JP2019139204A - 偏光板および画像表示装置 - Google Patents
偏光板および画像表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019139204A JP2019139204A JP2018176568A JP2018176568A JP2019139204A JP 2019139204 A JP2019139204 A JP 2019139204A JP 2018176568 A JP2018176568 A JP 2018176568A JP 2018176568 A JP2018176568 A JP 2018176568A JP 2019139204 A JP2019139204 A JP 2019139204A
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- film
- polarizing plate
- polarizer
- adhesive
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- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
偏光子5の一方の面に貼り合わせられる透明保護フィルム1は、アクリル系フィルム11の一方の面に易接着層15を備える易接着フィルムである。偏光板の作製時には、透明保護フィルム1の易接着層15形成面が、接着剤層6を介してPVA系偏光子5と貼り合わせられることが好ましい。
アクリル系フィルム11は、アクリル系樹脂を含む。アクリル系樹脂としては、ポリメタクリル酸メチル等のポリ(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、メタクリル酸メチル−(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体、メタクリル酸メチル−(メタ)アクリル酸エステル共重合体、メタクリル酸メチル−アクリル酸エステル−(メタ)アクリル酸共重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸メチル−スチレン共重合体(MS樹脂等)、脂環族炭化水素基を有する重合体(例えば、メタクリル酸メチル−メタクリル酸シクロヘキシル共重合体、メタクリル酸メチル−(メタ)アクリル酸ノルボルニル共重合体等)が挙げられる。
アクリル系フィルム11の表面に設けられる易接着層15は、ウレタン樹脂および微粒を含む。ウレタン樹脂を含む易接着層15が設けられることにより、易接着フィルム1と偏光子5との接着性を向上できる。易接着層15が微粒子を含むことにより、易接着フィルム1の表面に微細な凹凸が形成され、フィルムの滑り性が向上する。そのため、易接着フィルム1のロール搬送時の傷付きの低減や、ロール状に巻き取る際のブロッキング抑制に寄与する。
易接着層15の主構成成分であるウレタン樹脂は、代表的には、ポリオールとポリイソシアネートの反応生成物である。ポリオール成分としては、ポリアクリルポリオール、ポリエステルポリオール、ポリエーテルポリオール等の高分子ポリオールが好ましく用いられる。
易接着層15の微粒子は、易接着層の表面に微細な凹凸形状を形成できるものであればその材料や粒子径は特に限定されない。易接着層の表面への凹凸形成により、易接着フィルム1の滑り性を高める観点から、微粒子の粒子径(平均一次粒子径)は、10nm以上が好ましく、15nm以上がより好ましく、20nm以上がさらに好ましい。微粒子の平均一次粒子径が可視光波長よりも小さいことにより、ウレタン樹脂と微粒子との界面での可視光の散乱が抑制され、偏光板の消偏等の光学特性への影響を低減できる。そのため、微粒子の粒子径は150nm以下が好ましく、100nm以下がより好ましく、60nm以下がさらに好ましく、50nm以下が特に好ましい。
微粒子の分散性を高めるために、アミンやアンモニア等のアルカリ成分を用いると、易接着層には不可避的にアルカリ成分が残存する。偏光子5の表面に易接着フィルム1を貼り合わせた偏光板において、易接着層15の残存アルカリ成分が水分等により溶出すると、偏光子を劣化させ、偏光板の偏光度の低下や、スジ状のムラ等の光学的な欠陥が発生する場合がある。
アクリル系フィルム11の表面への易接着層15の形成方法は特に限定されない。好ましくは、ウレタン樹脂またはその前駆物質および微粒子を含む易接着組成物(溶液)を、アクリル系フィルム11上に塗布し、乾燥することにより、易接着層15が形成される。
易接着組成物は、水を溶媒(および微粒子に対する分散媒)とする水系の組成物であることが好ましい。易接着組成物における固形分(不揮発成分)の濃度は、1〜30重量%が好ましく、2〜20重量%がより好ましく、3〜15重量%がさらに好ましい。
偏光子5としては、ポリビニルアルコールや、部分ホルマール化ポリビニルアルコール等のポリビニルアルコール系フィルムに、ヨウ素や二色性染料等の二色性物質を吸着させて一方向に配向させたポリビニルアルコール(PVA)系偏光子が用いられる。例えば、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムに、ヨウ素染色および延伸を施すことにより、PVA系偏光子が得られる。
偏光子5と易接着フィルム1との貼り合わせに用いられる接着剤層6は、光学的に透明であれば、その材料は特に制限されず、水系接着剤、溶剤系接着剤、ホットメルト接着剤系、ラジカル重合硬化型接着剤等の各種形態のものが用いられる。これらの中でも、PVA系偏光子5およびウレタン易接着層15との接着性が高いことから、水系接着剤または活性エネルギー線硬化型接着剤が好ましい。
偏光子5の一方の面(第一主面)に、接着剤層6を介して易接着フィルム1を貼り合わせることにより偏光板が製造される。具体的には、偏光子5および易接着フィルム1のいずれか一方または両方に、接着剤組成物を塗布した後、偏光子5と易接着フィルム1とをロールラミネータ等により貼り合わせ、接着剤を硬化させることにより、偏光子5と易接着フィルム1とを貼り合わせることが好ましい。
偏光子5の第二主面には、接着剤層7を介して第二透明保護フィルム2が貼り合わせられてもよい。第二透明保護フィルム2としては、任意の適切な透明フィルムを採用し得る。第二透明保護フィルム2の厚みは、5〜200μm程度である。機械強度、透明性およびハンドリング性等の観点から、第二透明保護フィルム2の厚みは10〜100μmが好ましく、15〜60μmがより好ましい。第一透明保護フィルム1の厚みと第二透明保護フィルム2の厚みは同一でもよく異なっていてもよい。
上記のように、易接着フィルム1の易接着層15形成面が偏光子と貼り合わせられた偏光板では、易接着層15の厚みが小さいほど、偏光板の耐久性が向上し、スジ状のムラの発生が抑制される傾向がある。スジムラの主たる原因は、偏光子からのヨウ素イオン(I3 −およびI5 −)の脱離であり、易接着層の厚みが小さいほど偏光子からのヨウ素イオンの脱離が抑制されるため、スジムラの発生が抑制されると考えられる。
PVA−I5 − → PVA−I3 − + I2
PVA−I5 − → PVA + I3 − + I2
PVA−I3 − → PVA + I3 −
本発明の偏光板には、液晶セルや有機ELセル等への貼り合わせのための粘着剤層を設けてもよい。粘着剤層を形成する粘着剤としては、アクリル系ポリマー、シリコーン系ポリマー、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、ポリエーテル、フッ素系やゴム系等のポリマーをベースポリマーとするものを適宜に選択して用いることができる。特に、光学的透明性に優れ、適度な濡れ性と凝集性を示し、かつ耐候性や耐熱性等に優れることから、アクリル系粘着剤が好ましい。
(偏光子Aの作製)
厚み45μmのポリビニルアルコール(PVA)系樹脂フィルム(クラレ製「PE4500」)の長尺ロールを、ロール延伸機により長手方向に5.9倍になるように長手方向に一軸延伸しながら、表1に示す膨潤浴、染色浴、架橋浴1、架橋浴2、および洗浄浴を順に搬送し、70℃で5分間乾燥させて厚み18μmの偏光子を作製した。染色浴におけるヨウ素濃度およびヨウ化カリウム濃度は、偏光子の単体透過率が43.4%になるように調整した。
アセトアセチル基含有ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂(平均重合度:1200、ケン化度:98.5モル%,アセトアセチル基変性度:5モル%)100重量部に対し、メチロールメラミン20重量部を30℃の温度条件下で純水に溶解し、固形分濃度0.5%の水溶液を得た。
固形分35%のポリエステルウレタン水溶液(第一工業製薬製「スーパーフレックス210」)21.3重量部、固形分25%のオキサゾリン含有ポリマー水溶液(日本触媒製「エポクロスWS−700」)5.3重量部、1重量%のアンモニア水3.2重量部、平均一次粒子径35nmのコロイダルシリカの20%水分散液(扶桑化学工業製「クォートロンPL−3」)7.8重量部、および純水62.4重量部を混合して、易接着組成物を調製した。易接着組成物は、固形分100重量部に対してシリカ粒子を15.0重量部含有し、固形分濃度は10重量%である。
ラクトン環構造を有するアクリル系樹脂とアクリロニトリル−スチレン(AS)樹脂との混合物からなる二軸延伸アクリル系フィルム(厚み40μm)の片側に、コロナ処理を行った。ワイヤーバー(#2)をセットしたワイヤーバーコーターにより、アクリル系フィルムのコロナ処理面に、易接着組成物を塗布し、140℃で5分乾燥して、アクリル系フィルムの一方の面に厚み110nmの易接着層が形成された易接着フィルムを得た。
両面の偏光子保護フィルムとして上記の110nmの易接着層を備える易接着フィルムを用いた。接着剤組成物を調製から30分後に、易接着フィルムの易接着層形成面に、乾燥後の厚みが50nmとなるように接着剤組成物を塗布し、偏光子Aの両面それぞれに、易接着フィルムを積層し、70℃で5分間乾燥させて、偏光板を得た。
実施例1の易接着フィルムの作製において、易接着組成物を塗布する際のワイヤーバーを変更した。アクリル系フィルムの表面に形成された易接着層の厚みは、実施例2が60nm、実施例3が140nm、比較例1が340nmであった。実施例1と同様にして、偏光板Aの両面に接着剤を介してこれらの易接着フィルムを貼り合わせて、偏光板を得た。
(偏光子Bの作製)
染色浴におけるヨウ素とヨウ化カリウムの比を1:7に保ったまま、偏光子の単体透過率が42.1%になるように、ヨウ素濃度およびヨウ化カリウム濃度を増加した。それ以外は偏光子Aの作製と同様にして、厚み18μmの偏光子を作製した。
実施例1の易接着フィルムの作製において、易接着組成物を塗布する際のワイヤーバーを#4のワイヤーバーに変更した。アクリル系フィルムの表面に形成された易接着層の厚みは240nmであった。
偏光子保護フィルムとして上記の240nmの易接着層を備える易接着フィルムを用い、実施例1と同様の手順で、偏光子Bの両面に易接着フィルムを貼り合わせて偏光板を得た。
偏光子Aに代えて偏光子Bを用いたこと以外は比較例1と同様にして偏光板を得た。
<易接着層の残存アルカリ量>
偏光子と貼り合わせる前の易接着フィルムの易接着層中に残存するトリエチルアミンおよびアンモニアの量を定量した。トリエチルアミンの残存量は、易接着フィルムの表面から易接着層を削り出した粉末を秤量してメタノールに溶解し、溶液のガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析(GC/MS)法により定量した。アンモニアの残存量は、易接着フィルムを25℃の純水に浸漬した後、120℃の乾燥機にて60分間の加熱抽出を行い、水中に溶出したアンモニアをイオンクロマトグラフィーにより定量した。トリエチルアミンの量とアンモニアの量の合計を残存アルカリ量とした。
偏光板を、偏光子の延伸方向と平行(吸収軸方向)に200mm、直交方向(透過軸方向)に20mmの大きさに切り出し、易接着フィルムと偏光子との間にカッターナイフで切り込みを入れ、偏光板をガラス板に貼り合わせた。引張圧縮試験機(ミネベア製「TG−1kN」)にて、剥離角度90°、剥離速度1000mm/分で剥離試験を行い、接着力を測定した。
偏光板を、320mm×240mmのサイズに切り出し、厚み20μmのアクリル系粘着剤を介してガラス板上に貼り合わせた。この試料を、温度60℃、相対湿度90%の恒温恒湿槽に入れ、500時間保持して加熱・加湿耐久試験を実施した。耐久試験前後の偏光板の単体透過率および偏光度を測定し、単体透過率および偏光度の変化量を算出した。また、偏光板上に別の偏光板をクロスニコルで配置し、目視にて観察してスジ状のムラの有無を確認した。実施例4および比較例2の偏光板については、温度85℃、相対湿度85%の恒温高湿槽に120時間保持して加熱・加湿耐久試験を実施し、同様の評価を実施した。加熱・加湿耐久試験後の偏光板のスジ状のムラの有無は、下記の基準により評価した。
〇:スジムラが視認されない
△:スジムラが僅かに視認される
×:スジムラがはっきりと視認される
11 アクリル系フィルム
15 易接着層
2 透明保護フィルム
5 偏光子
6,7 接着剤層
100 偏光板
Claims (6)
- 第一主面および第二主面を有するポリビニルアルコール系偏光子、および前記偏光子の第一主面に接着剤層を介して貼り合わせられた透明保護フィルムを備え、
前記透明保護フィルムは、アクリル系フィルムの表面に易接着層を備え、易接着層形成面が前記偏光子と貼り合わせられており、
前記易接着層は、ウレタン樹脂および微粒子を含有し、厚みが280nm以下である、偏光板。 - 前記易接着層の厚みが50nm以上である、請求項1に記載の偏光板。
- 前記易接着層中の前記微粒子の含有量が8〜50重量%である、請求項1または2に記載の偏光板。
- 前記易接着層のアルカリ成分の含有量が75ppm以下である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の偏光板。
- さらに、前記偏光子の第二主面に接着剤層を介して貼り合わせられた第二透明保護フィルムを備える、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の偏光板。
- 画像表示セルと、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の偏光板とを有する、画像表示装置。
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