JP2018513981A - 3d位置決定方法および装置 - Google Patents
3d位置決定方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G01S15/46—Indirect determination of position data
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
‐互いに対する時間的近接性(センサの空間分布により生じる個々の反射信号相互間のタイムシフト)、
‐類似した信号プロファイル(各反射信号は、物体に特有の信号プロファイルを有し、この信号プロファイルによって、同じ物体のところで反射した少なくとも3つの信号を互いに割り当てることができる)、
‐類似した振幅(各物体は、そのサイズ、幾何学的形状および反射率に起因して、別の振幅を有し、この別の振幅に基づいて、物体から反射された個々の信号を互いに対して割り当てることができる)、
‐反射持続時間(反射持続時間は、物体の広がりに依存し、この理由で、かかる反射持続時間を互いに異なるサイズを有する個々の物体に割り当てることができ、反射持続時間を特に一波長よりも大きな広がりを有する領域の場合に高い精度で算定することができる)。
Claims (15)
- 物体の三次元位置を決定する装置であって、前記装置は、
信号を放出するようになった少なくとも1つの送信機を有し、
少なくとも3つの受信機を有し、前記少なくとも3つの受信機および前記少なくとも1つの送信機は、好ましくは、第1の平面内に配置され、第1の受信機および第2の受信機が好ましくは、第1の直線に沿って配置され、第3の受信機は好ましくは、前記第1の直線から距離を置いたところに配置され、
少なくとも3つの伝搬時間を算定するよう構成されたプロセッサを有し、前記プロセッサは、更に、前記算定された伝搬時間ならびに前記送信機および前記受信機の前記配置状態に基づいて前記物体の前記三次元位置を算定するよう構成されている、装置。 - 前記送信機は、好ましくは、前記第1の直線上に、好ましくは前記第1の受信機と前記第2の受信機との間に配置され、または、前記送信機の位置は、前記少なくとも3つの受信機のうちの1つの位置と本質的に同一であり、前記3つの受信機のうちの1つは、好ましくは、送信機としても働く、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記送信機は、前記信号をあらゆる空間方向に等方的に放出するようになっておりまたは前記送信機は、半円形送信機である、請求項1または2記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサは、前記信号が前記送信機から前記物体を経由して前記第1の受信機までに要する第1の伝搬時間に基づいて第2の平面内で第1の楕円軌道または第1の半楕円軌道を算定するとともに、前記信号が前記送信機から前記物体を経由して前記第2の受信機までに要する第2の伝搬時間に基づいて前記第2の平面内で第2の楕円軌道または第2の半楕円軌道を算定するよう構成され、三次元空間内における前記物体の前記位置は、前記第2の平面内における前記2つの楕円軌道または半楕円軌道の交点の位置を用いて計算され、好ましくは、前記第1の楕円軌道の第1の焦点が前記第1の楕円軌道の第2の焦点と一致し、前記第2の楕円軌道の第1の焦点が前記第2の楕円軌道の第2の焦点と一致する、請求項1〜3のうちいずれか一に記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサは更に、前記信号が前記送信機から前記物体を経由して前記第3の受信機までに要する第3の伝搬時間に基づいて前記第1の平面と前記第2の平面のなす角度を算定するよう構成されている、請求項4記載の装置。
- 前記プロセッサは更に、前記少なくとも3つの受信機のうちの1つまたは2つ以上によって受信された1つまたは2つ以上の信号の形状および/または伝搬時間に基づいて、前記物体の表面の広がりおよび/またはサイズおよび/または状態を算定するよう構成されている、請求項1〜5のうちいずれか一に記載の装置。
- 物体の三次元位置を決定する方法であって、
送信位置から物体によって少なくとも部分的に反射された信号を放出するステップを含み、
3つまたは4つ以上の受信位置のところで前記少なくとも部分的に反射された信号を受信するステップを含み、少なくとも3つの受信位置は、好ましくは、前記送信位置を含む第1の平面内に配置され、第1の受信位置および第2の受信位置が好ましくは第1の直線に沿って配置され、第3の受信位置が好ましくは、前記第1の直線から距離を置いたところに配置され、
少なくとも3つの伝搬時間を算定するステップを含み、
前記算定された伝搬時間ならびに前記送信位置および前記受信位置の配置状態を利用して前記物体の前記三次元位置を検出するステップを含む、方法。 - 前記送信位置は、好ましくは、前記第1の直線に沿って、好ましくは前記第1の受信位置と前記第2の受信位置との間に配置されまたは前記少なくとも3つの受信位置のうちの1つに本質的に一致している、請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記物体の前記三次元位置の第1の座標の前記決定は、前記信号が前記送信機から前記物体を経て前記第1および前記第2の受信機に至るまでに要する第1および第2の伝搬時間および前記送信位置までの前記第1および前記第2の受信位置の距離に基づいて実施され、前記第1の座標は、前記第1の直線に沿う前記物体の前記位置を定める、請求項7または8記載の方法。
- 前記三次元空間内における前記物体の前記位置の前記決定は、第2の平面内における第1と第2の楕円軌道または第1と第2の半楕円軌道の交点を用いて実施され、前記信号が前記送信機から前記物体を経て前記第1の受信機に至るまでに要する第1の伝搬時間が前記第2の平面内における前記第1の楕円軌道または前記第1の半楕円軌道を定め、前記信号が前記送信機から前記物体を経て前記第1の受信機に至るまでに要する第2の伝搬時間が前記第2の平面内における前記第2の楕円軌道または前記第2の半楕円軌道を定め、好ましくは前記第1の楕円軌道の第1の焦点が前記第1の楕円軌道の第2の焦点と一致し、前記第2の楕円軌道の第1の焦点が前記第2の楕円軌道の第2の焦点と一致している、請求項7〜9のうちいずれか一に記載の方法。
- 前記三次元空間内における前記物体の前記位置の前記計算は、前記第1の平面と前記第2の平面のなす角度を用いて実施され、前記信号が前記送信機から前記物体を経て前記第3の受信機に至るまでに要する第3の伝搬時間が前記角度を定める、請求項9または10記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、前記送信位置までの前記受信位置の距離を計算するステップを含み、前記距離の前記計算は、所定の伝搬速度を用いて前記送信位置からそれぞれの前記受信位置まで直接伝送される信号の伝搬時間に基づいている、請求項7〜11のうちいずれか一に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、前記放出信号の前記伝搬速度を計算するステップを含み、前記伝搬速度の前記計算は、前記送信位置と前記少なくとも3つの受信位置のうちの1つとの間の所定の距離を用いて、前記送信位置から前記少なくとも3つの受信位置のうちの前記1つに直接伝送される前記信号に基づいている、請求項7〜11のうちいずれか一に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、前記3つの受信位置のうちの1つまたは2つ以上によって受信された1つまたは2つ以上の信号の形状および/または伝搬時間を用いて、前記物体の表面の広がりおよび/またはサイズおよび/または状態を計算するステップを含む、請求項7〜13のうちいずれか一に記載の方法。
- 前記方法は、繰り返し実施され、前記送信位置および/または前記送信位置の数は、変えられ、好ましくは2つまたは3つ以上の受信位置相互間で変える、請求項7〜14のうちいずれか一に記載の方法。
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