JP2019509940A - 車両ヒーター用ptcユニット、これを具備するptcヒーターおよび車両用空調装置 - Google Patents
車両ヒーター用ptcユニット、これを具備するptcヒーターおよび車両用空調装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019509940A JP2019509940A JP2018551795A JP2018551795A JP2019509940A JP 2019509940 A JP2019509940 A JP 2019509940A JP 2018551795 A JP2018551795 A JP 2018551795A JP 2018551795 A JP2018551795 A JP 2018551795A JP 2019509940 A JP2019509940 A JP 2019509940A
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- heat
- ptc
- dissipating
- vehicle
- curing agent
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
- B60H1/2225—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
- F24H3/0429—For vehicles
- F24H3/0435—Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
- F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
- F24H9/1872—PTC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
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- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
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- H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H2001/2228—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant controlling the operation of heaters
- B60H2001/224—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant controlling the operation of heaters automatic operation, e.g. control circuits or methods
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Abstract
Description
まず、絶縁性放熱コーティング組成物を準備するために、コーティング層形成成分は主剤樹脂として下記の化学式1で表示される化合物100重量部に対して、第1硬化剤としてポリエチレンポリアミンおよび第2硬化剤として2,4,6−トリス[N,N−ジメチルアミノ]メチル]フェノールを1:1の重量比で含む硬化剤を60重量部、平均粒径が5μmであり、D50とD97の比率が1:1.6の炭化ケイ素47重量部、エポキシ系シラン化合物である物性増進成分(Shanghai Tech Polymer Technology、Tech−7130)3重量部、着色剤としてタルク(Talc)を44重量部、消光剤として二酸化チタンを44重量部、難燃剤としてトリジンクビス(オルトホスフェート)22重量部、UV安定剤として2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−3,5’−ジ(1,1−ジメチルベンジル−フェニル)−ベンゾトリアゾール0.5重量部、酸化防止剤として2−ヒドロキシフェニルベンゾチアゾール1重量部、分散剤(イソブチルアルデヒドとウレアの縮合物)5重量部、溶媒として1−ブタノール13重量部、n−ブチルアセテート13重量部、2−メトキシ−1−メチルエチルアセテート13重量部、メチルエチルケトン9重量部、エチルアセテート37重量部、トルエン9重量部、4−メチル−2−ペンタノン43重量部、キシレン103重量部を混合して撹はんした。撹はん後、混合物内に含まれた気泡を除去したし、最終粘度を25℃基準100〜130cpsで製造して下記の表1のような絶縁性放熱コーティング組成物を製造したし、以後5℃で貯蔵した。
実施例1と同様に実施して製造するものの、下記の表1、表2、表3または表4のように絶縁性放熱フィラーの平均粒径、粒度分布、硬化剤の重量比、主剤樹脂の分子量などを変更した絶縁性放熱コーティング組成物を適用した放熱部を製造したし、これを利用して表1、表2、表3または表4のような車両ヒーター用PTCユニットを製造した。
実施例1と同様に実施して製造するものの、下記の表4のように絶縁性放熱フィラーを含まないコーティング層を具備した放熱部を製造したし、これを利用して下記の表4のような車両ヒーター用PTCユニットを製造した。
実施例および比較例で製造された車両ヒーター用PTCユニットのうち放熱部について下記の物性を評価して表1〜表4に示した。
横、縦、高さがそれぞれ32cm×30cm×30cmであるアクリルチャンバーの中央に放熱部を位置させた後、チャンバーの内部の温度と放熱部の温度を25±0.2℃となるように調節した。その後放熱部に熱源として横、縦がそれぞれ20mm×20mmのLEDをTIM(熱伝導性テープ:1W/mk)を使用して付着して試験試片を製造した。製造された試片の熱源に2.1W(DC 3.9V、0.53A)の入力電力を印加して熱を発生させ、90分維持した後、放熱部の温度を測定して熱伝導率を評価した。具体的に熱伝導率は放熱コーティング層が具備されていない放熱基材に対して同一条件で測定した温度を基準として下記の数学式4によって計算した。
横、縦、高さがそれぞれ32cm×30cm×30cmであるアクリルチャンバーの中央に放熱部を位置させた後、チャンバーの内部の温度と放熱部の温度を25±0.2℃となるように調節した。その後放熱部に熱源として横、縦がそれぞれ20mm×20mmのLEDをTIM(熱伝導性テープ:1W/mk)を使用して付着して試験試片を製造した。製造された試片の熱源に2.1W(DC 3.9V、0.53A)の入力電力を印加して熱を発生させ、90分維持した後、放熱部の真ん中の上部5cmの地点の温度を測定して熱放射率を評価した。具体的に熱放射率は絶縁性放熱コーティング層が具備されていない基材に対して同一条件で測定した温度を基準として下記の数学式3によって計算した。
横、縦、高さがそれぞれ32cm×30cm×30cmであるアクリルチャンバーの中央に放熱部を位置させた後、チャンバーの内部の温度と放熱部の温度を25±0.2℃、チャンバー内部の湿度を50%となるように調節した。その後放熱部に熱源として横、縦がそれぞれ20mm×20mmのLEDをTIM(熱伝導性テープ:1W/mk)を使用して付着して試験試片を製造した。製造された試片の熱源に2.1W(DC 3.9V、0.53A)の入力電力を印加して熱を発生させ、90分維持した後、放熱部の上部面の真ん中を中心点とする半径15mmの円上の任意の10点での温度を測定して下記の数学式1により発熱温度の誤差を計算した。誤差が小さいほど放熱性能が均一であると見ることができ、絶縁性放熱コーティング層の放熱フィラー分散性が高いと解釈することができる。発熱温度の誤差のうち最大値を下記の表1〜4に示した。
温度が60℃、相対湿度が90%であるチャンバー内放熱部を配置した後、480時間経過後に放熱部の表面の状態を肉眼で評価した。評価結果、絶縁性放熱コーティング層のクラック、剥離(浮き)の有無を確認して異常がない場合○、異常が発生した場合×で示した。
耐久性を評価した試片に対して1mm間隔となるように、ナイフでクロスカッティングをした。その後、カッティングした面にスコッチテープを付着し、60° 角度で引っ張って絶縁性放熱コーティング層が剥離される状態を確認する。評価基準は、ISO 2409に基づいて評価した。(5B:0%、4B:5%以下、3B:5〜15%、2B:15〜35%、1B:35〜65%、0B:65% 超過)
放熱部の表面の品質を確認するために、手で表面を触ってデコボコしているか荒い感じがあるかを確認した。なめらかな感じがある場合5、荒い感じがある部分の面積が放熱部の外部面の全体面積のうち2%以下の場合4、2%超過5%以下の面積の場合3、5%超過10%以下の面積の場合2、10%超過20%以下の面積の場合1、20%超過の面積の場合0で表示した。
実施例1および比較例1で製造された車両ヒーター用PTCユニットのうち、放熱部に対して熱伝導度の相対利得の評価を遂行した。具体的には、正常状態の熱流速法(Steady State Heat Flow Method)で熱伝導度を測定し、下記の数学式2により実施例1の放熱部に対する熱伝導度の相対利得を評価した。これを下記の表5に示した。
実施例1〜3および23のPTCユニットのうち放熱部に対して抵抗値の測定を遂行した。具体的には、4端子法で抵抗値を測定して下記の表6に示した。
Claims (17)
- PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficient)素子を含む発熱部;および
放熱基材および前記放熱基材の外部面の少なくとも一部分に備えられて放熱性能を向上させる放熱皮膜を含んで前記発熱部の少なくとも一面に備えられる放熱部;を含む、車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。 - 前記発熱部は、PTC素子および前記PTC素子を支持し電源を印加する電極端子を含む、請求項1に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 前記放熱基材は、前記発熱部と隣接するように配置される放熱板および前記放熱板上に固定された放熱フィンを具備する、請求項1に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 前記放熱フィンは、面状放熱体が多数回折り曲げられて放熱板上に備えられるか、放熱板に対して垂直に配置された多数個の面状放熱体が所定の間隔で離隔して放熱板上に備えられる、請求項3に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 放熱皮膜は前記放熱フィンおよび放熱板のうち少なくとも一つ以上の外部面に備えられる、請求項3に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 前記放熱皮膜は酸化皮膜または放熱コーティング層である、請求項3に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 前記放熱コーティング層は、主剤樹脂を含むコーティング層形成成分および前記主剤樹脂100重量部に対して25〜70重量部で含まれる絶縁性放熱フィラーを含む絶縁性放熱コーティング組成物を通じて形成された、請求項6に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 前記コーティング層形成成分は、前記主剤樹脂100重量部に対して25〜100重量部で含まれる硬化剤をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 前記硬化剤は、脂肪族ポリアミン系硬化剤、芳香族ポリアミン系硬化剤、酸無水物系硬化剤および触媒系硬化剤からなる群から選択された1種以上を含む、請求項9に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 前記硬化剤は、脂肪族ポリアミン系硬化剤を含む第1硬化剤および芳香族ポリアミン系、酸無水物系硬化剤および触媒系硬化剤からなる群から選択された1種以上を含む第2硬化剤を1:0.5〜1.5の重量比で含む、請求項10に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 前記絶縁性放熱フィラーは炭化ケイ素を含む、請求項7に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 前記絶縁性放熱フィラーは平均粒径が10nm〜15μmである、請求項7に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 前記絶縁性放熱フィラーはD50とD97の比率が1:4.5以下である、請求項13に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 前記絶縁性放熱コーティング組成物は、粘度が5〜600cpsである、請求項7に記載の車両ヒーター用PTCユニット。
- 請求項1に記載されたPTCユニットが複数個備えられるPTCモジュール;および
前記PTCモジュールに電気的に連結された回路モジュール;を含む、車両用PTCヒーター。 - 空気を前記PTCヒーターに送風する送風装置;および
前記送風装置から送風される空気を加熱する請求項17に記載されたPTCヒーター;を含む、車両用空調装置。
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CN108883687B (zh) | 2021-07-27 |
EP3437905A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
EP3437905A4 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
JP6669890B2 (ja) | 2020-03-18 |
EP3437905B1 (en) | 2021-08-18 |
CN108883687A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
US20190111763A1 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
WO2017171392A1 (ko) | 2017-10-05 |
KR20170113387A (ko) | 2017-10-12 |
KR102076198B1 (ko) | 2020-03-02 |
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