JP2019504274A - 液化窒素を使用して液化天然ガスから窒素を分離する方法及びシステム - Google Patents
液化窒素を使用して液化天然ガスから窒素を分離する方法及びシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019504274A JP2019504274A JP2018530151A JP2018530151A JP2019504274A JP 2019504274 A JP2019504274 A JP 2019504274A JP 2018530151 A JP2018530151 A JP 2018530151A JP 2018530151 A JP2018530151 A JP 2018530151A JP 2019504274 A JP2019504274 A JP 2019504274A
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- nitrogen
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 608
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 276
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 383
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- YMXREWKKROWOSO-VOTSOKGWSA-N methyl (e)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1O YMXREWKKROWOSO-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 226
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 82
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 18
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- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012455 biphasic mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/50—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components from oxygen, e.g. N2, Ar
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
- F25J2240/12—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/30—Dynamic liquid or hydraulic expansion with extraction of work, e.g. single phase or two-phase turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
- F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
Abstract
Description
この出願は、引用により本明細書にその全体が組み込まれている2015年12月14日出願の「液化窒素を使用して液化天然ガスから窒素を分離する方法及びシステム」という名称の米国仮特許出願第62/266,976号の利益を主張するものである。
Claims (25)
- 1mol%よりも高い窒素濃度を有するLNGストリームから窒素を分離する方法であって、
液化施設において、1mol%よりも高い窒素濃度を含む加圧LNGストリームを、天然ガスを液化することによって生成する段階と、
前記LNG施設とは異なる地理的場所で生成された少なくとも1つの液体窒素(LIN)ストリームを貯蔵タンクから受け入れる段階と、
分離容器内で、前記加圧LNGストリームを該加圧LNGストリームの窒素濃度よりも高い窒素濃度を有する蒸気ストリームと、該加圧LNGストリームの該窒素濃度よりも低い窒素濃度を有する液体ストリームとに分離する段階と、
前記1又は2以上のLINストリームのうちの少なくとも1つを前記分離容器に向ける段階と、を含む、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記液体ストリームは、2mol%未満又は1mol%未満の窒素濃度を有するLNGストリームである、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記LNGストリームを前記1又は2以上のLINストリームのうちの少なくとも1つとの間接熱交換によってサブクールする段階を更に含む、
請求項1又は2に記載の方法。 - 前記蒸気ストリームは、2mol%未満又は1mol%未満の炭化水素濃度を有する冷熱窒素放出ストリームであり、
前記方法が、
前記冷熱窒素放出ストリームを使用して天然ガスストリームを液化し、追加の加圧LNGストリーム及び温熱窒素放出ストリームを形成する段階、を更に含む、
請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記分離容器は、第1の分離容器であり、
前記方法が、
LNGボイルオフガスを第2の分離容器に向ける段階を更に含む、
請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記蒸気ストリームの全て又は一部分を前記第2の分離容器に向ける段階と、
前記少なくとも1つのLINストリームのうちの1つを前記第2の分離容器に向ける段階と、を更に含む、
請求項5に記載の方法。 - 前記第2の分離容器は、多段分離カラムであり、前記ボイルオフガスは、該多段分離カラムのための剥離ガスであり、
前記方法が、
前記多段分離カラム内で、前記ボイルオフガス内の炭化水素を凝縮させる段階と、
前記少なくとも1つのLINストリームのうちの1つを前記多段分離カラムに向ける段階と、を更に含む、
請求項5に記載の方法。 - 前記分離容器は、第1の分離容器であり、前記蒸気ストリームは、第1の蒸気ストリームであり、前記液体ストリームは、第1の液体ストリームであり、
前記方法が、
前記蒸気ストリームを前記少なくとも1つのLINストリームのうちの1又は2以上との間接熱交換によって部分的又は完全に凝縮させ、それによって凝縮蒸気ストリーム及び蒸発LINストリームを形成する段階と、
前記凝縮蒸気ストリームを第2の分離容器の中に向け第2の蒸気ストリーム及び第2の液体ストリームを形成する段階と、を更に含む、
請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記第2の液体ストリームを前記第1の分離容器の中に該第1の分離容器への還流ストリームとして誘導する段階を更に含む、
請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つのLINストリームのうちの1つを前記第2の分離容器に誘導し、前記第2の蒸気ストリームに炭化水素が実質的に存在しないように該第2の分離容器に存在する炭化水素成分の大部分を凝縮させる段階を更に含む、
請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記第2の蒸気ストリームは、2mol%未満又は1mol%未満の炭化水素濃度を有する冷熱窒素放出ストリームである、
請求項9又は10に記載の方法。 - 前記加圧LNGストリームを前記少なくとも1つのLINストリームのうちの1又は2以上との間接熱交換によってサブクールしてサブクール加圧LNGストリーム及び蒸発LINストリームを形成する段階を更に含む、
請求項1ないし11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記蒸発LINストリームを使用して天然ガスストリームを液化し、追加の加圧LNGストリーム及び温熱窒素放出ストリームを形成する段階を更に含む、
請求項7又は8に記載の方法。 - 前記温熱窒素放出ストリームを使用して1又は2以上のタービンへの入口空気を冷却する段階を更に含む、
請求項7ないし13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 400psiaよりも高い圧力を有する前記少なくとも1つのLINストリームのうちの1つとの間接熱交換によって、前記蒸気ストリームを部分的又は完全に凝縮させて凝縮蒸気ストリーム及び加温窒素ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
少なくとも1つの膨張器サービス内で前記加温窒素ガスストリームの圧力を低減して少なくとも1つの更に冷却された窒素ガスストリームを生成する段階と、
前記少なくとも1つの更に冷却された窒素ガスストリームと前記蒸気ストリームの間で熱を交換して部分的又は完全に凝縮した蒸気ストリーム及び加温窒素ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
前記加温窒素ガスストリームを圧縮するのに使用される少なくとも1つの圧縮器に前記少なくとも1つの膨張器サービスを結合する段階と、を更に含む、
請求項1ないし14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記加圧LNGストリームは、−100℃から−150℃の範囲の温度を有する、
請求項1ないし15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 輸送されたLNGストリームと該LNGストリームの再ガス化中に熱を交換することによって窒素ガスから前記少なくとも1つのLINストリームを生成する段階を更に含む、
請求項1ないし16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記加圧LNGストリームを膨張させて40molモル%未満の蒸気留分を有する2相混合物を生成する段階を更に含む、
請求項1ないし17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記加圧LNGストリームを膨張させて20molモル%未満の蒸気留分を有する2相混合物を生成する段階を更に含む、
請求項1ないし18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記加圧LNGストリームを生成するのに使用される前記液化工程は、単一混合冷媒工程、プロパン予冷混合冷媒工程、カスケード冷媒工程、二重混合冷媒工程、又は膨張器ベースの液化工程である、
請求項1ないし19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記加圧LNGストリームを生成するのに使用される前記液化工程は、液体窒素冷凍工程であり、液体窒素が、該液体窒素冷凍工程内の開ループ冷凍源として実質的に使用される、
請求項1ないし20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - LNGが1mol%よりも高い窒素濃度を有する液化天然ガス(LNG)液化施設で生産された加圧液化天然ガス(LNG)を処理するためのシステムであって、
前記加圧LNGストリームを該加圧LNGストリームの窒素濃度よりも高い窒素濃度を有する蒸気ストリームと、前記加圧LNGストリームの窒素濃度よりも低い窒素濃度を有する液体ストリームとに分離するように構成された分離容器と、
前記LNG液化施設とは異なる地理的場所で生成され、かつ前記分離容器の中に向けられるように構成された液化窒素(LIN)ストリームと、
前記LINストリームとの熱交換によって前記加圧LNGストリームをサブクールするように構成された第1の熱交換器と、を備えている、
特徴とするシステム。 - 前記蒸気ストリームは、2mol%未満又は1mol%未満の炭化水素濃度を有する冷熱窒素放出ストリームであり、
システムが、
前記冷熱窒素放出ストリームとの熱交換によって天然ガスストリームを液化して追加の加圧LNGストリームを形成し、そこから温熱窒素放出ストリームを形成するように構成された第2の熱交換器を更に備えている、
請求項22に記載のシステム。 - 前記分離容器は、第1の分離容器であり、
前記システムが、LNGボイルオフガスが向けられる第2の分離容器を更に備え、
前記蒸気ストリームの全て又は一部分が、前記第2の分離容器に向けられ、
前記LINストリームの少なくとも一部が、前記第2の分離容器に向けられる、
請求項22に記載のシステム。 - 400psiaよりも高い圧力を有する前記LINストリームの少なくとも一部との間接熱交換によって、前記蒸気ストリームを部分的又は完全に凝縮させて凝縮蒸気ストリーム及び加温窒素ガスストリームを形成する第3の熱交換器と、
前記加温窒素ガスストリームの圧力を低減して少なくとも1つの更に冷却された窒素ガスストリームを生成するように構成された膨張器サービスと、
前記少なくとも1つの更に冷却された窒素ガスストリームと前記蒸気ストリームの間で熱を交換して部分的又は完全に凝縮した蒸気ストリーム及び加温された窒素ガスストリームを形成する第4の熱交換器と、
前記膨張器サービスに結合され、前記加温された窒素ガスストリームを圧縮するのに使用される圧縮器と、を更に備えている、
請求項23に記載のシステム。
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US10488105B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 |
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