JP2019500564A - 複合繊維セラミックを含有する熱透過性チューブ - Google Patents
複合繊維セラミックを含有する熱透過性チューブ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019500564A JP2019500564A JP2018519773A JP2018519773A JP2019500564A JP 2019500564 A JP2019500564 A JP 2019500564A JP 2018519773 A JP2018519773 A JP 2018519773A JP 2018519773 A JP2018519773 A JP 2018519773A JP 2019500564 A JP2019500564 A JP 2019500564A
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- tube
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- fiber composite
- rotary
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
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Abstract
Description
xは、0.015〜0.13の範囲、
aは、0.3〜0.7の範囲、
bは、0〜0.35の範囲、
cは、0.2〜0.5の範囲、
dは、0〜0.03の範囲であり、
a+b+c+d=1である]の化合物
である。
hは、0.8〜0.85の範囲、
iは、0.15〜0.20の範囲、
jは、0.01〜0.05の範囲、
rは、0〜0.4の範囲である。
(a)少なくとも1種のリチウム塩、並びに遷移金属酸化物、遷移金属オキシ水酸化物、遷移金属水酸化物、及び遷移金属炭酸塩から選択される前駆体(遷移金属水酸化物及び遷移金属オキシ水酸化物が好ましい)を混合する工程、
(b)工程(a)で得られた混合物の、300〜700℃の範囲の温度での予備か焼(precalcination)、
(c)工程(b)から得られた予備か焼された混合物の550℃〜950℃の範囲の温度でのか焼、
の3工程を含む。
図1は、側面から見た断面図で、3ゾーンの加熱ゾーン[3]を有する間接加熱回転式チューブ炉の概略図である。前記回転軸は一点鎖線で示される。この図では、外側チューブ[4]より若干短い内側チューブ[2]の端面で封止されるチューブの外周[1]が示される。前記外側チューブ[4]は、この実例となる図においては、入口及び出口に、越流堰(overflow weir)を有する;これらは任意である。
Li2CO3とMO(O)前駆体粒子(M=Ni、Co及びMn(モル比1:1:1)、平均粒径10μm)との乾燥混合物を製造した。Li2CO3のMO(O)に対する質量比は、1:2であった。混合物を得た。
比較実験:NCMカソード材料の金属チューブでのか焼。NCMカソード材料は腐食物であり、約700℃超での回転式チューブにおける熱処理中に、前記チューブ壁に強く付着する傾向がある。このことは、ノッカー又はスクレーパー(scraper)等の補助装置の使用を必要にさせる。そのような補助装置の使用なしでは、前記チューブの内壁は、凝結した材料で完全に覆われることになる。
II.1.1:ニッケル基合金を含むチューブの使用
I.からの混合物を、供給スクリューを介して、グレード2.4851のニッケル基合金を含むチューブを有する「Linn High Therm」からの回転式チューブ炉(チューブ長さ2m、その1mが3ゾーンで加熱され、内側チューブ径100mmであり、内部構造物はない)中に供給した。混合物の供給速度は、1.3kg/時間に設定した。前記炉は、それぞれ330mmの長さを有する3ゾーンの加熱ゾーンを有し、前記回転式チューブ炉中の熱処理の実例となる場合は、これらは550℃、675℃、及び675℃に設定した。前記チューブの傾斜は1°であり、回転速度は毎分2回転であった。ノッカーは使用しなかった。
I.からの混合物を、製造業者「Harper International」からの回転式チューブ炉中で熱処理した。ここでは、内部構造物がなく、鋼鉄合金「SS330」を含み、10フィート(US、3.05mに相当する)の全長、10インチ(25.4cm)の内径を有するチューブを使用した。全長の内、8フィート(2.44m)を、それぞれ2フィート(0.61m)の長さを有する4ゾーンの加熱ゾーンで加熱した。加熱ゾーンの温度は、550℃(第1ゾーン)、及び675℃(ゾーン2〜4)に設定した。
実験II.1.1と同様な方法で、か焼を2.4851(ニッケル基合金)を含むチューブを有する同じ回転式チューブ炉中で900℃で実施した。
III.1:酸化アルミニウムについての材料試験/汚染試験
材料試験において、高密度に焼成された、又は多孔質のセラミックの形態、及び繊維複合セラミック(Al2O3/Al2O3)としての形態の両方で、酸化アルミニウムは、処理する材料に対して耐性であることが示された。
アルミニウムのための材料試験と同様な方法で、I.の通り、未処理の混合物を、各サイクルの前に試験プレート上に置いた。試験プレートは、100×100mmの寸法で、2〜3mmの厚さを有するプレートであった。
繊維複合セラミック、Al2O3/Al2O3を含む内壁、鋼鉄SS330を含む外壁を有する回転式チューブ反応器を組立てることで、800℃で、50W/(m2・K)超、ただし5000W/(m2・K)未満の熱伝導率と壁厚の比(伝熱係数)を有する本発明に従う回転式チューブ炉を得る。前記チューブの傾斜は1.5°に設定し得る。I.からの混合物を8.4kg/時間で本発明に従う回転式チューブ炉に供給し、675℃で、毎分1.5回転の回転速度で、向流で10標準m3/時間の空気流入でか焼する場合、結果として得られるカソード材料は、II.1.2で製造されたカソード材料よりもFe及びCrによる汚染が低いことが見出される。接合されたチューブは、前記チューブ壁に凝結することを防止するノッカーの使用を可能にする。
Claims (11)
- 少なくとも二重壁構造を有するチューブであって、内壁の材料は繊維複合セラミックを含み、外壁の材料は金属を含み、前記少なくとも二重壁のチューブ壁は、800℃で、50W/(m2・K)超の熱伝導率と壁厚の比(伝熱係数)を有するチューブ。
- 繊維、及び/又はマトリックスとして、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、希土類、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Zn、B、Al、Ga、Si、Ge、Sn、Re、Ru、Os、lr、Inの群からの元素の酸化物、又はこれらの酸化物の少なくとも2種の混合物が使用される請求項1に記載のチューブ。
- 繊維複合セラミックとして、SiC/SiC、 C/SiC、 ZrO2/ZrO2、 ZrO2/Al2O3、 Al2O3/ZrO2、 Al2O3/Al2O3、及び/又はムライト/ムライトが使用される請求項1又は2に記載のチューブ。
- 100〜500mmの範囲のチューブ内径で、前記繊維複合セラミックの壁厚が1mm〜10mmの範囲であり、前記金属材料の壁厚が2nm〜30mmの範囲である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のチューブ。
- 200mm〜500mmの範囲の内径で、前記総壁厚が2mm〜100mmであり、前記繊維複合セラミックを含む壁の厚さが、前記総壁厚の90%未満である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のチューブ。
- 少なくとも二重壁構造を有するチューブであって、少なくとも1の壁の材料が繊維複合セラミックを含み、少なくとも他の1層の壁の材料が金属を含むチューブ。
- 800℃で、50W/(m2・K)超の熱伝導率と壁厚の比(伝熱係数)を有する請求項6に記載の回転式チューブ。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のチューブを含む回転式チューブ。
- チューブ材料として繊維複合セラミックを含む回転式チューブ、又は請求項6〜8のいずれか1項に記載の回転式チューブを含む回転式チューブ炉。
- 熱処理、酸化、還元、表面処理、相形成、(再)結晶化、乾燥、分解、焼却、熱分解、ガス化、及び/又は合成のための請求項9に記載の回転式チューブ炉の使用方法。
- アルカリ性材料のか焼のための請求項9に記載の回転式チューブ炉の使用方法。
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JP6945526B2 (ja) | 2021-10-06 |
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US20190062224A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
US10508058B2 (en) | 2019-12-17 |
KR102632660B1 (ko) | 2024-02-01 |
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