 151a are provided.

  The cylindrical members 166 and 167 have cylindrical ends 191a and 192a at one ends of which can be brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit 141, and a radial direction from the other ends of the main bodies 191a and 192a. It is schematically constituted by flange portions 191b and 192b extending outward.

Here, the second sealing members 173, 174 capable of sealing the gap between the cutter support unit 141 and the cylindrical members 166, 167 (the main body portions 191a, 192a) are provided at the peripheral edge of one end of the main body portions 191a, 192a. is provided, the flange portion 191b, the end face of the 192b, replacement work space S ₁₃₁ and flight space S ₁₁₂ and the possible isolation (possible closing the other end of the tubular member 166, 167) of the cover member 168 and 169 Is provided.

  Further, rod-shaped screw members 193, 194 are provided on the side wall 162 so as to protrude radially outward of the side wall 162. The screw members 193, 194 are provided with flange portions 191b, 191b of cylindrical members 166, 167, respectively. 192b is slidably engaged, and nuts 195 and 196 are screwed on both sides of the flange portions 191b and 192b in the sliding direction.

  Therefore, when the nuts 195 and 196 are rotated with respect to the screw members 193 and 194, the nuts 195 and 196 are moved in the extending direction of the screw members 193 and 194 (the left and right direction in FIG. 7), The cylindrical members 166 and 167 (the flange portions 191b and 192b) are pressed by the nuts 195 and 196 and moved in the same direction.

  In other words, by moving the tubular members 166 and 167 by the operation (rotation) of the nuts 195 and 196, the peripheral portions at one end of the main body portions 191a and 192a, that is, the second seal members 173 and 174 are moved to the outer periphery of the cutter support unit 141. It can be moved toward and away from the surface. Seal members 197 and 198 are interposed between the side wall 162 and the cylindrical members 166 and 167, and between the cylindrical members 166 and 167 and the lid members 168 and 169, respectively. Is secured.

Therefore, when the cutter support unit 141 is in the replacement position state (the disk cutter 131 is located in the replacement position), the second seal members 173 and 174 are in close contact with (close to and in contact with) the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit 141. by) is to be reliably prevented (water shut-off the flow of drilling sediment to flight space S ₁₁₂ from the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₁₃ during cutter exchange) can (see FIG. 7).

  On the other hand, when rotating the cutter support unit 141 with respect to the rotation support unit 142 (moving the disk cutter 131 between the excavation position and the replacement position), the second seal members 173 and 174 are moved to the cutter support unit. By separating (separating) from the outer peripheral surface of 141, wear and damage due to friction between second seal members 173 and 174 and the outer peripheral surface of cutter support unit 141 (particularly, interference with corners of through hole 151a and the like). Can be prevented (see FIG. 8).

In addition, even when the cutter support unit 141 is in the excavation position state (the disk cutter 131 is located in the excavation position), the second seal members 173 and 174 are in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit 141 (approaching and approaching). Taise') is allowed even better, thereby reliably preventing (water shut-off the flow of drilling sediment to flight space S ₁₁₂ from the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₁₁₃ even during excavation) may be (Fig. 7 reference).

  According to the tunnel excavator according to the present embodiment, in addition to the function and effect of the tunnel excavator according to the first embodiment, a seal that allows the second seal members 173 and 174 to approach and separate from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit 141. With the provision of the movable mechanism, wear and damage of the second seal members 173 and 174 can be suppressed.

  In the present embodiment, the second seal members 173 and 174 are moved closer to and away from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit 141 by the cylindrical members 166 and 167, the nuts 195 and 196, and the screw members 193 and 194. It constitutes a seal moving mechanism. Here, the nuts 195 and 196 correspond to an operation unit that moves the cylindrical members 166 and 167 such that the peripheral edge of one end of the cylindrical members 166 and 167 approaches and separates from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit 141. The screw members 193 and 194 correspond to guide portions that engage with the tubular members 166 and 167 to guide the movement of the tubular members 166 and 167.

  Of course, a separate seal movable mechanism (not shown) is provided for moving the first seals 171 and 172 that seal the gap between the cutter support unit 141 and the front wall 161 toward and away from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit 141. You may do it. By providing such a separate seal mechanism, wear and damage of the first seals 171 and 172 can be suppressed.

  The tunnel excavator according to the present invention is not limited to the one in which the cutter support units 41 and 141 (the support main bodies 51 and 151) are formed in a substantially spherical shape as in the first and second embodiments described above. The cutter support unit in the tunnel excavator according to the present invention may be any structure as long as it can rotate with respect to the rotary support unit. For example, the support body is formed in a cylindrical shape along the through hole, and the end face of the support body is May be formed in a spherical shape and brought into sliding contact with the rotation support unit. Further, the support main body is formed in a cylindrical or cylindrical shape along the rotation axis of the cutter support unit (having an axis perpendicular to the axis of the through hole), and the peripheral surface of the support main body slides with the rotation support unit. You may make it contact.

  Further, the tunnel excavator according to the present invention rotates the cutter supporting units 41 and 141 around the rotation axis parallel to the rotation axes of the disk cutters 31 and 131 as in the first and second embodiments described above. However, the present invention is not limited to this. As the cutter supporting unit in the tunnel excavator according to the present invention, the supported disk cutter may be rotatable with respect to the rotary supporting unit without interfering with other members. It may be configured to rotate around a rotation axis extending in a direction (for example, a direction orthogonal to) that is not parallel to (conforms with a predetermined angle to).

  Further, the tunnel excavator according to the present invention is not limited to the one provided with the extension pipes 44 and 144 protruding from the rear wall rear of the rear walls 63 and 163 as in the first and second embodiments. For example, by providing the rear walls 63, 163 in close contact with the head rear wall portions 12b, 112b, or by configuring the rear walls 63, 163 as a part of the head rear wall portions 12b, 112b, the extension pipe 44, 163 is formed. 144 can be omitted.

  Further, the tunnel excavator according to the present invention includes a plurality of tubular members 66, 67, 166, 167 and lid members 68, 69, 168, 169, as in the first and second embodiments described above. It is not limited to. For example, by forming the other cylindrical members 67 and 167 which are not indispensable for the exchange work of the disk cutters 31 and 131 into a bottomed (closed) cylindrical shape, the other lid members 69 and 169 can be omitted. it can. Further, the side walls 62 and 162 may be formed along the outer peripheral surfaces of the support main bodies 51 and 151, and the cylindrical members 66, 67, 166 and 167 may be omitted.

  In addition, the tunnel excavator according to the present invention is not limited to the tunnel excavator according to the first and second embodiments described above, and various modifications are possible. As a cutter exchanging device in the tunnel excavator according to the present invention, For example, a mechanism provided with a movable disk cutter (cutter movable mechanism) may be provided.

  Here, FIGS. 9 and 10 show configuration examples in which the cutter exchanging device is provided with a mechanism for making the disk cutter movable. The configuration example shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is different from the cutter exchange device 32 in the first embodiment or the cutter exchange device 132 in the second embodiment in that a cutter exchange mechanism including a cutter movable mechanism that makes a disk cutter movable. The same as the cutter exchanging device 32 in the first embodiment or the cutter exchanging device 132 in the second embodiment described above except that a cutter movable mechanism for making the disk cutter movable is additionally provided. It has a configuration. Therefore, in the following, redundant description of the same configuration as in the above-described first or second embodiment will be appropriately omitted.

As shown in FIG. 9, the cutter exchanging device 232 shifts the cutter support unit 241 to the excavation position state and the exchange position state by rotating the cutter support unit 241 with respect to the rotation support unit 242 by the rotation mechanism 243. and thereby positioning the disk cutter 231 to the drilling position and the replacement position (movement), the communication with the front space S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₂₁₃ via the through holes 251-1A (hole space S _241), and, the front space is capable of switching the communication with the S ₁₀₀ and chamber S ₂₁₃ and cut-off state and replacing the hole in the space S ₂₄₁ space S ₂₃₁ and the hole in the space S _241.

The cutter supporting unit 241, a part of which supporting body 251-1 of substantially spherical accommodated in the rotation supporting unit 242 is provided so as to face the front space S _100, to the supporting body 251 - , when the cutter supporting unit 241 is in the excavation position state (disk cutter 231 is positioned at the drilling site), to penetrate toward the tunnel behind with opening faces the front space S ₁₀₀ (front space S ₁₀₀ And the chamber S ₂₁₃ ) are formed.

  The cutter support unit 241 has a support slide portion 251-2 which detachably supports the disk cutter 231 and can slide in a slide groove 251-1b formed in the through hole 251-1a. A hydraulic cylinder 255 that slides (moves) the support sliding portion 251-2 with respect to the support main body 251-1 (the through hole 251-1a and the slide groove 251-1b) is provided.

The support sliding portion 251-2 is formed with a through hole 251-2a capable of accommodating the cutter body 231a of the disk cutter 231 and a support groove 251-2b capable of installing the cutter shaft 231b of the disk cutter 231. In the disk cutter 231, the cutter main body 231 a is rotated about the rotation axis C _{231 with} respect to the cutter shaft 231 b fixed to the support groove 251-2 b by the pressing member 252.

  Therefore, when the hydraulic cylinder 255 expands and contracts, the support sliding portion 251-2 moves along the sliding groove 251-1b (vertically in FIG. 9).

  That is, by sliding (moving) the support sliding portion 251-2 by the expansion and contraction operation of the hydraulic cylinder 255, the disk cutter 231 is moved relative to the support main body 251-1 and the front wall 261 (head front wall portion 212a). Can appear.

  Therefore, when the cutter support unit 241 is in the excavation position state (the disc cutter 231 is located in the excavation position), the hydraulic cylinder 255 is extended, and the range of the rotation locus of the cutter support unit 241 with respect to the rotation support unit 242 (FIG. 9 (see a two-dot chain line), at least a position where at least a part of the disk cutter 231 protrudes (see FIG. 10), that is, the disk cutter 231 is supported by the support main body 251-1 and the front wall 261 (the head front wall 212a). ), The boulder or rock can be excavated by the disk cutter 231.

On the other hand, when rotating the cutter support unit 241 relative to the rotation support unit 242 (moving the disk cutter 231 between the excavation position and the replacement position), the hydraulic cylinder 255 is reduced in length, and the rotation support unit is rotated. The disk cutter 231 is set to a storage position in which the entirety of the disk cutter is stored within the range of the rotation locus of the cutter support unit with respect to (i.e., FIG. 9). That is, by storing the disk cutter 231 in the support main body 251-1, The cutter support unit 241 can be rotated around the rotation axis C ₂₄₁ without the disk cutter 231 interfering with the peripheral members (such as the rotation support unit 242).

Also, when the cutter support unit 241 is in the exchange position state (the disk cutter 231 is located in the exchange position), the hydraulic cylinder 255 is extended to project the disk cutter 231 from the support main body 251-1. By doing so, an operator in the in-machine space _S212 can easily access the disk cutter 231 supported by the cutter support unit 241 (not shown).

  In addition, a lock mechanism (not shown) is provided to maintain the state where the hydraulic cylinder 255 is extended to extrude the disk cutter 231 during excavation (excavation state), and the hydraulic cylinder 255 is contracted to accommodate the disk cutter 231 during rotation. The state (housed state) may be maintained, and the state (extended state) in which the hydraulic cylinder 255 is extended and the disk cutter 231 is projected at the time of replacement (replaced state) may be maintained.

  At this time, the digging state, the housed state, and the exchange state of the disk cutter 231 may be locked and unlocked by the same lock mechanism (not shown). May be locked and unlocked by separate lock mechanisms (not shown).

  As described above, the state of excavation of the disk cutter 231 can be maintained by the lock mechanism (not shown), thereby preventing the disk cutter 231 from retreating during excavation and reducing the load applied to the hydraulic cylinder 255. In addition, the storage state and the replacement state of the disk cutter 231 can be maintained by a lock mechanism (not shown), thereby preventing a malfunction due to a malfunction of the hydraulic cylinder 255 during rotation of the cutter support unit 241 and replacement of the disk cutter 231. be able to.

As described above, by employing the cutter exchanging device 232 including the cutter movable mechanism that makes the disk cutter 231 movable, the disk cutter 231 is brought closer to the rotation center of the cutter support unit 241 when the cutter support unit 241 rotates. since the distance between the rotation axis C ₂₄₁ of the rotating shaft C ₂₃₁ and the cutter supporting unit 241 of the disk cutter 231 for short) can be can be configured smaller cutter supporting unit 241. That is, according to the cutter movable mechanism, in addition to the operation and effect of the tunnel excavator according to the first and second embodiments described above, the shape and dimensions of the cutter support unit 241 (the cutter replacement device 232) are reduced (downsized). Accordingly, the degree of freedom in the arrangement of the cutter exchanging device 232 in the tunnel excavator can be improved.

  The tunnel excavator according to the present invention includes a disc cutter capable of excavating boulders and bedrock, and a cutter exchanging device capable of exchanging the disc cutter in the machine. The present invention can be applied to various tunnel excavators such as a tunnel boring machine (TBM), an earth pressure shield excavator, and a mud pressure shield excavator.

1 tunnel excavator 11 skin plate (excavator body)
12 Cutter Head 12a Head Front Wall 12b Head Rear Wall 12c Head Opening 13 Bulk Head 14 Screw Conveyor 21 Intermediate Beam 22 Ring Gear 23 Cutter Drive Motor 31 Disk Cutter 31a Cutter Body 31b Cutter Shaft 32 Cutter Exchanger 41 Cutter Support Unit 42 Rotation support unit 43 Rotation mechanism 44 Extension pipe 45 Second extension pipe 51 Support main body 51a Through hole 51b Support groove 52 Holding member 53, 54 Rotation shaft 61 Front wall 61a Front wall opening 62 Side wall 63 Rear Wall 63a Rear wall openings 64, 65 Bearings 66, 67 Cylindrical member (isolation member)
68, 69 Lid member (isolation member)
71, 72 First seal member 73, 74 Second seal member 81 Rotary lever 82 Actuator C ₃₁ Rotary axis C of disk cutter ₄₁ Rotary axis S of cutter support unit ₁₂ Internal space of cutter head (internal space of tunnel excavator) )
S ₁₃ rear space (chamber)
S ₃₁ Exchange work space S ₄₁ Hole space S ₄₄ Pipe space S ₄₅ Second pipe space S ₁₀₀ Front space (space on the ground side)

Claims (7)

A cylindrical skin plate, a cutter head rotatably provided at a front portion of the skin plate, a disk cutter provided on the cutter head, and a cutter exchanging device for exchanging the disk cutter in the machine. A tunnel excavator,
A cutter support unit that detachably supports the disk cutter; a rotation support unit that is fixed to the cutter head and rotatably supports the cutter support unit; the cutter support unit and the rotation support A sealing member that seals the gap between the unit and
The cutter supporting unit has a through-hole capable of accommodating the disk cutter, and the rotating mechanism is configured such that the disk cutter is positioned at an excavation position at which the ground in front can be excavated and an exchange position at which the disk cutter can be exchanged in the machine. Rotates with respect to the support unit,
The through hole, when the disc cutter is located at the excavation position, communicates a front space located on the front side of the cutter head and a rear space located on the rear side of the cutter head,
The seal member has a first seal member disposed at a peripheral portion of the through hole when the disc cutter is located at the excavation position, and a first seal member disposed at a peripheral portion of the through hole when the disc cutter is located at the exchange position. And a second seal member disposed at a peripheral portion of the through hole. An isolation member is provided to isolate a replacement working space, which is separated from the front space and the rear space by the second seal member and faces the disc cutter at the replacement position, from an in-machine space in the cutter head. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein The isolation member is a tubular member having one end in contact with the periphery of the through hole corresponding to the through hole when the disk cutter is located at the replacement position, and the other end of the tubular member can be closed. The tunnel excavator according to claim 2, further comprising a cover member. The separating member includes a tubular member having one end in contact with one peripheral edge of the through hole on one side of the through hole when the disc cutter is located at the replacement position, and the tubular member. A cover member capable of closing the other end thereof, and a bottomed one end which is in contact with the peripheral edge of the other side of the through hole on one side corresponding to the other side of the through hole when the disc cutter is located at the replacement position. The tunnel excavator according to claim 2, comprising a tubular member. 5. A seal movable mechanism capable of moving at least one of the first seal member and the second seal member toward and away from an outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit. A tunnel excavator according to any one of the preceding claims. The seal moving mechanism moves the second seal member toward and away from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit, and corresponds to the through hole when the disc cutter is located at the replacement position. A cylindrical member whose one end is in contact with the peripheral edge of the through hole, and an operation unit that moves the cylindrical member such that the peripheral edge of one end of the cylindrical member approaches and separates from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter support unit. A guide that engages with the tubular member to guide the movement of the tubular member,
The tunnel excavator according to claim 5, wherein the second seal member is provided at a peripheral edge of one end of the tubular member. A cutter movable mechanism provided on the cutter support unit, the cutter movable mechanism capable of moving the disk cutter with respect to the cutter support unit;
The cutter movable mechanism is configured such that a storage position where the entire disc cutter is accommodated within a range of the rotation locus of the cutter support unit with respect to the rotation support unit, and a range of the rotation locus of the cutter support unit with respect to the rotation support unit. The tunnel excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the disc cutter is moved between a position where at least a part of the disc cutter projects and a position where the disc cutter projects.

Images