JP2020029046A - 積層シート - Google Patents
積層シート Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2020029046A JP2020029046A JP2018156312A JP2018156312A JP2020029046A JP 2020029046 A JP2020029046 A JP 2020029046A JP 2018156312 A JP2018156312 A JP 2018156312A JP 2018156312 A JP2018156312 A JP 2018156312A JP 2020029046 A JP2020029046 A JP 2020029046A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- porous layer
- laminated sheet
- sheet
- less
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Abstract
Description
無機繊維および炭化繊維の少なくとも1つを複数本含む第1多孔質層と、複数本の有機繊維で形成される第2多孔質層とを有する積層シートであって、
積層シートの面密度は、400g/m2以上1550g/m2以下であり、
前記第2多孔質層は、平均繊維径が0.5μm以上14μm以下の有機繊維で形成され、
前記第2多孔質層の単位体積に占める固体と空隙の全体積を100%とすると、前記固体の割合が1.0%以上8.0%以下である。
耐燃繊維シート1としては、大阪製作所社製の炭化繊維フェルト(商品名:PC−400、厚さ:2.0mm、面密度:400g/m2、熱貫流率:20W/m2・K)を用いた。
有機繊維シート1は、図7に示す製造装置100を用いて製造した縦配向品である。有機繊維の原料としては、POLYMIRAE社製のポリプロピレン樹脂Moplen HP461Yを用いた。ポリプロピレン樹脂は、押出機にて250℃で溶融混練した後、ギアポンプを用いて2.9kg/hの吐出量でダイス110に送出した。ダイス110は予め250℃に加熱した。ダイス110としては、484個の樹脂ノズル111がY軸方向に0.72mmピッチで一列に並ぶものを用いた。各樹脂ノズル111の吐出方向はZ軸方向(より詳細には鉛直下方)であって、各樹脂ノズル111の吐出口の直径は0.2mmであった。各樹脂ノズル111のX軸方向両側には一対のガスノズル112が設けられており、各ガスノズル112における空気の流速は76m/secに設定し、各ガスノズル112における空気の温度は270℃に設定した。また、ダイス110と各コレクタ120との上下方向距離D(図7参照)は、400mmに設定した。2つのコレクタ120の間隔Wは55mmで一定であり、2つのコレクタ120による有機繊維シートの搬送速度Vは0.25m/minに設定した。
有機繊維シートの厚さは、有機繊維シートから切り出した試験片を台の水平な載置面に載せ、上方視で試験片の中心付近5点の厚さを厚みゲージで測定し、5点の測定値の算術平均値とした。試験片は、有機繊維シートの主表面に対し垂直な方向から見て縦100mm、横100mmの矩形状に切り出した。試験片は、試験片の切断面が台の載置面に対し垂直になるように、台の載置面に載せた。
スキン層の厚さは、有機繊維シートから切り出した試験片の2つのスキン層のそれぞれの3点の厚さを厚みゲージで測定し、6点の測定値の算術平均値とした。試験片は、有機繊維シートのY軸方向中央部(図7および図11参照)から、有機繊維シートの主表面に対し垂直な方向から見て縦100mm、横100mmの矩形状に切り出した。尚、一方のスキン層の3点の厚さの算術平均値と、他方のスキン層の3点の厚さの算術平均値とは、誤差の範囲で一致した。
有機繊維シートの平均繊維径は、有機繊維シートから切り出した試験片のSEM写真(走査型電子顕微鏡写真)の画像解析によって測定した。試験片は、有機繊維シートの主表面に対し垂直な方向から見て縦5mm、横10mmの矩形状に切り出した。試験片の平均繊維径を測定する切断面には、予めスパッタ装置を用いてPt膜を形成した。
スパッタ装置としては、真空デバイス社製のマグネトロンスパッタ装置MSP-15を用いた。電流値は30mAとし、蒸着時間は30秒間とした。
走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)としては、Phenom-World社製のproX PREMIUMIIを用いた。電子線のビームエネルギーは、10KeVとした。電子画像は、Phenom-World社製のPro SuiteフェノムアプリケーションシステムのAutomated Image Mappingを用い、1500倍の倍率で撮像場所を変えながら30枚取得した。
30枚の電子画像から合計1000箇所の繊維径を画像解析によって測定し、測定した繊維径の算術平均値を平均繊維径とした。画像解析には、Phenom-World社製のPro Suiteフェノムアプリケーションシステムのファイバーメトリックス機能を用いた。
有機繊維シートの固体占有率は、有機繊維シートのかさ密度(BD)を固体の真密度(TD)で除した値(BD/TD)に100を乗じた値(BD/TD×100)として求めた。
有機繊維シートのかさ密度(BD)は、有機繊維シートから切り出した試験片の質量を、試験片の体積で除すことにより得た。試験片は、有機繊維シートの主表面に対し垂直な方向から見て直径100.5mmの円形に切り出した。試験片の体積は、直径100.5mmの円形の面積と有機繊維シートの総厚さとを乗じることにより測定した。試験片の質量は、電子天秤で測定した。
固体の真密度としては、固体を構成する有機繊維の真密度を用いた。有機繊維の材料として用いたPOLYMIRAE社製のポリプロピレン樹脂Moplen HP461Yの真密度は、920kg/m3であった。
有機繊維シートの減衰定数(単位:Neper/m)は、日本音響エンジニアリング社製の垂直入射吸音率測定システムWinZacMTXを使用し、JIS A 1405−2に準拠して測定した。具体的には、固体占有率の測定に供した円柱状の試験片の片側の平面に対し垂直に音波を入射させ、音波の周波数を200Hzから1000Hzまで20Hzピッチで変化させたときのそれぞれの減衰定数を測定し、その41点の測定値の算術平均値を有機繊維シートの減衰定数とした。
尚、周波数が200Hz未満の減衰定数は、測定誤差が大きいため、測定の対象から除外した。
有機繊維シートの特性インピーダンス(単位:N・s/m3)は、減衰定数と同様に、日本音響エンジニアリング社製の垂直入射吸音率測定システムWinZacMTXを使用し、JIS A 1405−2に準拠して測定した。具体的には、固体占有率の測定に供した円柱状の試験片の片側の平面に対し垂直に音波を入射させ、音波の周波数を200Hzから1000Hzまで20Hzピッチで変化させたときのそれぞれの特性インピーダンス(より詳細には特性インピーダンスの実部)を測定し、その41点の測定値の算術平均値を有機繊維シートの特性インピーダンスとした。
例1では、1つの耐燃繊維シート1と1つの有機繊維シート1とを主表面同士を向い合せてホットメルトで接着することにより、試験シート1を作製した。例2では、例1と同様に、1つの耐燃繊維シート1と1つの有機繊維シート1とを主表面同士を向い合せてホットメルトで接着することにより、試験シート2を作製した。例3では、2つの耐燃繊維シート1の間に1つの有機繊維シート1を挟んでホットメルトで接着することにより、試験シート3を作製した。例4では、1つの耐燃繊維シート2と1つの有機繊維シート2とを主表面同士を向い合せてホットメルトで接着することにより、試験シート4を作製した。例5では、1つの耐燃繊維シート2と1つの有機繊維シート3とを主表面同士を向い合せてホットメルトで接着することにより、試験シート5を作製した。例6では、1つの耐燃繊維シート3と1つの有機繊維シート4とを主表面同士を向い合せてホットメルトで接着することにより、試験シート6を作製した。例7では、1つの耐燃繊維シート3と1つの有機繊維シート5とを主表面同士を向い合せてホットメルトで接着することにより、試験シート7を作製した。例8では、1つの耐燃繊維シート5と1つの有機繊維シート4とを主表面同士を向い合せてホットメルトで接着することにより、試験シート8を作製した。例9では、1つの耐燃繊維シート6と1つの有機繊維シート5とを主表面同士を向い合せてホットメルトで接着することにより、試験シート9を作製した。
軽量性の評価では、面密度が1550g/m2以下である場合に合格と判定し、それ以外の場合に不合格と判定した。
試験シート1〜14の減衰定数は、有機繊維シート1〜6の減衰定数と同様に測定した。また、試験シート1〜14の特性インピーダンスは、有機繊維シート1〜6の特性インピーダンスと同様に測定した。
図12に示す燃焼試験装置を用い、社団法人日本鉄道車両機械技術協会の鉄道車両用材料燃焼試験(一般材;鉄道車両用非金属材料の45°エチルアルコール試験)に準じて燃焼試験を行った。図12において、201は供試体(182mm×257mm)、202はアルコール容器(鉄製17.5φ×7.1、0.8t)、203はコルク製の容器受台を示す。
試験シートのフレキシブル性は、直径100mmの円筒の外周に試験シートを巻き付けて調べた。
総合の合否では、軽量性、防音性、耐燃性およびフレキシブル性の全てにおいて合格の場合に合格と判定し、それ以外の場合に不合格と判定した。
10 第1多孔質層
20 第2多孔質層
21、22 主表面
26 不織布層
27、28 スキン層
Claims (10)
- 無機繊維および炭化繊維の少なくとも1つを複数本含む第1多孔質層と、複数本の有機繊維で形成される第2多孔質層とを有する積層シートであって、
積層シートの面密度は、400g/m2以上1550g/m2以下であり、
前記第2多孔質層は、平均繊維径が0.5μm以上14μm以下の有機繊維で形成され、
前記第2多孔質層の単位体積に占める固体と空隙の全体積を100%とすると、前記固体の割合が1.0%以上8.0%以下である、積層シート。 - 前記第2多孔質層を基準として前記第1多孔質層とは反対側に配置される第3多孔質層を有し、
前記第3多孔質層は、無機繊維および炭化繊維の少なくとも1つを複数本含む、請求項1に記載の積層シート。 - 前記第1多孔質層の厚さは、0.5mm以上10mm以下である、請求項1または2に記載の積層シート。
- 前記第1多孔質層の熱貫流率は、5.0W/m2・K以上1.0×103W/m2・K以下である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の積層シート。
- 積層シートの厚さは、1mm以上100mm以下である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の積層シート。
- 前記第2多孔質層は、互いに対向する2つの主表面の間に、予め定められた面内方向に剥離可能に連続的に並ぶ複数の不織布層を有し、
複数の前記不織布層のそれぞれは、前記予め定められた面内方向から見たときに複数本の有機繊維が絡まり合うものである、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の積層シート。 - 前記第2多孔質層は、互いに対向する2つの主表面のそれぞれに、厚さ方向から見たときに複数本の有機繊維が絡まり合うスキン層を有し、
複数の前記不織布層は、2つの前記スキン層の間に設けられ、それぞれ、2つの前記スキン層と連続的に形成され、
2つの前記スキン層のそれぞれの厚さは、0.01mm以上5mm以下である、請求項6に記載の積層シート。 - 積層シートの減衰定数は、10Neper/m以上30Neper/m以下である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の積層シート。
- 積層シートの特性インピーダンスは、300N・s/m3以上1400N・s/m3以下である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の積層シート。
- 積層シートは、入射する音波を減衰させる防音材として用いられる、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の積層シート。
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US20210237396A1 (en) | 2021-08-05 |
CN112566780B (zh) | 2023-01-03 |
JP7097781B2 (ja) | 2022-07-08 |
CN112566780A (zh) | 2021-03-26 |
US11951729B2 (en) | 2024-04-09 |
EP3842227A1 (en) | 2021-06-30 |
EP3842227A4 (en) | 2022-05-18 |
WO2020039681A1 (ja) | 2020-02-27 |
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