JP2018525212A - 移動源の内燃機関からのco2捕捉のための統合されたプロセス、及び熱発電サイクルにおける使用 - Google Patents
移動源の内燃機関からのco2捕捉のための統合されたプロセス、及び熱発電サイクルにおける使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(a)第1の熱交換ゾーンにおける複数の熱交換器を介してICEからの高温排気ガス流を通過させ、排ガス流の温度を所定の温度範囲の値に低下させるステップ;
(b)吸収ゾーンにおいて、冷却された排ガス流を所定の温度範囲内の温度で液体CO2吸着溶液と接触させるステップであって、溶液は、CO2と可逆的に結合して排ガス流からのCO2の少なくとも一部を捕捉し、CO2豊富溶液を提供する、少なくとも1つの化合物が溶解された水を含む、ステップ;
(c)CO2豊富溶液を、低減されたCO2含量を有する残りの排ガス流から分離するステップ;
(d)低減されたCO2含量を有する残りの排ガス流を、大気中に排出するステップ;
(e)CO2豊富溶液を加圧し、部分的に冷却された排気ガス流との第1の熱交換関係で通過させるためにボイラー内に送り、その温度を上昇させてCO2を脱着させて濃縮されたCO2希薄吸着溶液を提供し、その吸着溶液からの水の一部を蒸発させて、蒸発した水/CO2混合物を提供するステップ;
(f)第1の分離ゾーンにおいて、蒸発した水/CO2混合物からCO2希薄吸着溶液を分離するステップ;
(g)蒸発した水/CO2混合物を過熱ゾーンに送り、そこで、直接ICEからの高温排ガス流との第2の熱交換関係で通過させ、混合物の温度を約400℃までさらに上昇させる、ステップ;
(h)過熱された水/CO2混合物をタービンに送り、混合物を所定のより低い圧力値まで膨張させるステップ;
(i)高温の膨張した水/CO2混合物を、加圧されたCO2豊富溶液と熱交換して通過させるステップ;
(j)水/CO2混合物を凝縮熱交換器に送り、その温度を低下させて、実質的に全ての水蒸気を液体状態に凝縮させるステップ;
(k)第2の分離ゾーンにおいてCO2から凝縮された水を分離し、凝縮された水の全部又は一部を吸収ゾーンの上流の吸着溶液と混合するか、又は車両から水を排出するステップ;
(l)実質的に純粋なCO2を第2の分離ゾーンから回収し、それを圧縮ゾーンに送ってCO2を高密度化し、残りの水を排出するステップ;
(m)加圧された純粋なCO2を回収し、貯蔵又はさらなる処理のために搭載容器にそれを送り、物理的及び/又は化学的状態の変化によってその体積を減少させるステップ;
(n)第1の分離ゾーンからの加圧されたCO2希薄溶液を熱交換関係で通過させ、吸収ゾーンからの加圧されたCO2豊富溶液の温度を上昇させるステップ;
(о)加圧されたCO2希薄溶液を膨張装置内に導入し、機械的エネルギーを生成するステップ;
(p)膨張装置からの減圧かつ濃縮されたCO2希薄溶液を、水が添加される混合弁に送り、吸着溶液の所望の濃度を回復させるステップ;
(q)吸収ゾーン内に送る前に、CO2希薄溶液を所定の温度範囲に冷却するステップ;及び
(r)吸収ゾーンの上流でCO2希薄吸着溶液を加圧するステップ;
によって特徴付けられると理解されるであろう。
(a)物理的又は化学的にCO2を吸収する塩及び/又はアミン及び/又は他の分子を含む溶媒ベースの溶液;
(b)固体のCO2吸着粒子が分散され、CO2が低温で粒子に吸着されて高温で粒子から脱着され、粒子が再生されてリサイクルされる溶媒ベース又は水ベースの担体、及び、好ましくは低温で物理的又は化学的にCO2を吸着又は吸収し、高温でCO2を脱着して流量及びコンタクターのサイズを減少させる液体担体;
(c)CO2を可逆的に吸収及び/又は吸着し、適切な条件でCO2を脱着する、コロイド流体又はクリスタロイド流体;及び
(d)吸収液体と吸着液体との混合物。
ベンチテストの代わりにアスペンテクノロジープログラムモデルを使用して、コンピュータ解析/シミュレーションを作成した。このモデルは、図1に示す概略構成に一般的に対応している。計算は、装置全体で圧力降下がない25%CO2捕捉率に基づいている。
20 吸収ユニット、吸収装置
30 ボイラー
31 過熱器
32、35、36、37、39 熱交換器
33、34 内部熱交換器
40、41 分離器
50 膨張装置
51 タービン
60 圧縮ゾーン
100 液体ヘッダー
101 ポンプ吸入ライン
200、201、202、203、205、222 CO2豊富溶液
300、301、302 CO2希薄溶液
401、402、403、406、407 CO2/水流
500、501、502、700 凝縮流
600、601 CO2流
702 三方弁
901、902、903、904、905 排ガス流
Claims (13)
- 車両に搭載された吸着剤でCO2の少なくとも一部を捕捉し、前記吸着剤からCO2を回収し、前記車両上に一時的に貯蔵するためにCO2を圧縮することによって、車両を駆動するのに使用される内燃機関(ICE)での炭化水素燃料の燃焼によって生成された排ガス流とともに大気中に放出されるCO2量を減少させるためのプロセスであって、
(a)第1の熱交換ゾーンにおける複数の熱交換器を介して前記ICEからの高温排気ガス流を通過させ、前記排ガス流の温度を所定の温度範囲の値に低下させるステップ;
(b)吸収ゾーンにおいて、冷却された前記排ガス流を所定の温度範囲内の温度で液体CO2吸着溶液と接触させるステップであって、前記溶液は、CO2と可逆的に結合して前記排ガス流からのCO2の少なくとも一部を捕捉し、CO2豊富溶液を提供する、少なくとも1つの化合物が溶解された液体溶媒を含む、ステップ;
(c)前記CO2豊富溶液を、低減されたCO2含量を有する残りの排ガス流から分離するステップ;
(d)前記低減されたCO2含量を有する残りの排ガス流を、大気中に排出するステップ;
(e)前記CO2豊富溶液を加圧し、前記排ガス流との第1の熱交換関係で通過させるためにボイラー内に送り、その温度を上昇させて、CO2を脱着させて濃縮されたCO2希薄吸着溶液を提供し、前記吸着溶液からの溶媒の一部を蒸発させて、蒸発した溶媒/CO2混合物を提供するステップ;
(f)第1の分離ゾーンにおいて、前記蒸発した溶媒/CO2混合物から前記CO2希薄吸着溶液を分離するステップ;
(g)前記蒸発した溶媒/CO2混合物を過熱ゾーンに送り、そこで、直接前記ICEからの高温排ガス流との第2の熱交換関係で通過させ、前記混合物の温度をさらに上昇させるステップ;
(h)過熱された前記溶媒/CO2混合物をタービンに送り、前記混合物を所定の圧力値まで膨張させるステップ;
(i)高温の膨張した前記溶媒/CO2混合物を、ステップ(e)の加圧された前記CO2豊富溶液と熱交換して通過させるステップ;
(j)前記溶媒/CO2混合物を凝縮熱交換器に送り、その温度を低下させて、実質的に全ての前記溶媒の蒸気を液体状態に凝縮させるステップ;
(k)第2の分離ゾーンにおいてCO2から凝縮された前記溶媒を分離し、凝縮された前記溶媒の全部又は一部を前記吸収ゾーンの上流の前記吸着溶液と混合するか、又は前記車両から前記溶媒を排出するステップ;
(l)実質的に純粋なCO2を前記第2の分離ゾーンから回収し、それを圧縮ゾーンに送り、前記CO2を圧縮及び高密度化し、残りの水を排出するステップ;
(m)加圧された純粋な前記CO2を回収し、貯蔵又はさらなる処理のために搭載容器にそれを送り、その物理的状態を変化させることによってその体積を減少させるステップ;
(n)前記第1の分離ゾーンからの加圧された前記CO2希薄溶液を熱交換関係で通過させ、前記吸収ゾーンからの加圧された前記CO2豊富溶液の温度を上昇させるステップ;
(о)加圧された前記CO2希薄溶液を膨張装置内に導入し、機械的エネルギーを生成するステップ;
(p)前記膨張装置からの減圧かつ濃縮された前記CO2希薄溶液を、溶媒が添加される混合装置に送り、前記吸着溶液の所望の濃度を回復させるステップ;
(q)前記吸収ゾーン内に送る前に、前記CO2希薄溶液を所定の温度範囲に冷却するステップ;及び
(r)前記吸収ゾーンの上流で前記CO2希薄吸着溶液を加圧するステップ;
によって特徴付けられる、プロセス。 - 前記溶媒は水である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- ステップ(g)における水/CO2混合物の温度の上昇は、200℃から500℃の範囲である、請求項2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記吸収ゾーンからの前記CO2豊富溶液は、ポンプの吸入に送られ、その圧力を所定のシステム圧力まで増加させる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1の熱交換ゾーンは、所定の温度で前記吸収ゾーンに入る前記排ガス流の冷却液体を通過させる最後の熱交換器を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記タービン及び/又は前記膨張装置の機械的エネルギー出力は、1つ以上のポンプ及び/又は1つ以上のCO2圧縮器を動かすのに直接使用される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記タービン及び/又は膨張装置の機械的エネルギー出力は、ポンプ及び/又は圧縮器モーターを駆動する、及び/又は前記車両に搭載された蓄電池を充電するために用いられる電気を発生させるのに使用される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記吸着溶液は、水、アミン官能化分子、アルカリ金属炭酸塩及び重炭酸塩、アルカリ土類金属炭酸塩、アルカリ金属及びアルカリ土類金属酸化物、アンモニア水及び炭酸アンモニウム、アルコール、ポリエーテル、アミド化合物、モレキュラーシーブ、MOF、COFからなる群から選択される1つ以上の化合物から調製される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ポリエーテルはポリエチレングリコールのジメチルエーテルである、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 前記CO2を吸収するアミド化合物はN−メチル−2−ピロリドンである、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 前記溶媒はメタノールである、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 前記CO2を吸収するアミンはモノエタノールアミンである、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 前記CO2を吸収する炭酸塩は炭酸カリウムである、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
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- 2016-06-09 EP EP16738238.1A patent/EP3310455B1/en active Active
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US9598993B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
KR20180018811A (ko) | 2018-02-21 |
CN107750184B (zh) | 2021-03-12 |
SA517390391B1 (ar) | 2021-05-30 |
JP6763889B2 (ja) | 2020-09-30 |
EP3310455A1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
WO2016205057A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
EP3310455B1 (en) | 2020-03-25 |
CN107750184A (zh) | 2018-03-02 |
KR102311531B1 (ko) | 2021-10-12 |
US20160369674A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
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