JP2018535348A - 熱力学サイクルシステム - Google Patents
熱力学サイクルシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018535348A JP2018535348A JP2018523747A JP2018523747A JP2018535348A JP 2018535348 A JP2018535348 A JP 2018535348A JP 2018523747 A JP2018523747 A JP 2018523747A JP 2018523747 A JP2018523747 A JP 2018523747A JP 2018535348 A JP2018535348 A JP 2018535348A
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002164 Polyalkylene glycol copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 47
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 ethanol Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1 -dodecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyloxirane Chemical compound CC1OC1C PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJWSNNWLBMSXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCC1CO1 NJWSNNWLBMSXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007630 basic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LVBXEMGDVWVTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-2-octenal Natural products CCCCCC=CC=O LVBXEMGDVWVTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
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- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
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- C09K5/048—Boiling liquids as heat transfer materials
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
- C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
- C10M2209/1045—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only used as base material
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- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
- C10M2209/1055—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only used as base material
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
- C10M2209/1075—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106 used as base material
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
- C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
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Abstract
Description
「PAG」は、ポリアルキレングリコールを表す。
「EtOH」は、純度99.9重量%のエタノールを表す。
「重量%」は、重量パーセントを表す。
「M.W.」または「Mw」は、重量平均分子量を表す。
「Kin.visc.」は、動粘性を表す。
「V.I」は、粘度指数を表す。
本発明の実施例(実施例1〜36)及び比較例(比較例A〜U)は、本明細書の表IV〜VIに記載されている。作動流体としてエタノール単独を使用した組成物を使用する全ての例が、比較例である。作動流体として水性エタノール混合物中の組成物を使用する全ての例が本発明の実施例である。
次の3つの作動流体(1)純粋なエタノール(EtOH)、(2)80重量%EtOH及び20重量%水のブレンド(EtOH/水:80/20重量%)、ならびに(3)50重量%EtOH及び50重量%水のブレンド(EtOH/水:50/50重量%)を調製し試験した。
配合物を500mLガラスビーカ内でブレンドした。各配合物を150g作製した。上記リストに記載と同様の順序で成分を添加した。ベース流体を、透明で均質な溶液が形成されるまで加熱及び撹拌した。
作動流体を用いた希釈を50gブレンドに実施した。試料が透明になるまで周辺温度(約23℃)で撹拌器を使用した。
表IV〜VIは、水/エタノール混合物を実施例1〜36を含む本発明の配合物へ添加する場合の、PAG系配合物の粘度減少の実施例を示す。純粋なエタノールを用いた配合物は比較例A〜Uである。
これらの実施例は、本発明の更なる態様を説明し、ポリアクリレート添加剤を含むことは、潤滑剤が50/50重量%の水/EtOHブレンドを用いて希釈される場合、ポリアルキレングリコール系潤滑剤の粘度安定性を更に改善することを示す。本発明の実施例は、表VIIIの実施例37に示される配合物ブレンドである。
表VIIIに記載の比較例Vは、ブレンドされた配合物ではない。表VIIIに記載の他の2つの配合物ブレンドに対し、300mLガラスビーカを使用し、ブレンドを調製した。50重量%の水及び50重量%のEtOHのブレンドを含む作動流体の100gのバッチを調製した。
Claims (16)
- 熱エネルギーを機械的エネルギーに変換するプロセスであって、
(a)熱力学サイクルを提供するステップと、
(b)前記サイクルへ作動流体として水性アルコールを提供するステップと、
(c)前記サイクルへ潤滑剤配合物を提供するステップと、
(d)前記潤滑剤配合物中に少なくとも1つのポリアルキレングリコールコポリマー樹脂を使用することにより、前記潤滑剤配合物の動粘性を制御するステップと、を含み、前記潤滑剤配合物が、約10重量パーセントを超える(エトキシ単位(CH2CH2O−)としての)エチレンオキシド含有量を含有する、プロセス。 - 前記潤滑剤配合物が、約15重量パーセントを超える(エトキシ単位としての)エチレンオキシド含有量を含有する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記潤滑剤配合物が、約30重量パーセントを超える(エトキシ単位としての)エチレンオキシド含有量を含有する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記潤滑剤配合物の動粘性が、40℃で約50mm2/秒〜約300mm2/秒である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポリアルキレングリコールコポリマーの分子量が、約500g/mol〜約4,300g/molである、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記潤滑剤配合物中の前記少なくとも1つのポリアルキレングリコールが、少なくとも1つのエトキシ(CH2CH2O−)単位及び少なくとも1つのプロポキシ(CH2CH(CH3)O−)単位を含む、請求項5に記載のプロセス。
- 前記コポリマーが、ランダム、ブロック、またはリバースブロックコポリマーである、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ランダムコポリマーが、約500g/mol〜約2,500g/molの分子量を有する、請求項7に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ブロックまたはリバースブロックコポリマーが、約1,500g/mol〜約5,000g/molの分子量を有する、請求項7に記載のプロセス。
- 前記潤滑剤配合物が、約0.01重量パーセント〜約1重量パーセントのポリアクリレートを含有する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水性アルコール中の前記アルコールが、約110g/mol未満の分子量を有する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記熱力学サイクルが、有機ランキンサイクルである、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記有機ランキンサイクルが、可動機器の一部である、請求項12に記載のプロセス。
- 前記潤滑剤配合物が、前記熱力学サイクルの前記膨張機部分へ導入される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記膨張機が、ピストン式膨張機、軸流式タービン、半径流タービン、スクロール型膨張機、回転スクリュ膨張機、回転翼膨張器、及びヴァンケル膨張機、ならびにそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項14に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ピストン式膨張機が、斜板式設計を含む、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
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PCT/US2016/060040 WO2017083145A1 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2016-11-02 | Thermodynamic cycle system |
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EP3374606A1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
US20180371957A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
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