JP5139292B2 - Lngのための天然ガス液化方法 - Google Patents
Lngのための天然ガス液化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5139292B2 JP5139292B2 JP2008525991A JP2008525991A JP5139292B2 JP 5139292 B2 JP5139292 B2 JP 5139292B2 JP 2008525991 A JP2008525991 A JP 2008525991A JP 2008525991 A JP2008525991 A JP 2008525991A JP 5139292 B2 JP5139292 B2 JP 5139292B2
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- gas stream
- heat exchange
- refrigerant
- cooled
- expanded
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 72
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 215
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 36
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
- F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
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Description
本出願は、2005年8月9日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/706、798号、及び2006年4月26日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/795、101号の利益を求めるものである。
熱交換区域56を出ると、膨張流13dは、それが再圧縮され、圧縮ユニット61及び62から現れる流れと組み合わされ、冷却され、次に、元の通りの供給流れに再利用される流れ14aの一部を形成する圧縮ユニット95に送られる。
図9は、ある一定の供給ガス10組成及び/又は圧力で用いるための実施形態を示している。LNG収集のために冷却されている供給ガス10の冷却曲線を、過冷却熱交換区域55における冷却に用いられている供給ガス10のその部分の冷却曲線に対してより良く適合させるために、過冷却ループ6に進む冷媒ガスのこの部分の分担部分を更に膨張することが必要であろう。これは、過冷却ループ6に補足冷却を供給するために、膨張弁82又は他の膨張器(例えば、ジュール−トンプソン弁)を用いて実施される。
6 過冷却ループ
10 供給ガス流
11 副流
Claims (21)
- メタンが豊富なガス流を液化する方法であって、
6.895MPa未満の圧力でガス流を準備する段階、
冷媒として用いるために前記ガス流の一部分を回収することにより、6.895MPa未満の圧力で冷媒を準備する段階、
前記冷媒を10.342MPaよりも大きいか又は等しい圧力まで圧縮して圧縮冷媒を準備する段階、
前記圧縮冷媒を冷却流体との間接熱交換によって冷却する段階、
前記圧縮冷媒を膨張させて該圧縮冷媒を更に冷却し、それによって膨張して冷却された冷媒を生成する段階、
前記膨張して冷却された冷媒を熱交換区域に送る段階、及び
前記ガス流を前記熱交換区域に通して該ガス流の少なくとも一部を前記膨張して冷却された冷媒との間接熱交換によって冷却し、それによって冷却ガス流を形成する段階、
を含み、
供給ガスが唯一の冷媒として使用され、冷却水又は冷却空気の他には、外部の冷媒を使用しない、ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記ガス流の前記部分は、該ガス流が前記熱交換区域に送られる前に回収されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス流の前記部分は、前記熱交換区域から回収されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- メタンが豊富なガス流を液化する方法で生成されたフラッシュ蒸気で充填した閉ループを用いて、前記熱交換区域に対する冷凍負荷の少なくとも一部分を供給する段階を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記冷却ガス流の少なくとも一部分を膨張させて膨張した冷却されたガス流を生成する段階と、
前記フラッシュ蒸気で充填した前記閉ループとの間接熱交換により、前記膨張した冷却されたガス流を更に冷却する段階と、
を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の方法。 - 前記冷却ガス流の少なくとも一部分を膨張させて膨張した冷却されたガス流を生成する段階と、
1つ又はそれよりも多くの付加的な熱交換区域における間接熱交換により、前記膨張した冷却されたガス流を更に冷却する段階と、
を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 装置の各々が、前記供給ガス流の一部分を膨張させ、それによって該部分を冷却して1つ又はそれよりも多くの膨張して冷却された副流を形成し、かつ装置内で膨張した該供給ガス流の該部分の各々が、供給ガス流冷却の異なる段階で該供給ガス流から回収される複数の仕事膨張装置を用いて前記ガス流を冷却する段階と、
前記供給ガス流を前記1つ又はそれよりも多くの膨張して冷却された副流との間接熱交換によって冷却する段階と、
を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記ガス流の1つ又はそれよりも多くの部分を回収する段階と、
前記ガス流の前記1つ又はそれよりも多くの部分の各々を1つ又はそれよりも多くの仕事膨張装置に送り、該ガス流の該1つ又はそれよりも多くの部分の各々を膨張させて該1つ又はそれよりも多くの部分を膨張させて冷却し、それによって1つ又はそれよりも多くの膨張して冷却された副流を形成する段階と、
前記1つ又はそれよりも多くの膨張して冷却された副流を少なくとも1つの熱交換区域に送る段階と、
前記ガス流を前記少なくとも1つの熱交換区域に通す段階と、
前記1つ又はそれよりも多くの膨張して冷却された副流との間接熱交換により、前記ガス流を少なくとも部分的に冷却する段階と、
を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記ガス流は、最初にガス供給圧力を超える圧力まで圧縮されることを特徴とする請求項5、請求項6、請求項7、又は請求項8に記載の方法。
- 最終熱交換段階前かつLNGを生成する膨張の前の前記冷却されたガス流の膨張段階を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 最終熱交換段階前に前記冷却されたガス流の少なくとも一部分を膨張させて、膨張した冷却されたガス流を生成する段階と、
前記膨張した冷却されたガス流の一部分を仕事発生膨張器に送り、該膨張した冷却されたガス流の該部分を該仕事発生膨張器内で更に膨張させる段階と、
前記仕事発生膨張器から現れる流れを熱交換区域に送り、前記膨張した冷却されたガス流の残りを該熱交換区域における間接熱交換によって更に冷却する段階と、
を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記冷媒は、20.684MPaよりも大きいか又は等しい圧力まで圧縮されて圧縮冷媒をもたらすことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記熱交換区域は、複数の熱交換チャンバを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス流を受け取って、過冷却ガス流を準備するために、メタンが豊富な前記ガス流の一部分である第2の冷媒の膨張によって冷却される過冷却熱交換区域、
を更に含み、
前記過冷却ガス流の最終膨張及びLNGの回収がそれに続いている、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記第2の冷媒は、該第2の冷媒の膨張前に前記過冷却熱交換区域において過冷却されることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記メタンが豊富なガス流は、前記熱交換区域を通過する前に再加圧され、前記冷却されたガス流は、膨張させられ、該膨張した冷却されたガス流の一部分は、更に膨張させて、前記過冷却熱交換区域における前記第2の冷媒として用いられることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記過冷却ガス流の一部分が、膨張させられ、その一部分が、前記第2の冷媒であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記過冷却ガス流の一部分は、2つの部分流れに分割され、該部分流れの一方は、更に膨張させられ、かつ該部分流の両方は、前記第2の冷媒を含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- LNG回収と共に窒素を除去する段階を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- メタンが豊富なガス流を液化する方法であって、
6.895MPa未満の圧力でガス流を準備する段階と、
該ガス流を液化する方法において生成されたフラッシュ蒸気の一部を閉ループに充填することにより、該閉ループに冷媒を供給する段階と、
前記冷媒を10.342MPaよりも大きいか又は等しい圧力まで圧縮して圧縮冷媒を準備する段階と、
前記圧縮冷媒を冷却流体との間接熱交換によって冷却する段階と、
前記圧縮冷媒を膨張させて該圧縮冷媒を更に冷却し、それによって膨張して冷却された冷媒を生成する段階と、
前記膨張して冷却された冷媒を熱交換区域に送る段階と、
前記ガス流を前記熱交換区域に通し、該ガス流の少なくとも一部を前記膨張して冷却された冷媒との間接熱交換によって冷却する段階と、
を含み、
供給ガスが唯一の冷媒として使用され、冷却水又は冷却空気の他には、外部の冷媒を使用しない、ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記6.895MPa未満の圧力でガス流を準備する段階の前に、
さらに、前記ガス流を8.274MPaよりも大きい圧力まで圧縮し、圧縮されたガス流を前記熱交換区域に送り、そして、膨張器において前記圧縮されたガス流を膨張させる段階を含む、請求項1又は20に記載された方法。
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US60/795,101 | 2006-04-26 | ||
PCT/US2006/020121 WO2007021351A1 (en) | 2005-08-09 | 2006-05-24 | Natural gas liquefaction process for lng |
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RU2406949C2 (ru) | 2010-12-20 |
EP1929227A1 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
EP1929227B1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
CA2618576C (en) | 2014-05-27 |
JP2009504838A (ja) | 2009-02-05 |
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