JP2018509903A - 表皮水疱症治療のためのcol7a1エクソン73とマッチするオリゴヌクレオチド - Google Patents
表皮水疱症治療のためのcol7a1エクソン73とマッチするオリゴヌクレオチド Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、ヒトの疾患を処置する際に使用するのに適したオリゴヌクレオチドに関する。特に、本発明は、ジストロフィー型表皮水疱症の処置に適したアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドに関する。
− クリーム。油中水型エマルジョンまたは水中油型エマルジョンのいずれかとして製剤化され、後者が美容上および審美的により許容できる。例は、Softisanベースのクリームまたはセトマクロゴールクリームである。
− ゲル:液相全体に均一に分散したゲル化剤を含む溶液または懸濁液。例は、以下に限定されるものではないがヒプロメロース、カルボマーおよびアルギン酸塩を含むハイドロゲルである。
− 軟膏。これらは、通常、<20%の水およびビヒクルとして>50%の炭化水素、ワックスまたはポリオールを含む。これらは、クリームよりも脂っこい皮膚感触を有する。
− ペースト:これらは、硬練りで高いパーセンテージの細かく分散した固体を含む。
− 懸濁液。これは、液体ビヒクルに分配された固体粒子を含む液体調製物である。一部は、ローションと呼ばれる場合もある。
− ローション。これらは、流体でやや粘性のある(エマルジョン)製剤であり、懸濁液、低粘度のゲルおよび溶液と多くの特徴を共有する。
− フォーム。これは、分注されるときにふわふわした堅さを有するエマルジョンである。
− スプレー。これは、ノズルによって形成される液体の微細な液滴である。
− 溶液。これは、通常、水性であるが、アルコールなどのその他の溶媒を含んでもよい液体生成物である。
COL7A1のmRNAにあるエクソン73のmRNAの存在を検出するために、HeLa細胞およびヒト初代線維芽細胞(HPF)の両方の抽出mRNAを使用した。(a)HeLaについては10%ウシ胎仔血清(FBS)を加えたダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DMEM)において、または(b)HPF細胞については20%FBSおよび1%ピルビン酸ナトリウムを加えたDMEM AQEにおいて細胞の培養を行った。すべての細胞を37℃、5%CO2で増殖させた。
1.ウエスタンブロッティングを使用したα1−コラーゲン鎖のサイズおよび正確な構築の両方のタンパク質分析(Titeux et al 2010)。留意すべきことには、スキッピングされたエクソンのタンパク質の小さなサイズおよび野生型タンパク質の大きなサイズによる、タンパク質サイズの明らかな差は見つからない可能性がある。
2.非還元条件でのウエスタンブロッティングを使用することによるVII型コラーゲンホモ三量体の熱安定性分析。野生型のVII型コラーゲンは、3つのα1−コラーゲン鎖から構成され、41℃のTmを有する(Mecklenbeck et al., 2002)。
3.コロイド金またはスクラッチアッセイを使用した細胞移動分析。エクソン73を含まないトランケート型タンパク質に対して、野生型のVII型コラーゲンを発現する線維芽細胞および/または角化細胞の運動性を比較する(Chen et al. 2002)。
4.さまざまな細胞外基質構成要素、例えば、IV型コラーゲン、ラミニン−332、ラミニン−1またはフィブロネクチンとの細胞接着を評価することができる(Chen et al. 2002)。
DEB患者に対する現在の創傷管理は、創傷ケア、かゆみおよび疼痛の管理ならびに扁平上皮がんの早期診断に主に焦点を合わせている。創傷ケアとしては、(塩化物)浴の手段、消毒剤としてクロルヘキシジンおよびその他の抗菌クリームの使用による創傷の洗浄および殺菌が挙げられる。さらに、疼痛およびかゆみを低減するために創傷に、ハイドロゲルを使用して水分を補給し、潤いを与える。最後に、創傷ケアには、皮膚を保護し、皮膚との摩擦を低減し、汚染を防ぎ、材料の付着を防ぎ、創傷からの液体を吸収し、水疱のサイズが増大するのを防ぐためにさまざまな種類の被覆材/シリコーンフォームを当てることが含まれ、水疱は、内部からの圧力を低下させるために穿刺し、排液する。
無傷および水疱様のex vivoブタ皮膚小片を25μgのPBS中に製剤化したmh−AON1とともに24時間インキュベートした後、それらを分析のために処理した。結果は、無傷のブタ皮膚小片に添加したmh−AON1は角質層に浸透しないことを示している(図4a〜b)。しかしながら、mh−AON1製剤を水疱様のブタ皮膚においてインキュベートした場合、オリゴヌクレオチドが真皮に浸透したことが観察された(図4c〜f)。
患者の創傷に適用するためには、mh−AON1を軟膏またはゲルに組み込むことが有益である。DEB患者は、例えば、創傷に潤いを与え、それにより疼痛およびかゆみを低減させるために創傷ケアの一部としてハイドロゲルを使用するため、mh−AON1をハイドロゲルにも組み込むことができるかどうか試験した。このために以下の3つの異なるハイドロゲルを使用した:(1)患者のケアに既に使用されているハイドロゲルであるflaminal(商標)、ともに社内で配合した(2)ヒプロメロースハイドロゲルおよび(3)カルボマーハイドロゲル。どのハイドロゲルも既に臨床の現場で一般的に使用されている。オリゴヌクレオチドを含むハイドロゲル製剤、およびオリゴヌクレオチドを含まないハイドロゲル製剤を調製し、皮膚小片に薄く塗った。各皮膚小片のために25μgのmh−AON1を50mgのゲルに製剤化し、0.5mg/mlのオリゴヌクレオチドの最終濃度を得た。
DEB患者は、水疱、創傷および潰瘍のために自身の弱い皮膚に非常に苦しんでいる。さらに、患者は、常時創傷ケアが必要である。したがって、送達の局所経路によりmh−AON1を評価した。DEBの患者の皮膚を模した水疱様の皮膚は、角質層を含む表皮を除去することによって作り出した。PBS中またはハイドロゲル中のいずれに製剤化したmh−AON1も水疱様の皮膚に浸透することができ、真皮に到達することが証明された。これらの結果は、患者の皮膚創傷への局所投与が、mh−AON1を皮膚にある標的細胞に送達するのに適したアプローチであることを裏付けている。さらに、これらの発見は、EB標準治療に類似した製剤が、mh−AON1の送達に適しているようであることを裏付けている。
mh−AON1の有効性を評価するために以下の2つの異なる細胞タイプを使用した:(1)HeLaおよび(2)健康な個人の皮膚由来のヒト初代線維芽細胞(HPF)。両細胞タイプともCOL7A1 mRNAを発現し、VII型コラーゲンタンパク質を産生する。本明細書中で開示されるとおりのmh−AON1は、COL7A1 mRNAからエクソン73を排除するよう、したがって、転写物から突然変異を排除するよう設計した。mh−AON1は、スプライシングプロセスを標的とし、最も直接的で測定可能な有効性の結果は、mh−AON1を添加した、およびしていないCOL7A1転写物(野生型およびΔ73)のプロファイリングおよび定量化である。
PCRは、特異的なDNA(cDNA)配列の対数増幅を可能にする直接的な技術である。エクソン73に隣接するCOL7A1配列に特異的なプライマーを使用して、PCR反応を行った。その後、形成された産物を、ラボオンチップ技術を使用して視覚化し、これは、異なるフラグメント長さの産物の識別および収率に基づく定量分析を可能にする。
液滴デジタルPCR(ddPCR)は、PCRサンプルを数千の液滴に分割することにより核酸の極めて正確で絶対的な定量化を提供する。COL7A1 mRNA/cDNA PCRの投入は、各液滴が1つのCOL7A1 cDNA分子を含むか、または含まないかのいずれかになるように調節した。鋳型の検出を可能にするために、野生型COL7A1またはΔ73COL7A1に特異的なプローブをPCRミックスに添加した。これらのプローブの位置を図7に示す。一方のプローブは野生型産物に特異的であり、他方のプローブはΔ73COL7A1産物にのみ特異的である。このプローブは鋳型との結合時に加水分解され、蛍光になり、その結果、PCR増幅が行われた後に、標的配列を含む蛍光液滴をカウントすることができる。陽性の液滴および陰性の液滴の数のポアソン統計分析を使用して、サンプル中の野生型またはΔ73COL7A1 mRNA分子の絶対的な量を評価することができる。
オリゴヌクレオチドは、脊椎動物の自然免疫系のパターン認識レセプター(PRR)の活性化を引き起こす可能性がある。PRRレセプターの最も良く研究されたファミリーは、トール様受容体(TLR)である。TLRは、自然免疫系において重要な役割を果たすタンパク質のクラスである。これは、微生物由来の構造的に保存された分子を認識する、通常マクロファージおよび樹状細胞で発現する単一の膜貫通非触媒型レセプターである。異なるタイプの核酸によって活性化されるTLRは、エンドソームに位置するものである:TLR3(二重鎖RNAを認識する)、TLR7/8(二重鎖RNAおよび単鎖RNAを認識する)、およびTLR9(CpG−DNAを認識する)。
陽性対照LPS(TLR4アゴニスト)およびR848(TLR7/8アゴニスト)によるヒトPBMCの刺激は、IL−3を除いて、培養上清中の測定したすべてのサイトカインの濃度を大幅に増加させた。さらに、CpG DNA(TLR9アゴニスト)またはポリ(I:C)(TLR3アゴニスト)による刺激は、それほどではないが類似のパターンのサイトカインを誘導した。生理的食塩水で処理したヒトPBMCと比較したmh−AON1または陽性対照による刺激後の培養上清中のサイトカイン濃度の有意水準を示すヒートマップを図9aに示す。重要なことに、10nMから1μMの範囲のmh−AON1濃度によるヒトPBMCの刺激は、最も低い濃度のmh−AON1におけるIFN−α2を除いて、培養上清中の測定したいかなるサイトカインの濃度も増加させなかった(図9a)。ただし、mh−AON1による刺激後の上清中のIFN−α2の濃度の増加は用量依存的ではないため、これは実験的異常値または技術的誤差と見なした(図9b)。最後に、mh−AON1による処理の24時間後に細胞毒性の形跡はなかった(図9c)。対照的に、R848、または10nMおよび100nMのmh−AON1による処理後に生存率のわずかな増加が確認され、これは、細胞生存の向上、細胞代謝の増加またはさらに増殖/分化の増加を示唆する。
ヒトRamos Blue細胞株において行った免疫原性アッセイの結果は、10nMから1μMの範囲の濃度のmh−AON1またはAON73.24.5による24時間の処理後にNF−κBおよび/またはAP−1の活性化を示さなかった(図10a)。対照的に、陽性対照ポリ(I:C)(1μg/ml)、CpG(10μg/ml)およびR848(1μM)は、NF−κBおよび/またはAP−1の活性化を誘導した。Ramos−BlueではTLR4が発現しないため、LPSは効果がなかった。さらに、MH−AON1による処理の24時間後に細胞毒性の形跡はなく(図10b)、これはヒトPBMCにおいて得られた結果を裏付けた。
Claims (15)
- 哺乳動物細胞においてpre−mRNAからのスプライシングによってヒトCOL7A1 mRNAが生成されるときに、エクソン73が前記mRNAに含まれるのを妨げるか、または低減することができるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドであって、(a)前記オリゴヌクレオチドの配列が最大2つのCpG配列を含む、かつ/または(b)前記オリゴヌクレオチドが24ヌクレオチド以下の長さを有することを特徴とするアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 特性(a)は、前記オリゴヌクレオチドが最大1つのCpG配列を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 特性(b)は、23ヌクレオチド以下の長さを有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 特性(b)は、前記オリゴヌクレオチドが16から24ヌクレオチドの間の長さを有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 特性(b)は、前記オリゴヌクレオチドが16から23ヌクレオチドの間の長さを有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 特性(b)は、前記オリゴヌクレオチドの配列が16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23または24ヌクレオチドからなる群から選択される長さを有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 特性(a)および(b)の両方を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- オリゴリボヌクレオチドであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- ヌクレオシド間結合が、化学的に修飾されており、好ましくは、ホスホロチオエート結合であることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載のアンチセンスオリゴリボヌクレオチド。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドの糖部分が低級2’−O−アルキル、好ましくは2’−O−メチル置換糖部分であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- HeLa細胞またはそれ由来のサンプルにおいて測定可能な形で、エクソン73が含まれるのを70%超、好ましくは75%超、さらにより好ましくは80%超、より好ましくは85%超、さらに90%超低減することができることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 哺乳動物細胞においてpre−mRNAからのスプライシングによってヒトCOL7A1 mRNAが生成されるときに、エクソン73が前記mRNAに含まれるのを妨げるか、または低減することができるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドであって、配列5’−UUUCCUGG−3’(配列番号4)によって特徴づけられるエクソン73の(SRp40/SC35結合/ESE)エレメントとアニーリングすることができることを特徴とするアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 1つ以下のCpG配列を有することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- その配列が24ヌクレオチド以下の長さを有することを特徴とする、請求項12または13に記載のアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 哺乳動物細胞においてpre−mRNAからのスプライシングによってヒトCOL7A1 mRNAが生成されるときに、エクソン73が前記mRNAに含まれるのを妨げるか、または低減することができるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドであって、配列番号5、6、7、8、24、25、26、27、28、39、40、41、42、43、29および35のAONからなる群から選択されることを特徴とするアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド。
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