JP2018139516A - Seedling raising method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To raise seedlings suitable for transplanting in a seedling box in which seeds are densely seeded.SOLUTION: A method for raising seedlings involves loading culture soil S comprising nutrients into a seedling box 2 for raising seedlings and loading seeds and fertilizer into the culture soil S. At least predetermined weight of seeds that will give rise to a high vegetation density is loaded. The fertilizer F has slow release properties and is consumed over a predetermined amount of time from when it is loaded, and a weight of which is at least half that of the loaded amount of seeds as a weight ratio is loaded into the seedling box 2 at any of times before the culture soil S, before supplying water to the culture soil S, after supplying water to the culture soil S and before loading the seeds, before loading cover soil, or after loading cover soil. The culture soil S comprises a mixture of sand, a carbonaceous substance C, and an immediately effective cultivation fertilizer P. The compounding ratio of the carbonaceous substance C is at least half that of the culture soil S. The cultivation fertilizer P is prepared by mixing an amount of at least 2000 mg per liter of culture soil 1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10

Description

  The present invention belongs to the technical field of a method for producing seedlings to be transplanted in a field.

  There is a method in which cultivated soil is laid while transporting a seedling box, seed pods are sown in the laid cultivated soil, and the seed pods are buried in the cultivated soil for covering soil, and the seedling box is used as a seedling growing environment. Fertilizer is supplied to this seedling box in order to prevent shortage of nutrients during cultivation (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2005-102550 A

  One seedling raising method is dense seeding in which seeds are put in a seedling box more than before to increase the density of seedlings in the seedling box. By increasing the density of seedlings, increasing the number of seedlings per seedling that a seedling transplanting machine such as a rice transplanter scrapes, so-called sparse planting, in which seedlings are transplanted between wider stocks than before. When it does, it has the effect of preventing the seedling from falling down by a strong wind or being eaten up by pests.

  As a result, it is possible to prevent a part of the planted seedlings from being lost later, so that sparse planting can be easily performed, the number of seedlings per field can be reduced, and the cost required for raising seedlings can be reduced.

  However, in dense sowing, the amount of seedlings per seedling box increases, so more nutrients are needed to grow seedlings than before, and seedling growth is delayed due to lack of fertilizer, and seedlings die. There's a problem.

  In order to prevent problems due to lack of nutrients, it is conceivable to supply a large amount of nutrients in the soil, but the roots of the seedlings will continue to absorb nutrients as long as there are absorbable nutrients. There is a problem that it becomes easy to fall after transplanting, and it takes time for harvesting work, and a work machine such as a combine harvester that harvests fallen crops is loaded and is likely to break down.

  Furthermore, dense planting reduces the vegetation space per seedling, so even if the leaves grow without any problems, the roots may not grow sufficiently. There is a problem that seedlings that die or die due to lack of nutrients are produced.

  An object of the present invention is to grow seedlings suitable for transplantation in a seedling box densely seeded with seeds.

  In order to solve the above problems, the following technical measures were taken.

The invention according to claim 1 is a seedling raising method in which a soil containing nutrients (S) is added to a seedling box (2) for growing seedlings, and seeds and fertilizer (F) are added to the soil (S).
The seeds are charged at a predetermined weight or more that increases the vegetation density, and the fertilizer (F) is slow-released after a predetermined period of time has elapsed from the time of input, and the fertilizer (F) is a seed in a weight ratio. The seedling raising method is characterized in that less than half of the input amount is added.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer (F) is introduced into the seedling box (2) prior to the cultivation soil (S).

  The invention according to claim 3 is to supply water after the cultivation soil (S) is added to the seedling box (2) and before the seed is introduced, and the fertilizer (F) is supplied before supplying water, or The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling box (2) is charged after water is supplied and before seeds are charged.

  In the invention according to claim 4, the cultivation soil (S) is introduced into the seedling box (2), and after the seeds are introduced, the covering soil covering the seeds is introduced, and the fertilizer (F) is charged with the covering soil. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling method is put into the seedling box (2) before or after covering the soil.

  In the invention according to claim 5, the cultivating soil (S) is prepared by mixing earth and sand, coconut shell (C), and fast-acting cultured fertilizer (P), and the blending ratio of the coconut shell (C) is cultivating soil (S The seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cultured fertilizer (P) is mixed in an amount of 2000 mg or more per liter of the soil (S). It was a method.

  The invention according to claim 6 is to supply a fast-acting cultured fertilizer (P) before transplanting or at the time of transplanting to a field for transplanting seedlings grown in the seedling box (2), and the cultured fertilizer (P) The seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein 1 kg or more is supplied per 10 ares.

  According to the invention of claim 1, since the slow-release fertilizer (P) can be absorbed by the seedling when it consumes the nutrients in the soil (S), the seedling that has grown to the appropriate time for transplantation is likely to fall into a chief seedling. And the harvesting time is shortened, and the quality and yield of the harvest are prevented from being reduced.

  In addition, it is not necessary to transplant seedlings aiming at the time when nutrients are lost, and seedlings can be planted at an appropriate time for transplanting, so that it is difficult to modify the work plan.

  Moreover, since it is possible to prevent poor growth due to lack of nutrients, the quality and yield of the harvest can be prevented from being lowered.

  According to the invention of claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, the fertilizer (F) is cultivated by introducing the fertilizer (F) into the seedling box (2) before the cultivation soil (S) is introduced. Since it is located at the bottom of (S), it is not absorbed until the root of the seedling extends long, and the length of the seedling due to excessive fertilizer and the withering of the seedling due to burning of fertilizer can be prevented.

  Moreover, even if the fertilizer (F) is a large grain, by positioning it at the bottom of the floor soil, there is no unevenness on the surface layer side where the seeds are introduced, and the sowing position and sowing depth are made appropriate. And stable germination and growth.

  According to the invention of claim 3, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, by introducing the soil (S) and then fertilizer (F), the fertilizer (F) bounces when dropped and the sowing position is Since disturbance can be prevented, the position of the fertilizer (F) in the seedling box (2) is prevented from being biased, and the seedling is prevented from growing unevenly.

  If the fertilizer (F) is added after the water is added, the position of the fertilizer (F) can be prevented from fluctuating due to the water, so even if it is a light fertilizer (F), the position in the seedling box (2) is uneven. Can be prevented.

  According to the invention of claim 4, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, the fertilizer (F) is eluted by moisture in the air by introducing the fertilizer (F) before the covering soil is introduced, and the seed Since it is possible to prevent the seeds from being absorbed as soon as they germinate, it is possible to prevent the growth of seedlings, and to improve the harvesting work efficiency, the quality of the crops, and the termination.

  On the other hand, since fertilizer (F) can be supplied to a position away from the seeds by introducing fertilizer (F) after covering the soil, fertilizer (F) is hardly consumed until the seedlings grow. The seedling head is prevented and the harvesting work efficiency, crop quality, and completion are improved.

  According to the invention of claim 5, in addition to the effect of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 4, the coconut shell (C) constituting the soil (S) is made half or more by weight ratio, whereby (C) holds the cultured fertilizer (P) and can prevent the cultured fertilizer (P) from being lost along with the evaporation of water in the soil (S), so that the cultured fertilizer (P) acts on the seedlings reliably. Can do.

  Moreover, it is not necessary to supply extra culture fertilizer (P) for the lost amount, and the cultivation cost of seedlings can be reduced.

  According to the invention of claim 6, in addition to the effect of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 4, the growth of seedlings is achieved by supplying the culture fertilizer (P) to the field before or during transplantation. Insufficient culture fertilizer (P) is required after transplanting, and seedling growth is improved.

Side view showing the seeder Top view showing the seeder The top view which shows the principal part of a seedling box supply device Side view showing essential parts of seedling box feeder A perspective view showing a lower receiving plate, an upper receiving plate and a dropping plate Side view of essential parts showing a seeding feeding roller provided with a perforating protrusion of a seeding device Side view of essential parts showing a sowing feeding roller provided with a perforated protrusion of a seeding device of another configuration example Pie chart showing composition ratio of soil Schematic showing sigmoid fertilizer (A) Schematic diagram showing soil that has been fertilized with slow-release fertilizer and seedlings in the middle of growth, (b) Schematic diagram showing soil that has been fertilized with slow-release fertilizer and seedlings at the appropriate time for transplantation (A) Cross-sectional view showing a seedling box supplied with the second fertilizer first, (b) Cross-sectional view showing a seedling box supplied with the second fertilizer after laying the floor soil, (c) Second after covering the soil Sectional view showing a seedling box supplied with fertilizer Side view showing the seeding machine that first supplies the second fertilizer to the seedling box Side view showing the seeding machine that supplies the second fertilizer to the nursery box after laying the floor soil and before irrigation Side view showing the seeding machine that supplies the second fertilizer to the seedling box after laying the floor soil and watering Side view showing the sowing machine that supplies the second fertilizer to the seedling box after covering the soil Schematic diagram showing the components of cultivation

  One embodiment of the present invention will be described below. The following embodiment is merely an embodiment and does not restrict the scope of the claims.

  First, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, a seeding machine 1 that performs floor soil filling, seeding, and covering work will be described.

  The seeding machine 1 includes a transport path 3 for transporting the seedling box 2 in one direction, and is supported on the transport path 3 so that the seedling machine 1 is divided into a plurality of sheets in order from the upper side of the transport path 3 along the transport path 3. The seedling box supply device 4 that feeds the stacked seedling boxes 2 from the lower side in order and supplies them onto the transport path 3, the floor soil packing device 6 that packs the floor soil into the seedling box 2, and the seedling box 2 that is filled with floor soil An irrigation device 29 for irrigating the seedling, a seeding device 7 for sowing the seedling box 2, and a soil covering device 8 for covering the seedling box 2 are provided.

  It should be noted that each of the seedling box supply device 4, the floor soil filling device 6, the sowing device 7 and the soil covering device 8 can be independently installed independently of the other devices and has four legs 9 in total, front, rear, left and right. 10 is supported.

  The left and right leg portions 10 on the front side of the soil covering device 8 are respectively provided with wheels 12 that can be protruded downward from the lower ends of the leg portions 10 via arms 11 that rotate up and down. The seeder 1 can be easily moved by lifting the seeder 1 downward and lifting the seeder 1 to lift the other leg 9 from the ground.

  The conveyance path 3 is composed of left and right conveyance guides 15, and is configured to convey the nursery box 2 with the longitudinal direction directed back and forth between the left and right conveyance guides 15. In the conveyance path 3, as a conveyor to be driven, a seedling box supply conveyor 16 and a floor soil filling part conveyance conveyor 17 which are belt type seedling box conveyance conveyors, and a seeding part conveyance conveyor which is a roller type seedling box conveyance conveyor 18 and the soil covering part conveyance conveyor 28 are provided.

  Then, as a roller-type conveyor that rotates in a free and non-driven manner, a pre-flooring conveyor 62 is provided between the nursery box supply unit transporting conveyor 16 and the floor soiling unit transporting conveyor 17, An irrigation unit conveyor 63 is provided between the sowing unit transport conveyor 18, a pre-soil covering conveyor 64 is provided between the sowing unit transport conveyor 18 and the soil covering unit transport conveyor 28, and a seedling box extraction conveyor 75 is provided on the rear side of the soil covering unit transport conveyor 28. Is provided.

  The seedling box supply device 4 includes a lower receiving plate 34 that receives a group of seedling boxes that are stacked one above the other from the lower side, and an upper part that receives a second seedling box 2 from the lower side of the seedling box group. A plate 35 and a drop plate 36 for forcibly dropping the lowest seedling box 2 of the seedling box group are provided, and the nursery box group supplied onto the upper receiving plate 35 by hand or the like is first placed on the lower receiving plate 34. Taking over, the support of the lowest seedling box 2 of the seedling box group by the lower receiving plate 34 is released in a state where the upper seedling box 2 is supported from the second seedling box 2 from the bottom by the upper receiving plate 35 In this state, the drop plate 36 pushes the lowermost seedling box 2 downward from the upper seedling box group, drops it, feeds it out and feeds it onto the seedling box feeder transport conveyor 16, and this operation step is hereinafter described. By repeating the seedling box feeder transport conveyor 1 in order from the seedling box 2 on the lower side of the seedling box group It is configured and supplied to the top.

  The lower receiving plate 34, the upper receiving plate 35, and the dropping plate 36 are provided at four front and rear left and right positions of the seedling box group so that respective portions acting on the seedling box group do not overlap in the front and rear direction. The nursery box supply unit transport conveyor 16 operates in conjunction with the operation of the nursery box supply unit transport conveyor 16, and a gap is formed between the seedling box 2 previously supplied on the seedling box supply unit transport conveyor 16 and the seedling box 2 to be supplied next. Operates so that it does not occur.

  The transmission structure will be described. The seedling box is transmitted from the output sprocket 95 provided in the seedling box supply motor 94 to the transport transmission chain 96 and the drive sprocket 38, and through a roller 37 on the upper side of the transport that rotates integrally with the drive sprocket 38. The supply part conveyance conveyor 16 is driven.

  Then, the drive sprocket 38 is transmitted to the first counter shaft 41 via the chain 39 and the driven sprocket 40, and the chain 43, the driven sprocket 44, and the one-way clutch are rotated from the drive sprocket 42 that rotates integrally with the first counter shaft 41. Is transmitted to the second counter shaft 45, and the left and right dropping shafts 48 are driven to the opposite sides from the drive bevel gear 46 provided at the left and right ends of the second counter shaft 45 via the driven bevel gear 47. Rotate. The dropping shaft 48 and the dropping plate 36 rotate integrally, and the dropping plate 36 rotates in the direction of moving downward on the left and right inner sides.

  Further, each receiving plate shaft 52 positioned above the dropping shaft 48 is swung within a predetermined angle range from the other end portion of the dropping shaft 48 via the arms 49, 51, the link 50, etc. The lower receiving plate 34 and the upper receiving plate 35 that rotate integrally with the plate shaft 52 are swung to cause the lower receiving plate 34 and the upper receiving plate 35 to alternately act on the raising seedling box group, and the raising seedling box group is sequentially lowered. .

  Further, a manual supply lever 53 serving as a manual supply operation tool for manually rotating the second counter shaft 45 is provided. The manual supply lever 53 allows the operator to arbitrarily place the seedling box supply unit on the conveyor 16. The nursery box 2 can be dropped and supplied.

  The floor soil filling device 6 includes a floor soil tank 54 for storing the soil S as the floor soil, and a floor soil feed tool that feeds the soil in the floor soil tank 54 by a predetermined amount and drops it to the seedling box 2 for supply. The floor soil feeding belt 55, the leveling brush 19 as a leveling tool for leveling the floor soil overflowing on the nursery box 2, and the floor soil pressure reducing tool that enters the seedling box 2 and suppresses the floor soil. The floor soil pressure reduction roller 57 and a floor soil amount adjusting lever that is a floor soil amount adjusting tool for adjusting and adjusting the amount of floor soil feeding by adjusting the clearance on the floor soil feeding belt 55 are provided. The leveling brush 19 is positioned on the lower transfer side of the floor soiling position on the transfer path 3 for supplying soil, and the floor soil pressure reducing roller 57 is positioned on the lower transfer side of the leveling brush 19.

  The transmission structure of the floor soil filling device 6 will be described. The floor soil delivery belt 55 is driven by the floor soil delivery motor 20, and the leveling brush 19 is driven from the floor soil delivery belt 55 via the gear transmission mechanism. Also, the floor soiling section transport conveyor is transmitted by the roller 61 on the lower transport side that is transmitted from the output sprocket 97 provided in the floor soil transporting motor 21 to the drive sprocket 60 via the transport transmission chain 59 and rotates integrally with the drive sprocket 60. 17 is driven. The leveling brush 19 and the floor soil feeding belt 55 rotate in opposite directions.

  In addition, it is good also as a structure transmitted to the floor soil feeding belt 55, the leveling brush 19, and the floor soil filling part conveyance conveyor 17 by one drive of the floor soil feeding motor 20 or the floor soil transporting motor 21.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the seeding device 7 is provided with an adjusting plate 68b at the lower part of the seed tank 68, feeds the seeds to the flow outlet by a predetermined amount, and seeds into the concave grooves of the seeding feeding roller 69 that rotates counterclockwise. The excess seeds attached to the surface of the taking-in and seeding feeding roller 69 are dropped by the first brush 68d. On the outer peripheral edge of the sowing and feeding roller 69, there are perforated protrusions 69a that come into contact with the floor soil of the seedling tray 2 and enter the seeds at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction and at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. It is formed. The predetermined interval in the left-right direction and the predetermined interval in the circumferential direction correspond to the predetermined interval in the left-right direction and the predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the plurality of seedling cells 121 constituting the seedling tray 2.

  Then, a rotary brush 68e is elastically pressed to the upper part of the seeding feeding roller 69 by a spring, and seeds overflowing from the concave groove of the seeding feeding roller 69 are removed and collected in the seed storage tank 68f. It is set as the structure seed | inoculated on the floor soil of the seedling tray 2 currently conveyed from the ditch | groove rotated below.

  Further, a stationary drop brush 70 is provided between the sowing position of the sowing feeding roller 69 and the seed taking-in position, and the seeds that could not be sowed are scraped onto the floor soil of the seedling tray 2 to improve the sowing accuracy and become damp. Improve seed sowing accuracy.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, a second falling brush 68g that rotates between the sowing position of the sowing feeding roller 69 and the seed take-in position is provided, and the outer periphery of the second dropping brush 68g is provided on the outer periphery of the sowing feeding roller 69. The seeds remaining after sowing may be dropped while being in contact with each other and rotating the second drop brush 68g by the sowing feeding roller 69.

  The seeding device 7 also has a seed supply adjustment handle 72 serving as a seed supply adjustment tool that adjusts the gap between the outlets of the seed tank 68 facing the seeding feeding roller 69 to change and adjust the seed supply state to the seeding feeding roller 69. Prepare.

  Therefore, seeds are supplied from the outlet of the seed tank 68 adjusted by the seed supply adjusting handle 72 to the feeding groove of the sowing feeding roller 69, and the feeding groove is moved upward by the rotation of the sowing feeding roller 69. A predetermined amount of seed is transferred in the groove, and seeds unsuitable for sowing such as seeds with pods, branch stems, and seeds with excessive buds are removed from the feeding groove. The feeding groove is rotated by the rotation of the sowing feeding roller 69. It moves downward and is configured to drop and supply seeds to the seedling box 2 at the bottom dead center position (seeding position H).

  In general, the feeding grooves of the seeding and feeding roller 69 have a configuration in which a plurality of grooves are arranged on the outer periphery of the seeding and feeding roller 69 in the left-right direction (the direction of the rotation axis of the seeding and feeding roller 69). When seeding the seedling box 2 with the orientation of the seed pod aligned so that the longitudinal direction (long diameter portion) of the seedling is directed to the longitudinal direction of the seedling box 2, the feeding groove of the seeding feeding roller 69 is arranged in the front-rear direction (seeding feeding roller 69. If a plurality of grooves are arranged on the left and right with long grooves in the rotation outer peripheral direction), the seedlings can be seeded in a desired direction with the longitudinal direction (longer diameter part) of the seeds along the direction of the feeding groove (front-rear direction).

  Further, when the seed potato is lightly pressed against the floor soil immediately after sowing, a pressing roller may be provided immediately after the sowing position H, and the seed potato may be pressed by the pressing roller.

  The transmission configuration of the seeding device 7 will be described. The output sprocket 66 provided in the seeding motor 65 is transmitted to the seeding feeding roller 69 via the feeding transmission chain 67, and the first removal chain 73 and the second removal chain are transmitted from the output sprocket 66. 74 is transmitted to the removal brush 70 through the output sprocket 66, and is transmitted from the output sprocket 66 through the transport transmission chain 71 to the roller 75 on the lower transport side of the seeding section transport conveyor 18, and the chain 77 is transferred from the lower roller 75 on the lower transport side. To the roller 76 on the upper conveyance side. There is a sowing position H between the roller 76 on the upper transport side and the roller 75 on the lower transport side so that the seeding feeding roller 69 feeds and supplies the seeds. In addition, the removal brush 70 and the seeding part conveyance conveyor 18 and the sowing feeding roller 69 are wound around the first removal chain 73 and the conveyance transmission chain 71 so as to cross each other in a side view. In addition, a guide body that covers the feeding groove is provided between the position of the removal brush 70 and the sowing position on the outer periphery of the sowing feeding roller 69 so that the seed does not fall off from the feeding groove.

  The soil covering device 8 is a soil covering tank 84 for storing the soil S as the soil covering, and a soil covering feeding device that serves as a soil covering feeding device that feeds the soil covering in the soil covering tank 84 by a predetermined amount, drops it to the seedling box 2 and supplies it at the soil covering position. Belt 85, leveling plate 86 as a leveling tool for leveling the covering soil overflowing on seedling box 2, and soil covering as a soil covering amount adjusting tool for adjusting and adjusting a gap on soil covering feeding belt 85 The leveling plate 86 is positioned on the lower transport side of the soil covering position on the transport path 3 through which the soil covering feeding belt 85 supplies the soil covering. The transmission configuration of the soil covering device 8 will be described. The soil covering belt 85 is driven by the soil covering motor 78, and a roller on the lower conveyance side of the soil covering section conveyer 28 from the output sprocket 79 provided in the soil covering motor 78 via the conveyance transmission chain 80. Is transmitted from the roller 81 on the lower conveyance side to the roller 82 on the upper conveyance side via the chain 98. There is a covering position between the roller 82 on the upper conveyance side and the roller 81 on the lower conveyance side. In addition, in order to rotate the covering soil supply belt 85 and the covering soil conveying conveyor 28 in opposite directions, the conveying transmission chain 80 is wound so as to intersect in a side view.

  On the front leg 10 of the soil covering device 8, a manual transfer handle 92 serving as an operation tool for manually rotating the nursery box transfer conveyor is held via a hook 93. With this manual transfer handle 92, the seedling box 2 is manually moved when the seeder 1 is stopped due to a failure during seeding with the seeding device 7 or when the seeder 1 is stopped to finish the seeding operation. It can convey and can take out this seedling box 2 from the seeder 1 easily.

  The irrigation device 29 is provided on the upper side of the irrigation unit conveyor 63, is provided with left and right support frames 100 respectively rising from the left and right conveyance guides 15 of the irrigation unit conveyor 63, and is provided with a plurality of nozzles arranged on the left and right. The pipe 99 is supported at both ends by the left and right support frames 100. The irrigation pipe 99, i.e., the irrigation position, is disposed at a position closer to the conveyance of the irrigation unit conveyor 63.

  Each of the pre-flooding conveyor 62, the irrigation unit conveyor 63, the pre-covering conveyor 64, and the seedling box takeout conveyor 75 is fitted to the upper and lower transfer guides 15 at the front and rear ends of the left and right transfer guides 15. The joint member 101 is detachably provided independently from the seeder 1 main body. Therefore, the irrigation device 29 can be disposed between the seeding device 7 and the soil covering device 8 by assembling the irrigation unit conveyor 63 between the seeding device 7 and the soil covering device 8. Or it can also be set as the structure which irrigates after soil covering by assembling the irrigation part conveyor 63 to the back side of the soil covering apparatus 8. FIG.

  When arranging the irrigation device 29 between the seeding device 7 and the soil covering device 8, the pre-soil covering conveyor 64 is assembled to the rear side of the irrigation unit conveyor 63 so that the space between the irrigation device 29 and the soil covering device 8 is sufficiently obtained. It is desirable to replace the pre-covering conveyor 64 assembled on the rear side of the irrigation device 29 with a long conveyor. Thereby, even if the paddy soil with poor water absorption is used for the floor soil, the irrigation of the irrigation device 29 can be permeated into the floor soil, and the soil can be covered with the water on the upper surface of the floor soil, so that the sowing seed Is less likely to be oxygen deficient, and a stable germination rate is obtained. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which can expand-contract the pre-soil covering conveyor 64 by comprising the non-driving roller 64 before covering soil, and setting it as the structure which can mount this non-driving roller to arbitrary positions. In addition, when arrange | positioning the irrigation apparatus 29 between the floor soil filling apparatus 6 and the sowing apparatus 7, it is desirable to lengthen the conveyor between the irrigation apparatus 29 and the sowing apparatus 7 for the same reason as the above.

  Note that the upper end opening of the cover soil tank 84 is provided lower than the upper end opening of the seed tank 68, and the upper end opening of the floor soil tank 54 is provided lower than the upper end opening of the cover soil tank 84. Accordingly, since the amount of use is large, an operator must frequently supply floor soil to the floor soil tank 54 with a scoop. This floor soil supply operation can be easily performed at a low level, and then the soil covering tank 84 having a high supply frequency. The soil covering work can be easily done. Moreover, since the opening at the upper end of the seed tank 68 is high, it is possible to prevent the floor soil or covering soil from being accidentally supplied to the seed tank 68 when the floor soil supplying operation or the covering soil supplying operation is performed. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the seeding device 7 from failing.

  The floor soil tank 54 is supported via a deformable rubber elastic body 113, and is configured to sway with its weight whenever an operator supplies the floor soil. Thereby, the bridging phenomenon of the floor soil in the floor soil tank 54 can be prevented. In particular, when the soil that easily causes the bridging phenomenon such as the soil of the paddy field is used as the floor soil, the feeding of the floor soil can be performed properly. Note that the floor soil tank 54 can be shaken by the operator touching the floor soil tank 54 with a scoop or the like.

  Moreover, when performing sowing work on the seedling box 110 whose left and right width is smaller than the left and right width of the conveyor (less than 30 cm), as shown in FIG. A guide 112 may be attached to restrict the left and right positions of the seedling box 110 on the conveyor. At this time, seeds fed out by the seeding device 7 are wasted at the left and right side portions, and therefore, the receiving container 111 for receiving the seeds may be disposed at the position on the left and right sides below the seeding device 7.

  In transplanting seedlings such as paddy rice, there is a so-called sparse planting method in which the planting interval (between strains) between seedlings is widened to reduce the number of seedlings planted per area in order to reduce costs.

  In addition to this, increase the vegetation density of seedlings per seedling box, reduce the number of seedling boxes prepared at the time of transplanting seedlings, reduce the number of seedling boxes purchased and the amount of transport of seedling boxes to the field, etc. As a method of reducing labor costs by reducing the amount of seeding work and the amount of work of loading seedlings into a seedling transplanter, there is a seedling raising method called dense seeding.

  In the dense sowing, the conventional sowing amount per seedling box may vary depending on the region, but the seeding amount is approximately 50% larger than the conventional sowing amount (eg, conventional sowing amount 160 g / box, dense sowing) 240 g / box).

  Since the seeding amount increases in dense seeding, the fertilizer and chemicals contained in the cultivation soil are consumed faster than before, and the appropriate transplanting time for seedlings is shorter and faster than before. As a result, it becomes necessary to change the transplanting work and the work plan after transplanting, and it is necessary for the worker to perform extra work, and the changed plan cannot be accommodated. May reduce quality and yield. In addition, there is a problem that poor growth occurs due to lack of fertilizer.

  Increasing the amount of fertilizer and chemicals supplied to the soil can prevent changes in the appropriate transplantation period and the occurrence of poor growth, but if there is a fertilizer that can be absorbed in the soil, the seedlings will grow by absorbing the fertilizer indefinitely. The planted seedlings become overgrown in the appropriate time for transplantation, and the planted seedlings tend to fall down, causing extra work time when harvesting with a combine or the like and a problem of reducing the quality and yield of the crop.

  Further, when the amount of the medicine to be supplied is increased, there are problems that the medicine component accumulates in the field when transplanted in the field, changes the soil quality, contaminates the surrounding water, and increases the cost.

  In addition to this, dense planting has a problem that the vegetation space per one seedling is narrower than before, so that the tension of the root portion is weak and the root portion is hard to be entrapped when planted in a field.

  The dense seeding method with the improvement corresponding to the above problem will be described as follows.

  As shown in the graph of FIG. 8, the soil S to be introduced into the seedling box 2 includes soil and sand sterilized by screening the mountain soil, coconut shell C which is a porous carbonaceous material having pores, and germination of seedlings. The first fertilizer P necessary for growth, for example, phosphate P is mixed and prepared. At this time, let the coconut shell C be the quantity which occupies 50% or more of the cultivation soil S by weight ratio. Moreover, the 1st fertilizer P uses the solution which melt | dissolved water-soluble phosphate P, such as a heavy superphosphate lime, in water. In addition, the nutrient solution of phosphate P shall supply the quantity in which 2000 mg or more of phosphate P is contained per 1 liter of soil S. Note that the ratios of the soil S, the coconut shell C, and the fertilizer shown in FIG. 8 are merely examples, and the ratios can be changed within a range that satisfies the above-described conditions to match the seedling type, transplant time, and the like.

  The porous soil S containing coconut husk C has high water absorption and low water repellency. Therefore, the solution of phosphate P is difficult to evaporate from the soil S, and sufficient phosphate P is required when seeds grow. Can absorb. The phosphate P is one of the components that promote the growth of the root part of the seedling. When the phosphate P is present in an appropriate amount in the soil S, the root part can be strongly grown even in dense seeding. .

  This prevents the roots from taking root when transplanting seedlings in the field, preventing the growth of seedlings from being delayed, disturbing work plans, and not being able to absorb enough nutrients, thereby reducing crop quality and yield. The

  In addition, when coconut shell C cannot be used for cultivation soil S due to conditions such as the type of crop to be cultivated or the nature of the field to be transplanted, the content of phosphate P per liter of cultivation S is increased and the effects of water evaporation, etc. There is a method to compensate for the phosphate P that is lost. The content of phosphate P at this time depends on conditions such as the type and season of the crop and the constituents of the soil S, but if it is 3000 to 8000 mg or more per 1 liter of the soil S, it becomes easy to obtain a root strengthening action. .

  And in addition to the above-mentioned phosphate P, which is a fast-acting first fertilizer P, in order to prevent seedling growth due to excessive absorption of nutrients in a short period of time while preventing lack of nutrients, Fertilize the second fertilizer F.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the second fertilizer F uses a coated fertilizer F1 covered with a coating agent U such as a urethane resin so that the first fertilizer P contained in the cultivated soil S does not flow into the soil until it runs out. In order to optimize the time when the coating agent U of the coated fertilizer F1 decreases and the fertilizer is eluted, the coated fertilizer F1 is a so-called sigmoid type in which the amount of dissolution increases rapidly after 50 to 120 days from fertilization.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b), when the citric acid concentration contained in the root acid secreted from the root of the seedling exceeds a predetermined concentration (about 2%), it starts to dissolve and the seedling can be absorbed slowly. The molten phosphorus F2 having high solubility is used. Since the molten phosphorus F2 is not easily dissolved in water, it is difficult for the molten phosphorus F2 to be washed away by entering and leaving the water in the field, and it is difficult to remain in the soil if the amount of fertilization is appropriate. Moreover, since it is close to neutrality, it has the property of hardly changing the properties of the soil.

  Thereby, since coat fertilizer F1 or molten phosphorus F2 is maintained in a state where it cannot be absorbed until the seedlings grow to some extent, the seedlings are prevented from excessively absorbing the fertilizer in a short period of time and becoming primate seedlings. Thereby, lodging of seedlings is prevented, harvesting operations with a combine or the like can be performed efficiently, and deterioration of crop quality or yield is prevented.

  Moreover, since the nutrient of the cultivation soil S is insufficient and it is possible to prevent the seedling from being poorly grown, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the quality and yield of the crop and to prevent the work plan from being disturbed.

  The fertilizer F such as the coat fertilizer F1 or the molten phosphorus F2 is put into the nursery box 2 together with the soil S and seeds. The amount of the fertilizer F is adjusted in accordance with conditions such as seedling type and local climate.

  For example, in low temperature seedlings or in areas where the planting time is warm, the second fertilizer F is a small amount compared to the first fertilizer P because it is transplanted to the field at the stage of seedlings with short length and few leaves. Good. If the second fertilizer F is supplied excessively, the seed soil containing the second fertilizer F enters the field, so the nutrients in the field become excessive, the seedling grows up, and the harvesting work efficiency due to lodging The problem is that the quality of the harvest is reduced due to the decrease in the amount of fertilizer and excessive fertilizer.

  In addition, when seedlings are planted in the field, a fertilizer is provided in a seedling transplanter such as a rice transplanter, and fertilizer for growing in the field is supplied near the seedling planting position. Further, in accordance with the growth of the seedling, an operation of adding fertilizer after transplanting, so-called additional fertilization is performed. Therefore, the seedling box 2 only needs to have sufficient fertilizer necessary for growth before transplantation.

  In the above case, the second fertilizer F is supplied to the seedling box 2 from about 1/10 to about 1/5 of the seed input (24 to 48 g when the seed input is 240 g).

  Thereby, since the 2nd fertilizer F is used for growth of a seedling by the transplanting time, and almost disappears, when transplanted to the field, nutrients do not elute from the soil S remaining around the seedling in the field, and the fertilizer is excessive. It is possible to prevent the quality of the harvest from being deteriorated and to prevent lodging by the chief, improving the efficiency of harvesting operations with a combine or the like.

  On the other hand, in seedlings that are vulnerable to low temperatures and in regions where planting operations are cold, it is necessary to transplant to the field at the middle seedling stage with a long length and a large number of leaves, so it is necessary to supply a large amount of the second fertilizer F. .

  In the above case, the second fertilizer F is supplied to the seedling box 2 from about one quarter to about one half of the seed input (60 to 120 g when the seed input is 240 g).

  As a result, even if the first fertilizer P is consumed, sufficient nutrients are present in the culture soil S, so there is no shortage of nutrients until the seedlings grow, and the time of transplanting is delayed due to poor growth. It is possible to prevent the quality and yield of crops from being lowered because the cultivation work on the street cannot be performed.

  In addition, since the seedlings are transplanted to the field when they are sufficiently grown, the growth is hardly affected even if the temperature or water temperature is temporarily lowered, so that the crop quality and yield are prevented from being lowered.

  The fertilizer applicator 90 for supplying the second fertilizer F is provided on the transport path of the seedling box 2 by the seeder 1. The fertilizer applicator 90 changes the position to be arranged depending on the type of the second fertilizer F to be supplied and the seed to be sown in the seedling box 2.

  For example, when the second fertilizer F is in a state where it is eluted with a relatively small amount of water or citric acid, or when the coating agent U is thin, or when unevenness occurs at the seed sowing position, germination or seedling growth occurs. When it is a type that is easily affected, as shown in FIG. 12, the fertilizer application device 90 is provided on the upper side in the transport direction from the floor soil filling device 6, and the first seedling box 2 is placed as shown in FIG. 11 (a). 2 Supply fertilizer F.

  Thereby, since the 2nd fertilizer F is located in the bottom part of the seedling raising box 2, even if a fertilizer component elutes early, it only accumulates in the bottom of bed soil, and it is absorbed until the root part of a seedling extends long. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the seedlings from being overgrown with fertilizers and the seedlings from withering due to burning fertilizers.

  Moreover, even if the grain of the second fertilizer F is large, it is possible to make the sowing position and the sowing depth appropriate without causing unevenness on the surface layer side to be sown by being located at the bottom of the floor soil. Stable germination and growth.

  As a problem of the supply position of the second fertilizer F, since the second fertilizer F having relatively large grains is first supplied to the seedling box 2, the second fertilizer F bounces or rolls when dropped, and the fertilizer There is a tendency that the supply position is easily biased.

  In order to absorb the second fertilizer F as evenly as possible when the root of the seedling grows, the fertilizer application device 90 is located on the lower side in the conveying direction than the floor soil filling device 6 and from the irrigation device 29 as shown in FIG. May be arranged on the upper side in the conveying direction, and the second fertilizer F may be fertilized on the floor soil before irrigation. As shown in FIG. 11 (b), if floor soil is laid in the seedling box 2, even if the second fertilizer F falls from the fertilizer application device 90, the floor soil absorbs the impact of the fall, so the second fertilizer F bound is prevented.

  In addition, since the floor soil becomes a movement resistance of the second fertilizer F, even if the seedling box 2 is subjected to vibration due to conveyance, the second fertilizer F is difficult to roll. Furthermore, since it is possible to prevent the coating agent U from being cracked and peeled off due to a drop impact, it is possible to prevent the time when the second fertilizer F starts to act early.

  Thereby, since distribution of the 2nd fertilizer F in the seedling raising box 2 becomes uniform, it can prevent that a big difference arises in growth of a seedling by the excess and deficiency of a fertilizer. Accordingly, the seedling is prevented from withering or falling down due to the low temperature.

  In this configuration, since water is supplied from the irrigation device 29 after fertilization, the second fertilizer F or the coating agent U needs to be compatible with the supply of water using a material having solubility.

  However, when the water supplied from the irrigation device 29 directly hits the second fertilizer F, the position of the second fertilizer F changes due to the momentum of the water, and there may be a problem that unevenness occurs in the fertilizer supply position.

  In order to obtain higher fertilization accuracy, as shown in FIG. 14, the fertilizer 90 is disposed on the lower side in the transport direction than the floor soil filling device 6 and the irrigation device 29 and on the upper side in the transport direction than the seeding device 7. The second fertilizer F may be fertilized after irrigation and before sowing.

  By fertilizing the second fertilizer F after irrigation, the position of the second fertilizer F is less likely to be biased. Moreover, it is prevented that the component of the 2nd fertilizer F and the coating agent U elute by not making a flowing water contact the 2nd fertilizer F. FIG.

  In the above example, the second fertilizer F comes into contact with the seeds to be charged, but if the seeds are large or heavy, the contacted second fertilizer F may move, and the second There may be unevenness in the fertilizer application position.

  In order to prevent this, as shown in FIG. 15, it arrange | positions in the conveyance direction of the said seeder 1 in the conveyance direction lower side rather than the soil covering apparatus 8, and as shown in FIG. Apply fertilizer.

  By applying the second fertilizer F after covering the soil, contact between the second fertilizer F and the seeds can be prevented, so that the application position of the second fertilizer F is prevented from being biased.

  In addition, since the 2nd fertilizer F stays on the surface of a covering soil, it is necessary to use the thing which a component does not change easily by the elution by the water | moisture content in air, or contact with air.

  According to the above method, the seeds sown in the seedling box 2 grow into seedlings suitable for transplantation to a field as long as the cultivation method is appropriate. However, in dense seeding, since the space per seedling in the soil of the cultivation soil S is small, the root portion may be insufficiently grown with respect to the leaf portion.

  Roots with insufficient growth may be delayed in growth if the low temperature continues after being transplanted to the field, and growth may be delayed or die. Moreover, when a strong wind blows, a seedling will be washed away and the location where the seedling is not planted has a problem of fresh juice. Furthermore, when the washed seedling is settled in another place, a place where the seedling planting interval is significantly different from other places is generated. If there is a significant difference in planting intervals, problems such as slow growth due to the nutrients being mixed with the surroundings, poor ventilation and easy attachment of pests, and occurrence of parts that are difficult to cut during harvesting occur.

  In order to prevent the occurrence of the above problems, it is necessary to enrich the phosphate component in the field to transplant seedlings grown by dense seeding.

  Therefore, before performing the scraping work, a fertilizer is attached to a work vehicle such as a tractor and the phosphate P is supplied to the field. This phosphate P is water-soluble and penetrates into the soil by taking water into the field at the time of scraping.

  In addition, it is desirable that the amount of phosphate P to be supplied is 1 kg or more per 10 ares. However, if phosphate P is accumulated in the field, there is a risk of oversupply. It is good to measure the content of phosphate P and adjust the amount used.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 16, in addition to phosphate P, when simultaneously supplying mashed lime or the like containing magnesium M, magnesium M promotes absorption of phosphate P, so that seedling survival is promoted. . Magnesium M is a component necessary for promoting the photosynthesis of seedlings and the absorption of other fertilizer components (silicates, etc.) and is comparable to phosphate P or more than the amount of phosphate P used. It is desirable to supply.

  The phosphate P and the magnesium M may be supplied from a fertilizer applied to the rice transplanter when the seedling is transplanted by the rice transplanter.

  Alternatively, phosphate P and magnesium M may be supplied to the seedling box 2 before the transplanting operation. At this time, about 100 to 150 g of phosphate P may be supplied per box.

  The above relates to paddy rice transplanted in a paddy field. Since the paddy field discharges water in accordance with the growth of the rice seedlings, the paddy rice is not consumed, and a small amount of remaining components such as phosphate P are discharged together. Therefore, it is difficult for many components such as phosphate P to remain in the field, and problems due to excessive fertilizer are unlikely to occur even when approximately the same amount of nutrients is supplied at the next work.

  On the other hand, in the field cropping field, water is basically not spread in the field, so that most of the nutrients that the crop did not consume for growth remain in the field. Such nutrients tend to occur by applying a large amount of fertilizer so that the vegetable seedlings transplanted in the field do not cause poor growth due to lack of fertilizer.

  In order to prevent the occurrence of this problem, when transplanting seedlings, the amount of phosphate P contained in the culture soil S planted with the seedlings should be increased to reduce the amount of fertilization after planting.

  As shown in FIG. 16, when creating the soil S with a high amount of phosphate P, the soil S has a highly water-soluble and highly effective heavy superphosphate lime, and melted phosphorus that is hardly soluble in water and has a slow release. As a phosphoric acid additive, a nitrogen component N and a potassium component K are added.

  The phosphoric acid additive is added at 50000 mg or more per liter of the soil S, and the nitrogen component and the potassium component are added at 80 to 800 mg or more per liter. At this time, about the earth and sand which comprises the cultivation soil S, it is desirable to set it as the quantity exceeding 40% by weight ratio.

  Thereby, since the phosphate P in the culture soil S can be increased, even if the fertilization amount after transplanting the seedling is reduced, the seedling can absorb nutrients such as the phosphate P in the culture soil S. Therefore, growth failure due to lack of fertilizer is prevented.

  In addition, it is possible to prevent the fertilizer component from remaining in the soil, to prevent the length of the fertilizer and the quality of the harvest from being reduced due to excessive fertilizer, and to reduce the amount of fertilizer used.

2 Nursery box C Coconut shell (carbonaceous)
F 2nd fertilizer (fertilizer)
F1 coated fertilizer F2 molten phosphorus P phosphate (cultured fertilizer)
S culture

Claims (6)

In the seedling raising method (2), the culture medium containing nutrients (S) is added to the seedling box (2), and seeds and fertilizer (F) are added to the culture medium (S).
Seed is input more than a predetermined weight that increases the vegetation density, and fertilizer (F) is slow-released after a predetermined period from the time of input,
The fertilizer (F) is a seedling raising method characterized in that the fertilizer (F) is added in an amount of not more than half of the seed input by weight.   The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer (F) is introduced into a seedling box (2) before the cultivation soil (S). Supply water after putting soil (S) into the seedling box (2) and before putting seeds,
The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer (F) is introduced into the seedling box (2) before supplying water or after supplying water and before introducing seeds. Putting soil (S) into the seedling box (2), throwing the covering soil covering the seeds after throwing the seeds,
2. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer (F) is introduced into the seedling box (2) before or after the covering soil is introduced. The culture soil (S) is prepared by mixing earth and sand, carbonaceous material (C), and fast-acting culture fertilizer (P),
The mixing ratio of the carbonaceous material (C) is at least half that of the soil (S), and the culture fertilizer (P) is mixed with an amount of 2000 mg or more per liter of the soil (S). Item 5. The seedling raising method according to any one of Items 1 to 4. In the field where the seedlings grown in the seedling box (2) are transplanted, a fast-acting cultured fertilizer (P) is supplied before transplanting or at the time of transplanting,
The seedling cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cultured fertilizer (P) supplies 1 kg or more per 10 ares.

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