WO2012023752A2 - 천연가스 액화공정 - Google Patents
천연가스 액화공정 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012023752A2 WO2012023752A2 PCT/KR2011/005889 KR2011005889W WO2012023752A2 WO 2012023752 A2 WO2012023752 A2 WO 2012023752A2 KR 2011005889 W KR2011005889 W KR 2011005889W WO 2012023752 A2 WO2012023752 A2 WO 2012023752A2
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- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- heat exchange
- natural gas
- refrigerant portion
- cooling
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 357
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 19
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 7
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0057—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream after expansion of the liquid refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0291—Refrigerant compression by combined gas compression and liquid pumping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a natural gas liquefaction process, and more particularly, by using a single closed loop refrigeration cycle employing a mixed refrigerant, the structure of the liquefaction process is simple, the system can be compact, and the operation of the liquefaction system is easy, but the liquefaction process It relates to a natural gas liquefaction process with excellent efficiency.
- C3 / MR Process One of the most popular liquefaction processes in operation is the 'Propane Pre-cooled Mixed Refrigerant Process' (or C3 / MR Process).
- the basic structure of the C3 / MR process is as shown in FIG.
- the feed gas is pre-cooled to approximately 238 K by a multi-stage propane (C3) Joule-Thomson (JT) cycle.
- the precooled feed gas is liquefied and sub-cooled to 123 K through heat exchange with a mixed refrigerant (MR) in a heat exchanger.
- the C3 / MR process has a disadvantage in that the liquefaction process is complicated and the operation of the liquefaction system is difficult because a refrigeration cycle employing a single refrigerant and a refrigeration cycle employing a mixed refrigerant are used.
- Conoco Phillips which is based on the Cascade process.
- the liquefaction process of 'Conoco Phillips' uses three Joules using methane (C1), ethylene (C2), and propane (C3), which are pure-component refrigerants. It consists of a Thompson cycle. Since the liquefaction process does not use a mixed refrigerant, there is an advantage that the operation of the liquefaction process is safe, simple and reliable. However, there is a disadvantage in that the size of the liquefaction system is inevitably increased because an individual compressor, heat exchanger, etc. are required for each of the three cycles.
- Another liquefaction process in operation is the 'Single Mixed Refrigerant Process' (or SMR Process).
- the basic structure of the SMR process is as shown in FIG.
- the supply gas is liquefied through heat exchange with the mixed refrigerant in the heat exchange region.
- the SMR process uses one closed loop refrigeration cycle with mixed refrigerant. In this refrigeration cycle, the mixed refrigerant is compressed and cooled, and then expanded after condensing the mixed refrigerant through heat exchange in the heat exchange zone. The expanded refrigerant flows back into the heat exchange zone to condense the precooled mixed refrigerant and liquefy the feed gas.
- This SMR process has the advantage that the system is compact due to its simple structure, but has the disadvantage that the efficiency of the liquefaction process is not good.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, the problem of the present invention is to use a single closed loop refrigeration cycle employing a mixed refrigerant, the liquefaction process is simple, the system is compact and the operation of the liquefaction system is easy It is to provide a natural gas liquefaction process with excellent efficiency of the liquefaction process.
- separates which separates partially condensed mixed refrigerant into a liquid refrigerant
- the natural gas liquefaction process according to the present invention uses a single refrigeration cycle employing a mixed refrigerant, so the structure of the liquefaction process is simple, the system is compact, and the operation of the system is easy, and the mixed refrigerant is divided into two refrigerant parts. After the separation, the steps of condensation (cooling), expansion, heat exchange and compression are performed separately without mixing between the refrigerant parts, so that the conditions for optimum temperature and pressure can be applied to the separated refrigerant parts, respectively. Thereby, the efficiency of a liquefaction process can be improved.
- Embodiment 1 is a flowchart illustrating a natural gas liquefaction process according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a first modification of the liquefaction process according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a second modification to the liquefaction process according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a third modification of the liquefaction process according to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a natural gas liquefaction process according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a first modification of the liquefaction process according to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a second modification to the liquefaction process according to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a third modification of the liquefaction process according to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a fourth modification of the liquefaction process according to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a fifth modification of the liquefaction process according to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a sixth modification to the liquefaction process according to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a natural gas liquefaction process according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a natural gas liquefaction process according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a modification of the liquefaction process according to FIG. 13.
- 15 and 16 are flowcharts illustrating basic concepts that can represent the above-described embodiments.
- 17 and 18 are flowcharts illustrating the case where the liquefaction process according to the above-described embodiments is used as part of the overall liquefaction process.
- 19 is a flowchart conceptually illustrating a conventional C3 / MR process.
- 20 is a flowchart conceptually illustrating a conventional cascade process.
- 21 is a flowchart conceptually illustrating a conventional SMR process.
- the liquefaction process according to the present embodiment is a process for producing liquefied natural gas (LNG) by cooling natural gas to a liquefaction temperature by using a closed loop refrigeration cycle as shown in FIG. Can be applied.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- one closed loop refrigeration cycle employing mixed refrigerants or multi-component refrigerants is used to pre-cool the natural gas through heat exchange with the refrigerant in the first heat exchange zone. It can be applied to the natural gas liquefaction process for liquefying the pre-cooled natural gas through heat exchange with the refrigerant.
- the liquefaction process according to the present embodiment may further include a separate auxiliary refrigeration cycle for cooling the mixed refrigerant or cooling the natural gas.
- the partially condensed mixed refrigerant flows into the separating means 110 and is separated into a first refrigerant portion and a second refrigerant portion having a lower boiling point than the first refrigerant portion according to the difference in boiling point. That is, the partially condensed mixed refrigerant may be divided into a first refrigerant portion separated into the liquid refrigerant portion because of the high boiling point through the separating means 110 and a second refrigerant portion separated into the gaseous refrigerant portion because of the low boiling point. have.
- Such separation means 110 may be a conventional vapor-liquid separator.
- the separated first refrigerant part may undergo a series of cooling and expansion processes and then precool the natural gas in the first heat exchange area through heat exchange.
- the separated first refrigerant part is introduced into the first heat exchange region 121 through a conduit 161 connecting the separation means 110 and the first heat exchange region 121.
- the first refrigerant portion is cooled through heat exchange in the first heat exchange region 121. Cooling of this refrigerant portion is accomplished through heat exchange with the refrigerant entering the first heat exchange region 121 through conduits 163 and 175.
- the coolant portion thus cooled enters and expands to expansion means 131 through conduit 162.
- the expansion means 131 may be a conventional expansion valve (expansion valve).
- the expanded refrigerant portion enters the first heat exchange region 121 again through the conduit 163.
- the refrigerant portion introduced into the first heat exchange region 121 cools other refrigerants and precools natural gas through heat exchange in the first heat exchange region 121.
- the portion of the refrigerant having undergone heat exchange in the first heat exchange region 121 is introduced into the first compression means 141 through the conduit 164 and compressed.
- the first compression means 141 may be a conventional compressor
- the second compression means 142 which will be described later, may also be a conventional compressor.
- the first and second compression means may have a form in which a plurality of compressors and cooling means are connected in series.
- the required power of the compressor can be reduced.
- the pressures may be the same, but the pressure of the first and second compression means 141 and 142 may be different.
- the inlet side may have different pressures.
- the separated second refrigerant part is introduced into the first heat exchange area 121 through the conduit 171 and cooled. Cooling of this refrigerant portion is accomplished through heat exchange with the refrigerant entering the first heat exchange region 121 through conduits 163 and 175. The cooled refrigerant portion enters and condenses the second heat exchange region 122 through conduit 172. Condensation of this refrigerant portion takes place through heat exchange with the refrigerant entering the second heat exchange region 122 through the conduit 174. The condensed refrigerant portion enters and expands through expansion conduit 173 to expansion means 132. At this time, the expansion means 132 may be a conventional expansion valve (expansion valve).
- the expanded refrigerant portion flows back through the conduit 174 into the second heat exchange zone 122 to condense other refrigerants through the heat exchange and liquefy the precooled natural gas.
- the liquefied natural gas may be expanded by the expansion valve 136 and then introduced into the storage tank.
- the two heat exchange regions 121 and 122 described above may be provided in one heat exchange means 120 as shown in FIG. 1, or may be provided in two heat exchange means, respectively.
- the heat exchange means may also be a conventional heat exchanger.
- the portion where heat exchange is substantially performed in the heat exchange region is shown in a form similar to a triangular wave as shown in FIG. 1, and the portion where heat exchange is not substantially performed in the heat exchange region is represented by a straight line (case Some heat exchange may occur).
- the portion shown in a straight line in the heat exchange means 120 of FIG. 1 does not actually pass through the second heat exchange region 122, that is, does not perform heat exchange with other refrigerants, but is merely for convenience of illustration. It is shown as passing through the second heat exchange region 122.
- the refrigerant portion having completed the heat exchange in the second heat exchange region 122 may be introduced into the first heat exchange region 121 through the conduit 175 to further cool other refrigerants or additionally pre-cool natural gas through heat exchange. Since the refrigerant portion in which the other refrigerant and the natural gas are cooled in the second heat exchange region 122 has a sufficiently low temperature even after the heat exchange, the refrigerant may be cooled even though the refrigerant flows into the first heat exchange region 121 as described above. .
- the refrigerant portion having completed this heat exchange is introduced into the second compression means 142 through the conduit 176 and compressed. In some cases, however, the refrigerant portion having completed the heat exchange in the second heat exchange region 122 may be introduced into the second compression means 142 without passing through the first heat exchange region 121.
- the first refrigerant portion compressed through the first compression means 141 and the second refrigerant portion compressed through the second compression means 142 enter the cooling means 146, 147 through the conduits 165, 177, respectively. And the cooling, whereby each refrigerant portion may be partially condensed.
- Such cooling means 146, 147 may be conventional chillers.
- Each refrigerant portion is then mixed into one refrigerant portion via mixing means.
- Such mixing means may be a conventional mixer.
- such mixing means may refer to two conduits 166 and 178 connected between the conduits, ie interconnected to induce mixing of the first and second refrigerant portions, as shown in FIG. 1.
- the refrigerant portion thus mixed is introduced into separation means 110 through conduit 167 in a partially condensed state and repeats the aforementioned refrigeration cycle.
- cooling means 148 may be provided to cool the mixed refrigerant portion after mixing the refrigerant portions.
- 2 is a flowchart illustrating a first modification of the liquefaction process according to FIG. 1.
- the refrigerant parts are partially condensed due to cooling by the coolers 146 and 147, and in the case of the modification according to FIG. 2, the mixed refrigerant part is cooled by the cooler 148. Due to partial condensation.
- the liquefaction process according to FIG. 1 further includes an expander between the above-described second heat exchange area 122 and expansion valves 131 and 132 in order to further increase the efficiency of the liquefaction process as shown in FIG. 3.
- You may. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a second modification to the liquefaction process according to FIG. 1.
- the first refrigerant portion may pass through the first heat exchange region 121 and then flow into the expander 191 through the conduit 1621 to be primarily expanded. It may then enter the expansion valve 131 through the conduit 1622 and may be secondary expanded.
- the second refrigerant portion also passes through the second heat exchange region 122, then enters the expander 192 through the conduit 1731 and is primarily expanded, and then through the conduit 1732 to the expansion valve 132. Inflow and secondary expansion.
- JT valves Conventional expansion valves
- the expander also causes work to go out with pressure drop, allowing more energy to flow out of the fluid, which can result in a lower temperature of the fluid. It is also possible to drive the compressor or the like through the work generated from the expander. As a result, the overall efficiency of the liquefaction process can be improved, and compared with the liquefaction process according to FIG. 1, the liquefaction process according to FIG. 3 was confirmed to have an efficiency improvement of about 1.7%.
- the liquefaction process according to FIG. 1 may be modified to perform additional recompression of the mixed refrigerant portion after mixing of the refrigerant, as shown in FIG. 4.
- 4 is a flowchart illustrating a third modification of the liquefaction process according to FIG. 1. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the mixed refrigerant portion may be compressed once again through the recompression means 144, and the recompressed refrigerant portion may be once again cooled and partially condensed. For reference, in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the refrigerant parts are partially condensed due to the cooling by the coolers 146 and 147. In the modification according to FIG. 4, the mixed refrigerant part is recompressed and recooled to partially. Condensation.
- the liquefaction process according to the present embodiment consists of only one refrigeration cycle as described above, the liquefaction process is basically simple, the system is compact, and the operation of the liquefaction system is easy.
- the first refrigerant portion and the first refrigerant portion are not mixed between the refrigerant portions.
- the two refrigerant sections are each mixed via separate loops until they reach mixing means.
- the first conduits 161 to 164 for guiding the first refrigerant from the separating means 110 to the first compression means 141, and the second refrigerant from the separating means 110 to the second compression means 142.
- each refrigerant portion when each refrigerant part individually performs a refrigeration cycle, the efficiency of the liquefaction process may be improved.
- each refrigerant portion when the mixed refrigerant is separated into the first refrigerant portion and the second refrigerant portion by the separating means 110, each refrigerant portion may have a difference in composition. Accordingly, each refrigerant portion exhibits different thermodynamic characteristics according to its composition, and as a result, a difference occurs in a region in which each refrigerant portion can exert cooling heat effectively.
- each refrigerant The portions are subjected to condensation (cooling), expansion, heat exchange and compression without mixing with each other (ie without mixing between the first and second refrigerant portions).
- each refrigerant portion is treated with natural gas at optimum conditions.
- the liquefaction process can be designed to exchange heat, and as a result, the efficiency of the entire liquefaction process can be improved.
- the mixed refrigerant used in the liquefaction process according to the present embodiment includes methane (C1), ethane (C2), propane (C3), butane (C4), pentane (C5), and nitrogen (N2). It is preferable in terms of.
- the mixed refrigerant includes methane (C1), ethane (C2), propane (C3) and nitrogen (N2), but if it contains more butane (C4) and pentane (C5), the mixed refrigerant may cover it. Since the temperature range is wider, the efficiency of the liquefaction process can be improved when using such a mixed refrigerant.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a natural gas liquefaction process according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the liquefaction process according to the present embodiment basically has the same configuration as the liquefaction process according to the first embodiment described above.
- the refrigerant part mixed through the mixing means is introduced into the separating means 112 through the conduit 1676 and further separated into the liquid refrigerant part and the gaseous refrigerant part according to the first embodiment. It is different from the liquefaction process.
- the same (or equivalent) reference numerals are given to the same (or equivalent) parts as the above-described configuration, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the refrigerant portion mixed through the mixing means is introduced into the additional separation means 112 through the conduit 1676 to further add the liquid refrigerant portion and the gas phase refrigerant portion.
- the additional separation means 112 may be a conventional gas-liquid separator.
- the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the additional separation means 112 enters the first heat exchange region 121 through the conduit 181 to cool and then enters the expansion valve 133 and expands.
- the expanded portion of the refrigerant flows back into the first heat exchange region 121 through the conduit 182 to further precool the natural gas.
- the refrigerant portion additionally precooled with natural gas is then introduced into the third compression means 143 through the conduit 183 and compressed.
- the refrigerant portion separately compressed through the first to third compression means 141, 142, and 143 may be mixed into one refrigerant portion through the above-described mixing means.
- the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the separating means 110 and the gaseous refrigerant portion, and the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the additional separating means 112 are separated. After separation through the means 110, and after separation through the further separation means 112, they are mixed together via independent loops without mixing with each other in the mixing step.
- the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the additional separating means 112 is mixed with other refrigerant portions. You can also compress it. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the additional separating means 112 flows into the first heat exchange region 121 through the conduit 181 to be cooled and then expands the expansion valve 133. It can be introduced into and expanded. The expanded refrigerant portion may be separated into the liquid refrigerant through the separating means 110, and then introduced into the first heat exchange region 121 to be cooled, and mixed with the expanded refrigerant portion by the expansion valve 131. .
- the mixed refrigerant portions flow together as one refrigerant flow. That is, the mixed refrigerant portion flows back into the first heat exchange region 121 through the conduit 1631 to cool other refrigerants and precool natural gas.
- the refrigerant portion having completed this heat exchange is introduced into the first compression means 141 through the conduit 1641 and compressed.
- the liquefaction process illustrated in FIG. 6 can reduce the number of compression means compared to the liquefaction process illustrated in FIG. 5, and thus, the structure of the entire liquefaction system can be simplified.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a second modification to the liquefaction process according to FIG. 5.
- the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the additional separation means 112 as shown in FIG. 7 flows into the expansion valve 133 through the conduit 181 without passing through the first heat exchange region 121.
- the expanded refrigerant portion enters the first heat exchange region 121 through the conduit 182 to further precool the natural gas.
- the refrigerant portion additionally precooled with natural gas is then introduced into the third compression means 143 through the conduit 183 and compressed.
- the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the additional separating means 112 is mixed with other refrigerant portions. Can then be compressed. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the additional separation means 112 is introduced into the first heat exchange region 121 through the conduits 181 and 182 to further precool the natural gas.
- the refrigerant may be separated through another refrigerant portion, that is, through the separation means 110, and then introduced into the first heat exchange region 121 through the conduit 163 through various processes to be mixed with the refrigerant portion that precools the natural gas.
- the mixed refrigerant portion is introduced into the first compression means 141 through the conduit 1644 and compressed.
- the liquefaction process illustrated in FIG. 8 can reduce the number of compression means compared to the liquefaction process illustrated in FIG. 7, and thus, the structure of the entire liquefaction system can be simplified.
- the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the additional separating means 112 may be separated from the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the separating means 110. After mixing, it may be used as one refrigerant stream. That is, as shown in FIG. 9, the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the additional separating means 112 through the conduit 1811, and the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the separating means 110 connects the conduit 1616. Can be mixed in one flow, and the mixed refrigerant portion is introduced into the first heat exchange region 121 through the conduit 1617 as one refrigerant flow.
- a pump may be further provided in the conduit 1811 for smooth flow of the refrigerant.
- a pump may be used to increase the pressure of the portion of the liquid refrigerant separated through the additional separating means 112 as in FIG. 9, or separated through the separating means 110 as in FIG. 11 to be described later.
- Expansion valve 137 may be used to lower the pressure of the liquid refrigerant portion.
- the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the additional separation means 112 may be supplied to the separation means 110 through the conduit 1811. .
- the refrigerant portion partially condensed through the cooling means 149 and the refrigerant portion supplied from the additional separating means 112 may be separated into a liquid refrigerant portion and a gaseous refrigerant portion.
- the pump 191 may be further provided in the conduit 1811 connecting the separating means 110 and the additional separating means 112 to smoothly flow the refrigerant.
- the pressure is lowered by expanding the liquid refrigerant portion separated through the separating means 110 through the expansion valve 137, and then adding the pressure. It may be mixed with the separated liquid refrigerant portion through the separating means 112.
- the mixed refrigerant portion may flow as one refrigerant flow. That is, the mixed refrigerant portion may precool the natural gas in the first heat exchange region 121 similarly to the liquefaction processes described above.
- the gaseous phase refrigerant portion separated through the additional separation means 112 is partially condensed through the recompression and recondensation processes similarly to the liquefaction process illustrated in FIG. 4, and then introduced into the separation means 110. That is, as shown in FIGS. 5-11, the gaseous refrigerant portion separated through the additional separation means 112 is introduced into the further compression means 144 through the conduit 1677 and further compressed, and then the conduit It enters into the cooling means 149 through 1678 and partially condenses, and then into the separating means 110 through the conduit 1679.
- the above-mentioned claim is described as a 'step of partially condensing the separated gaseous refrigerant part through an additional separation step', but this step compresses the separated gaseous refrigerant part through an additional separation step. It includes not only the case of cooling through a conventional cooler to partially condense, but also the case of further cooling and condensing through a separate cooling device, etc., without compressing the separated gaseous refrigerant portion through additional separation means.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a natural gas liquefaction process according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the liquefaction process according to the present embodiment differs from the above-described embodiments in that a distillation column is used as a separation means.
- the refrigerant portion mixed through the mixing means is introduced into the compression means 144 through the conduit 1701 and compressed. After being compressed in this way, the refrigerant portion is introduced into the distillation column 114 through the conduit 1802 and is precisely separated into the gaseous refrigerant portion and the liquid refrigerant portion with the required composition.
- the portion of the liquid refrigerant separated through the distillation tower 114 is cooled through conventional cooling means and then introduced into the first heat exchange zone 121 through the conduit 1612 and cooled.
- the coolant portion thus cooled is expanded through the expansion valve 131 and flows back into the first heat exchange region 121.
- the refrigerant portion may precool the natural gas in the first heat exchange region 121.
- the liquid refrigerant part separated through the distillation column 114 plays the same role as the first refrigerant part of the first embodiment.
- the gaseous refrigerant portion separated through the distillation column is introduced into a conventional cooling means through conduit 1683 and partially condensed.
- the condensed refrigerant part is separated into the gaseous refrigerant part and the liquid phase refrigerant part through the conventional gas-liquid separator 116, and the separated gaseous refrigerant part plays the same role as the second refrigerant part of the first embodiment described above. .
- the separated liquid refrigerant portion is supplied back to the distillation column (114). In this way, when the low-temperature liquid refrigerant is supplied to the distillation column, the refrigerant portion may be separated into the liquid refrigerant portion and the gaseous refrigerant portion more precisely in the distillation column.
- the efficiency of the liquefaction process can be improved because the characteristics of each refrigerant part can be more accurately utilized.
- the refrigerant part mixed by the mixing means passes through the first heat exchange region 221 and then is separated into a gaseous refrigerant part and a liquid refrigerant part.
- the refrigerant portion mixed through the mixing means as shown in FIG. 13 flows into the first heat exchange region 221 through the conduit 261 and partially condenses through heat exchange in the first heat exchange region 221. do.
- the condensed refrigerant portion is introduced into the separating means 210 through the conduit 262 and is separated into the liquid refrigerant portion and the gaseous refrigerant portion according to the difference in boiling point.
- the separated liquid refrigerant portion is introduced into the expansion valve 231 through the conduit 263 and expanded, and then flows back into the first heat exchange region 221 through the conduit 264 to cool other refrigerants and precool the natural gas. Let's do it.
- the refrigerant portion is then introduced into the first compression means 241 through the conduit 265 and compressed.
- the separated gaseous refrigerant portion is introduced into and condensed into the second heat exchange region 222 through the conduit 271.
- the condensed refrigerant portion thus enters and expands through conduit 272 through passage expansion valve 232.
- the coolant portion then flows back through the conduit 273 into the second heat exchange zone 222 to cool the other refrigerant and liquefy the natural gas.
- the portion of the refrigerant having undergone heat exchange with natural gas may flow into the first heat exchange region 221 through the conduit 274 to further precool the natural gas and the other refrigerant.
- the refrigerant portion is introduced into the second compression means 242 through the conduit 275 and compressed.
- This liquefaction process can be modified as shown in FIG.
- the partially condensed mixed refrigerant is separated into the gaseous refrigerant portion and the liquid phase refrigerant portion through the separating means 210.
- the separated refrigerant parts thus precool and liquefy natural gas in the same way as the liquefaction process according to the first embodiment as shown in FIG.
- the modification according to FIG. 14 further includes a third heat exchange region 223.
- This third heat exchange zone 223 partially condenses the refrigerant portion mixed by the mixing means (see heat exchange zone between conduit 261 and conduit 262) and removes the natural gas prior to precooling in the first heat exchange zone 221. Precool.
- This cooling is achieved by the introduction of refrigerant portions that have precooled or liquefied natural gas into the third heat exchange zone 223 through conduits 2634 and 2716 (heat exchange zone between conduits 2634 and conduit 2635 and between conduits 2716 and 2717). Heat exchange zones). After this heat exchange, the respective refrigerant portions passing through the third heat exchange zone 223 enter the compression means 241, 242 through the conduits 2635, 2717, respectively.
- the efficiency of the liquefaction process according to the above embodiments is compared with the conventional SMR process (see FIG. 21) or C3 / MR process (see FIG. 19) as shown in the following table.
- the existing C3 / MR process (see FIG. 19) has very high efficiency as summarized in the table below
- the liquefaction process according to the above embodiments is the same as the conventional SMR process (see FIG. 21). It can be seen that the efficiency is very good while using one closed loop refrigeration cycle.
- N2 nitrogen
- methane (C1), ethane (C2), and propane (C3) are generally used as refrigerants.
- Performance comparisons were made using only (N2), methane (C1), ethane (C2) and propane (C3).
- the comparison result may have some differences depending on how to determine the components of the mixed refrigerant in each process or how to determine the performance of the compressor.
- the liquefaction process according to the above-described embodiments may further include a refrigeration cycle for cooling the natural gas as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18. That is, as shown in FIG. 17, the natural gas is precooled through an additional refrigeration cycle, and then the liquefaction process according to the above-described embodiments ( Natural gas can be liquefied. As shown in FIG. 18, the natural gas may be cooled through the liquefaction process according to the above embodiments, and then the natural gas may be supercooled through an additional refrigeration cycle.
- the liquefaction process according to the above embodiments may be used as one independent liquefaction process for liquefying natural gas itself, but may be used together with other independent liquefaction processes to be used as part of the overall liquefaction process.
- the present invention uses a single refrigeration cycle, so that the structure of the liquefaction process is simple, the system is compact, and the system is easy to operate, and after the mixed refrigerant is separated into two refrigerant parts, there is no mixing between the refrigerant parts. Since the steps of condensation (cooling), expansion, heat exchange, and compression are performed separately, conditions for optimum temperature and pressure can be applied to the separated refrigerant parts, thereby improving the efficiency of the liquefaction process.
- a natural gas liquefaction process which has industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
액화사이클 | kWh/kg LNG | 기존의 SMR 기준 | 기존의 C3/MR 기준 |
기존의 SMR 공정(도 21 참조) | 0.4760 | 100% | 162% |
기존의 C3/MR 공정(도 19 참조) | 0.2945 | 62% | 100% |
도 1에 따른액화공정 | 0.3204 | 67% | 109% |
도 7에 따른액화공정 | 0.3085 | 65% | 105% |
도 8에 따른액화공정 | 0.3085 | 65% | 105% |
도 9에 따른액화공정 | 0.3177 | 67% | 108% |
도 10에 따른액화공정 | 0.3281 | 69% | 111% |
도 11에 따른액화공정 | 0.3288 | 69% | 112% |
Claims (22)
- 혼합 냉매를 채용한 한 개의 폐 루프 냉동 사이클(closed loop refrigeration cycle)을 이용하여 제1 열교환 영역에서의 냉매와의 열교환을 통해 천연가스를 예냉시키고 제2 열교환 영역에서의 냉매와의 열교환을 통해 예냉된 천연가스를 액화시키는 천연가스 액화공정에 있어서,상기 폐 루프 냉동 사이클은,부분적으로 응축된 혼합 냉매를 액상 냉매 부분과 기상 냉매 부분으로 분리하는 분리 단계;상기 액상 냉매 부분을 이용하여 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서 상기 천연가스를 예냉하는 예냉 단계;상기 기상 냉매 부분을 이용하여 상기 제2 열교환 영역에서 예냉된 천연가스를 액화하는 액화 단계;상기 예냉 단계 이후에 상기 예냉 단계를 통해 상기 천연가스를 예냉시킨 냉매 부분을 압축하는 제1 압축 단계;상기 액화 단계 이후에 상기 액화 단계를 통해 상기 천연가스를 액화시킨 냉매 부분을 압축하는 제2 압축 단계; 및상기 제1, 2 압축 단계를 통해 압축된 각각의 냉매 부분을 혼합하는 혼합 단계를 포함하며,상기 액상 냉매 부분과 상기 기상 냉매 부분은 상기 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 이후에 상호간의 혼합 없이 독립된 루프를 경유하다 상기 혼합 단계에서 상호 혼합되는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 예냉 단계는, 상기 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분을 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서의 열교환을 통해 냉각하는 단계, 냉각된 냉매 부분을 팽창하는 단계, 및 팽창된 냉매 부분과 상기 천연가스를 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서 열교환시켜 상기 천연가스를 냉각하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 팽창하는 단계는 응축된 냉매 부분을 팽창기(expander)를 통해 일차적으로 팽창하는 단계, 및 일차적으로 팽창된 냉매 부분을 팽창 밸브(expansion valve)를 통해 이차적으로 팽창하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 액화 단계는, 상기 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 기상 냉매 부분을 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서의 열교환을 통해 냉각하는 단계, 냉각된 냉매 부분을 상기 제2 열교환 영역에서의 열교환을 통해 응축하는 단계, 응축된 냉매 부분을 팽창하는 단계, 및 팽창된 냉매 부분과 상기 천연가스를 상기 제2 열교환 영역에서 열교환시켜 상기 천연가스를 냉각하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 천연가스를 냉각하는 단계를 통해 상기 제2 열교환 영역에서 상기 천연가스와의 열교환을 마친 냉매 부분을 이용하여 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서 상기 천연가스를 추가적으로 예냉하는 단계를 더 포함하며, 상기 제2 압축 단계는 상기 천연가스를 추가적으로 예냉하는 단계를 통해 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서 상기 천연가스와의 열교환을 마친 냉매 부분을 압축하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 팽창하는 단계는 응축된 냉매 부분을 팽창기(expander)를 통해 일차적으로 팽창하는 단계, 및 일차적으로 팽창된 냉매 부분을 팽창 밸브(expansion valve)를 통해 이차적으로 팽창하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 압축 단계를 통해 압축된 냉매 부분을 냉각하여 냉매 온도를 낮추는 제1 냉각 단계, 및 상기 제2 압축 단계를 통해 압축된 냉매 부분을 냉각하여 냉매 온도를 낮추는 제2 냉각 단계를 더 포함하며, 상기 혼합 단계는 상기 제1, 2 냉각 단계를 통해 냉각된 각각의 냉매 부분을 혼합하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 혼합 단계를 통해 혼합된 냉매 부분을 재압축하는 단계, 및 재압축된 냉매 부분을 냉각하여 부분적으로 응축하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 혼합 단계를 통해 혼합된 냉매 부분을 냉각하여 부분적으로 응축하는 응축 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 혼합 단계를 통해 혼합된 냉매 부분을 액상 냉매 부분과 기상 냉매 부분으로 분리하는 추가 분리 단계, 상기 추가 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분을 이용하여 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서 상기 천연가스를 추가적으로 예냉하는 추가 예냉 단계, 상기 추가 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 기상 냉매 부분을 압축하는 추가 압축 단계, 및 상기 추가 압축 단계를 통해 압축된 냉매 부분을 냉각하여 부분적으로 응축하는 단계를 더 포함하며, 상기 분리 단계는 상기 응축하는 단계를 통해 부분적으로 응축된 냉매 부분을 액상 냉매 부분과 기상 냉매 부분으로 분리하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 예냉 단계를 통해 상기 천연가스를 예냉시킨 냉매 부분과 상기 추가 예냉 단계를 통해 상기 천연가스를 추가적으로 예냉시킨 냉매 부분을 혼합하는 추가 혼합 단계를 더 포함하며, 상기 제1 압축 단계는 상기 추가 혼합 단계를 통해 혼합된 냉매 부분을 압축하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 추가 예냉 단계 이후에 상기 추가 예냉 단계를 통해 상기 천연가스를 추가적으로 예냉시킨 냉매 부분을 압축하는 제3 압축 단계를 더 포함하며, 상기 혼합 단계는 상기 제1, 2, 3 압축 단계를 통해 압축된 각각의 냉매 부분을 혼합하고, 상기 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분과 기상 냉매 부분, 그리고 상기 추가 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분은 상기 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 이후에, 그리고 상기 추가 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 이후에 상호간의 혼합 없이 독립된 루프를 경유하다 상기 혼합 단계에서 상호 혼합되는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 추가 예냉 단계는, 상기 추가 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분을 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서의 열교환을 통해 냉각하는 단계, 냉각된 냉매 부분을 팽창하는 단계, 및 팽창된 냉매 부분과 상기 천연가스를 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서 열교환시켜 상기 천연가스를 냉각하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 추가 예냉 단계는, 상기 추가 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분을 팽창하는 단계, 및 팽창된 냉매 부분과 상기 천연가스를 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서 열교환시켜 상기 천연가스를 냉각하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 예냉 단계는, 상기 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분을 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서의 열교환을 통해 냉각하는 단계, 및 냉각된 냉매 부분을 팽창하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 추가 예냉 단계는, 상기 추가 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분을 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서의 열교환을 통해 냉각하는 단계, 및 냉각된 냉매 부분을 팽창하는 단계를 포함하며,상기 예냉 단계의 팽창하는 단계를 통해 팽창된 냉매 부분과 상기 추가 예냉 단계의 팽창하는 단계를 통해 팽창된 냉매 부분은 서로 혼합된 다음에 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서의 열교환을 통해 상기 천연가스를 냉각하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 혼합 단계를 통해 혼합된 냉매 부분을 액상 냉매 부분과 기상 냉매 부분으로 분리하는 추가 분리 단계, 상기 추가 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 기상 냉매 부분을 압축하는 추가 압축 단계, 상기 추가 압축 단계를 통해 압축된 냉매 부분을 냉각하여 부분적으로 응축하는 단계, 및 상기 추가 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분의 압력과 상기 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분의 압력을 맞춘 다음에 두 냉매 부분을 혼합하는 단계를 더 포함하며, 상기 분리 단계는 상기 추가 압축 단계 및 상기 응축하는 단계를 통해 부분적으로 응축된 냉매 부분을 액상 냉매 부분과 기상 냉매 부분으로 분리하고, 상기 예냉 단계는 상기 두 냉매 부분을 혼합하는 단계를 통해 혼합된 냉매 부분을 이용하여 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서 상기 천연가스를 예냉하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 16에 있어서,상기 두 냉매 부분을 혼합하는 단계는, 상기 추가 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분의 압력을 높이거나, 또는 상기 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분의 압력을 낮춰서, 두 냉매 부분의 압력을 맞추는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 혼합 단계를 통해 혼합된 냉매 부분을 액상 냉매 부분과 기상 냉매 부분으로 분리하는 추가 분리 단계, 상기 추가 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 기상 냉매 부분을 압축하는 추가 압축 단계, 상기 추가 압축 단계를 통해 압축된 냉매 부분을 냉각하여 부분적으로 응축하는 단계, 및 상기 추가 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분을 상기 분리 단계로 공급하는 단계를 더 포함하며, 상기 분리 단계는 상기 응축하는 단계를 통해 부분적으로 응축된 냉매 부분과 상기 공급하는 단계로부터 공급받은 냉매 부분을 액상 냉매 부분과 기상 냉매 부분으로 분리하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 분리 단계는 부분적으로 응축된 혼합 냉매를 증류탑을 통해 액상 냉매 부분과 기상 냉매 부분으로 분리하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 예냉 단계를 통해 상기 천연가스를 예냉시킨 냉매 부분을 제3 열교환 영역으로 유입시키는 단계, 상기 액화 단계를 통해 상기 천연가스를 액화시킨 냉매 부분을 상기 제3 열교환 영역으로 유입시키는 단계, 및 상기 혼합 단계를 통해 혼합된 냉매 부분을 제3 열교환 영역에서의 열교환을 통해 부분적으로 응축하는 단계를 더 포함하며, 상기 천연가스는 상기 예냉하는 단계 이전에 상기 제3 열교환 영역에서의 열교환을 통해 예비적으로 예냉되고, 상기 제3 열교환 영역으로 유입되어 열교환을 각각 마친 2개의 냉매 부분은 상기 제1 및 제2 압축 단계를 통해 각각 압축되는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 분리 단계의 부분적으로 응축된 혼합 냉매는 상기 분리 단계 이전에 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서의 열교환을 통해 부분적으로 응축된 다음에 상기 분리 단계에서 액상 냉매 부분과 기상 냉매 부분으로 분리되는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
- 청구항 21에 있어서,상기 예냉 단계는, 상기 분리 단계를 통해 분리된 액상 냉매 부분을 팽창하는 단계, 및 팽창된 냉매 부분과 상기 천연가스를 상기 제1 열교환 영역에서 열교환시켜 상기 천연가스를 냉각하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 천연가스 액화공정.
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WO2012023752A3 (ko) | 2012-05-03 |
AU2011292831B2 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
CN103038587A (zh) | 2013-04-10 |
AU2011292831A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
US10030908B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
US20130133362A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
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