JP2019502653A - デスレセプター4及びデスレセプター5に結合する非常に強力な抗体 - Google Patents
デスレセプター4及びデスレセプター5に結合する非常に強力な抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- C07K2317/31—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency multispecific
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、参照によりその全体が全ての目的のために組み込まれる、US 62/248,782(2105年10月30日出願)の利益を主張する。
本発明は概して、新規の生物製剤を開発するためのモノクローナル抗体(mAb)及び組換えDNA技術の組み合わせに関し、より具体的には、例えば、デスレセプター4及び5に結合し活性化するモノクローナル抗体の産生に関する。
腫瘍壊死因子関連アポトーシス誘導リガンド(TRAIL、Apo2リガンドとしても知られ、Apo2L又はApo2L/TRAILとも命名される)は、TNFリガンドスーパーファミリーのメンバーである(IAM van Roosmalen et al., Biochem Pharmacol 91:447−456, 2014においてレビューされている)。TRAILは、刺激依存的に免疫系の多くの細胞上で発現し、例えば、NK細胞媒介細胞傷害における重要なエフェクター分子として、免疫応答を調節する(C Falschlehner et al., Immunol 127:145−154, 2009)。TRAILは、細胞膜レセプターである、デスレセプター4(DR4、TRAIL−R1とも呼ばれる)及び/又はデスレセプター5(DR5、TRAIL−R2又はApo2とも呼ばれる)に結合することによって、外因性アポトーシス経路を活性化し、したがって、感受性細胞の殺滅を誘導する。より具体的には、TRAILの活性型の可溶性形態は、高い親和性で3つのレセプター分子の細胞外ドメインに結合する、自己集合性非共有結合性ホモ三量体である。これは、細胞内デスドメインのオリゴマー化及びホモマー又はヘテロマー複合体の形成を誘導し(FC Kischkel et al., Immunity 12:611−620, 2000)、これに、デスドメインを有するFas関連タンパク質(FADD)の動員及び死誘導シグナル伝達複合体(DISC)の形成が続き、カスパーゼの活性化、及び次いでアポトーシス、すなわちプログラムされた細胞死につながる(van Roosmalen et al., 前掲書を参照されたい)。
本発明は、DR4及びDR5に結合するモノクローナル抗体(mAb)、例えばD114及びG4.2など、及びそれらのヒト化形態を提供する。一つの実施形態において、本発明は、2対の重鎖及び軽鎖を含む二重特異性モノクローナル抗体を提供し、ここで、各重鎖/軽鎖対が、DR4に結合するドメイン及びDR5に結合するドメインを含む。他の実施態様において、本発明は、DR4に対する4つの結合ドメイン、又はDR5に対する4つの結合ドメインを有する、マルチマーモノクローナル抗体を提供する。好ましい実施形態において、抗体は、Bs(scFv)4−IgG抗体(この用語は以下に定められる)の形態を有する。二重特異性mAb又はマルチマーmAbのいずれかにおいて、各結合ドメインは好ましくは、D114及びG4.2のヒト化形態などの、ヒト化又はヒトmAb由来である。また、本発明の任意のmAbは、細胞Fcガンマレセプター(FcγR)、例えばFcγRIIbへの結合を強化する突然変異、例えば、ガンマ−1定常領域中のS267E及び/又はL328F突然変異(Euインデックスを用いるKabatナンバリングに従う)、好ましくは2以上のそのような突然変異、を含む定常領域を含むことができる。有利には、mAbは、マウスにおけるヒト腫瘍異種移植片の増殖を阻害する。別の態様において、これらのmAbのうち任意のものを含む医薬組成物が提供される。第3の態様において、そのような医薬組成物は、がん又は他の疾患を処置するために患者に投与される。
1.抗体
本明細書中で使用されるように、「抗体」は、抗原に結合することのできる1又は複数のドメインを含むタンパク質を意味し、ここで、そのようなドメインは、天然抗体の可変ドメインに由来するか、又は相同性である。モノクローナル抗体(「mAb」)は、様々な抗体の混合物とは対照的な、ただ一つの種類のみの抗体である。文脈によって特に指示のない限り、本明細書に記載される抗体は概してモノクローナルである。抗体の「抗原」は、抗体が特異的に結合する化合物を意味し、典型的にはポリペプチドであるが、小さいペプチド又は小分子ハプテン又は炭水化物又は他の部分であることもできる。抗体の例は、天然の完全長4量体抗体;Fv、Fab、Fab'及び(Fab')2などの抗体断片;一本鎖(scFv)抗体(Huston et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879, 1988; Bird et al., Science 242:423, 1988);単一アーム抗体(Nguyen et al., Cancer Gene Ther 10:840, 2003);及び二重特異性、キメラ及びヒト化抗体(これらの用語は以下でさらに説明する)を含む。抗体は、鶏、げっ歯類(例えば、マウス、ラット及びハムスター)、ウサギ、ラクダ、霊長類及びヒトを含む、任意の脊椎動物種に由来し得る。定常ドメインを含む抗体は、以下のうちの任意のものであってよい:既知のアイソタイプIgG、IgA、IgM、IgD及びIgE及びそれらのサブタイプ、例えば、ヒトIgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4及びマウスIgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b、及びIgG3、及びそれらのアロタイプ及びイソアロタイプ(アロタイプ及びイソアロタイプにおいて多型位置を占める残基の順列を含む)。抗体はまた、キメラアイソタイプであってもよい。すなわち、その定常(C)領域のうち1又は複数は、異なるアイソタイプ由来の領域、例えば、ガンマ−1 CH1領域を、ガンマ−2、ガンマ−3及び/又はガンマ−4遺伝子に由来する、ヒンジであるCH2及び/又はCH3ドメインと共に、含むことができる。補体媒介性細胞傷害又はADCCなどのエフェクター機能を低減する又は増加させるために(例えば、Winter et al.,米国特許第5,624,821号;Tso et al., 米国特許第5,834,597号;及びLazar et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:4005, 2006を参照されたい)、又はヒトにおける半減期を延長するために(例えば、Hinton et al., J Biol Chem 279:6213, 2004を参照されたい)、抗体は、定常領域に置換を含んでもよい。
DR4に結合するモノクローナル抗体(すなわち、抗DR4 mAb)、又はそれぞれ、DR5に結合する抗体(すなわち、抗DR5 mAb)は、細胞膜レセプターDR4又はそれぞれDR5へのmAbの結合が、少なくともいくつかのタイプの細胞にアポトーシスシグナルを伝達し、結果としてアポトーシスを誘導する場合に、アゴニストであると言われる。そのような抗体は、ブロッキングであってもノンブロッキングであってもよい、すなわち、Apo2L/TRAILの、DR4又はDR5それぞれへの結合を阻害しても阻害しなくてもよい。本発明のアゴニストmAbは、DR4及びDR5及び第2の抗原のうちいずれかに結合する、又はDR4及びDR5の両方に結合する、二重特異性抗体であってよく、例えば、0.1、1、10、100、1000、又は10,000ng/mLの濃度で、例えば、WST−8アッセイを使用して、例えば細胞代謝の阻害によって測定されるように、およそ25%、50%、75%、90%、95%、99%又はそれ以上だけ、細胞生存性を阻害する又はアポトーシスを誘導する。そのような細胞株は、例えば、COLO 205又はSW480結腸腫瘍株、H460肺がん株、又はBxPC−3膵臓がん細胞株であってよい。そのような活性は、mAb単独の使用によって、又は末梢血単核細胞などのヒト細胞の存在下、又はmAbを架橋する抗体、例えばヤギ抗IgG−Fc(例えば、10μg/mL)の存在下で、得られ得る。活性は典型的には、mAbプラス細胞プラス任意の他の薬剤の、37℃で一晩のインキュベーションの後に測定される。
一つの実施形態において、本発明は、DR4に結合する少なくとも1つの結合ドメイン及びDR5に結合する少なくとも1つの結合ドメインを含む、二重特異性モノクローナル抗体を提供する。そのような抗体は、本明細書中で、二重特異性DR4/DR5抗体又はmAbと呼ばれる。好ましい実施形態において、各結合ドメインは、ヒト化又はヒトmAbに由来する。好ましい実施形態において、二重特異性抗体は、DR4に結合する2以上の結合ドメイン及びDR5に結合する2以上の結合ドメインを含み、しばしば、DR4への2つの結合ドメインは同じであり、DR5への2つの結合ドメインは同じである。いずれにしても、二重特異性mAbは好ましくは、上述のようなアゴニストである、すなわち、がん細胞などの感受性細胞において、DR4及び/又はDR5を介してアポトーシスシグナルを誘導する。例示的な二重特異性mAbは、本明細書中に開示される、4H6抗DR4 mAb又はD114 mAb又はそれらのヒト化形態の結合ドメイン、及び本明細書中に開示される、3H3抗DR5 mAb又はG4.2 mAb又はそれらのヒト化形態の結合ドメインを含む。
好ましい実施形態において、本発明は、本明細書に記載される任意の抗体、例えば、B−DR5/DR4−hFc、B−DR5/DR4−hFc**、B−DR4/DR5−hFc又はB−DR4/DR5−hFc**二重特異性mAb、又はB−DR4/DR4−hFc、B−DR4/DR4−hFc**、B−DR5/DR5−hFc又はB−DR5/DR5−hFc**マルチマーmAb、並びにHuD114−hFc**及びHuG4.2−hFc**などのD114及びG4.2のヒト化形態、を含む医薬製剤を提供する。医薬製剤は、生理的に許容されるキャリア中に、任意選択的に添加剤又は安定剤と共に、凍結乾燥された溶液又は水溶液の形態で、mAbを含有する。許容されるキャリア、添加剤又は安定剤は、採用される用量及び濃度で受容者に無毒であり、典型的には5.0〜8.0の、ほとんどの場合は6.0〜7.0のpHの、リン酸塩、クエン酸塩、又は酢酸塩などのバッファー;等張にするための、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウムなどの塩;抗酸化剤、保存料、低分子量ポリペプチド、タンパク質、ポリソルベート80などの親水性ポリマー、アミノ酸、炭水化物、キレート剤、糖、及び当業者に知られる他の標準的成分(Remington's Pharmaceutical Science 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. 1980)を含む。mAbは典型的には、0.1〜1mg/kg又は1〜100mg/mlであるが、ほとんどの場合は10〜50mg/ml、例えば、10、20、30、40又は50mg/mlの濃度で存在する。
本発明のmAbは、診断方法、予後診断方法、及び実験室的方法においても用途がある。それらは、腫瘍中の又は腫瘍を有する患者の循環中のDR4及び/又はDR5のレベルを測定するために、そしてそれ故に腫瘍の処置を監視及び誘導するために、使用され得る。例えば、高いレベルのDR4及び/又はDR5に関連する腫瘍は、mAbでの処置に特に感受性であるだろう。具体的な実施形態において、mAbをELISA又はラジオイムノアッセイにおいて使用して、例えば、腫瘍生検標本中の又は血清中の、DR4及び/又はDR5のレベルを測定することができる。DR4及びDR5の両方を発現する細胞を検出するために、1つの抗DR4 mAb及び1つの抗DR5 mAbの使用が、特に有用である。様々なアッセイのために、mAbを、蛍光分子、スピン標識分子、酵素又は放射性同位元素で標識してよく、アッセイを実施するために必要な全ての試薬を備えるキットの形態で提供してよい。他の用途において、mAbを使用して、例えば、アフィニティークロマトグラフィーによって、DR4又はDR5を精製する。
<例1:抗DR4及び抗DR5 mAbの発生>
加えて、本明細書中に開示されるmAbを比較するために、いくつかの他の抗DR5 mAbを、それらの公開された配列:ヒトmAbドロジツマブ(Apomab;米国特許第8,030,023号の図17及び18)及びコナツムマブ(AMG655;WO2012/106556の図19)、及びマウスmAb TRA−8(米国特許第7,244,429号の図23及び24)に基いて、構築した。
Claims (21)
- デスレセプターに結合するモノクローナル抗体(mAb)であって、
図5AのD114の軽鎖V領域配列由来の3つのCDRを有する軽鎖可変(V)領域及び図5BのD114の重鎖V領域配列由来の3つのCDRを有する重鎖V領域を含む、又は図5CのG4.2の軽鎖V領域配列由来の3つのCDRを有する軽鎖V領域及び図5DのG4.2の重鎖V領域配列由来の3つのCDRを有する重鎖V領域を含む、
mAb。 - ヒト化抗体である、請求項1に記載のmAb。
- 前記mAbが、図5AのHuD114−L1と少なくとも90%同一の配列を有する軽鎖V領域及び図5BのHuD114−H1又はHuD114−H2と少なくとも90%同一の配列を有する重鎖V領域を含み、ここで、Kabatナンバリングによる軽鎖位置48及び71が、それぞれV及びYによって占められ、Kabatナンバリングによる重鎖位置48及び71が、それぞれL及びAによって占められる、又は
前記mAbが、図5CのHuG4.2−L1又はHuG4.2−L2と少なくとも90%同一の配列を有する軽鎖V領域及び図5DのHuG4.2−H1又はHuG4.2−H2と少なくとも90%同一の配列を有する重鎖V領域を含み、ここで、Kabatナンバリングによる軽鎖位置4及び68が、それぞれL及びRによって占められ、Kabatナンバリングによる重鎖位置27、28、30及び93が、それぞれL、P、N及びTによって占められる、
請求項2に記載のmAb。 - 前記mAbが、図5AのHuD114−L1の配列を有する軽鎖V領域及び図5BのHuD114−H1又はHuD114−H2の配列を有する重鎖V領域を含む、又は前記mAbが、図5CのHuG4.2−L1又はHuG4.2−L2の配列を有する軽鎖V領域及び図5DのHuG4.2−H1又はHuG4.2−H2の配列を有する重鎖V領域を含む、
請求項2に記載のmAb。 - マウスにおけるヒト腫瘍異種移植片の増殖を阻害する、請求項1に記載のmAb。
- 二重特異性抗体である、請求項1に記載のmAb。
- ヒトFcガンマレセプターへの結合を増加させる1又は複数の突然変異を有するヒト定常領域を含む、請求項1に記載のmAb。
- 前記ヒト定常領域がガンマ−1定常領域であり、前記1又は複数の突然変異が、S267E及びL328F突然変異のうち1つ又は両方を含む、請求項7に記載のmAb。
- 医薬的に許容されるキャリア中に請求項1に記載の抗体を含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項9に記載の医薬組成物を投与することを含む、がんを患っている患者を処置する方法。
- 2対の重鎖及び軽鎖を含む二重特異性抗体であって、各重鎖/軽鎖対が、DR4に結合するドメイン及びDR5に結合するドメインを含む、二重特異性抗体。
- Bs(scFv)4−IgG二重特異性抗体である、請求項11に記載の二重特異性抗体。
- 各結合ドメインが、ヒト化又はヒトモノクローナル抗体由来である、請求項11に記載の二重特異性抗体。
- ヒトFcガンマレセプターへの結合を増加させる1又は複数の突然変異を有するヒト定常領域を含む、請求項11に記載の二重特異性抗体。
- 前記ヒト定常領域がガンマ−1定常領域であり、前記1又は複数の突然変異が、S267E及びL328F突然変異のうち1つ又は両方を含む、請求項14に記載の二重特異性抗体。
- 医薬的に許容されるキャリア中に請求項11に記載の二重特異性抗体を含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項16に記載の医薬組成物を投与することを含む、がんを患っている患者を処置する方法。
- モノクローナル抗体(mAb)であって、前記mAbがデスレセプターに結合し、前記mAbが2以上の突然変異を有するヒト定常領域を含み、前記突然変異のそれぞれが、ヒトFcガンマレセプター、任意選択的にFcガンマレセプターIIbへの結合を増加させる、mAb。
- 前記ヒト定常領域がガンマ−1定常領域であり、前記2以上の突然変異が、S267E及びL328F突然変異のうち1つ又は両方を含む、請求項18に記載のmAb。
- 請求項18に記載のmAbを含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項20に記載の医薬組成物を投与することを含む、がんを患っている患者を処置する方法。
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PCT/US2016/059517 WO2017075484A2 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2016-10-28 | Highly potent antibodies binding to death receptor 4 and death receptor 5 |
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MX2022000317A (es) | 2022-02-10 |
JP6869553B2 (ja) | 2021-05-12 |
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US20190062443A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
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EP3368076A4 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
US20210238297A1 (en) | 2021-08-05 |
EP3368076A2 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
CN109195626A (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
US10941204B2 (en) | 2021-03-09 |
JP2021104050A (ja) | 2021-07-26 |
US11891446B2 (en) | 2024-02-06 |
WO2017075484A2 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
WO2017075484A3 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
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