JP2018121521A - 制御装置 - Google Patents
制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/28—Arrangements for controlling current
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
- F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
- F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
- F02B39/10—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio electric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
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- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
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- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
- H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
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- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
- H02P25/03—Synchronous motors with brushless excitation
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
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- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/06—Arrangements for speed regulation of a single motor wherein the motor speed is measured and compared with a given physical value so as to adjust the motor speed
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
- H02P6/085—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor in a bridge configuration
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- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/10—Arrangements for controlling torque ripple, e.g. providing reduced torque ripple
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
- H02P6/15—Controlling commutation time
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
- H02P6/15—Controlling commutation time
- H02P6/157—Controlling commutation time wherein the commutation is function of electro-magnetic force [EMF]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
- H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
- H02P6/18—Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
- H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
- H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
- H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
- H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
- H02P7/29—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using pulse modulation
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/02—Details of the control
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- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
- H02P2201/07—DC-DC step-up or step-down converter inserted between the power supply and the inverter supplying the motor, e.g. to control voltage source fluctuations, to vary the motor speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
- H02P2201/11—Buck converter, i.e. DC-DC step down converter decreasing the voltage between the supply and the inverter driving the motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/05—Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1.モーターの固有の特性からの速度を制限するための弱め界磁
2.始動トルクおよび低速での予測可能性を改善するためのヘリカル磁石
3.モータートルクが、電磁石に電力を供給する直流信号によって調整できるようにするための永久磁石よりむしろ電磁石
4.平滑な交流電流(振動する)入力を前提として、モーターのトルク出力を円滑にするような方法で選択された固定子巻線の分散
5.モーター定数(電流入力とトルク出力との間の関係)が機械的手段によって調整できるようにする可変空隙(特に、「軸方向磁束」タイプのモーターにおいて)、ならびに
6.入力交流信号の形状に対するモーターの感度を弱めるための弱い磁石または受動励起された(金属)材料の使用
を含む。
a.強い永久磁石特性をもつ材料で作られ、軸回転に対応する角度寸法にわたって一定の厚さを有するような方法で成形され、間隔なしでローターの周囲に分散されているローター磁石(その設計特徴の全てが、磁石の縁部に近い巻線によって経験される電磁場を、強度において、磁石の中心近くで経験される電磁場に類似させる)
b.モーターと、位相を構成する直列または並列接続された巻線の任意の集合が、モーターの磁石から生じている同一の(軸回転にわたって変化するが、どこでもいつでも互いに同等である)電磁場をどこでも受けるような巻線パターン、によって提供される電気位相接続の数で割り切れる歯(固定子巻線が周囲に巻き付けられている金属元素)の数(軸のどの回転角においても、位相内の全ての巻線が補完的であり、互いに弱める働きをしないように)
c.bが実施可能であるように選択された磁石(極)の数
d.対立する両極性の隣接する磁石間のインタフェースが巻線ループのスパン内を通過するローターの回転角度が、制御装置がその巻線ループにわたって最大電流を維持する位相角(振動周期の割合)と正確に合致するように選択された磁石の角度の厚さ(アーク長)および巻線ピッチ(単一の巻線ループによってかけられる歯の数)、ならびに
e.モーターが準拠する必要のある電流および電圧仕様などの他の考慮事項によって許可される範囲で、直列よりもむしろ並列で接続されている巻線を形成している個々のワイヤーループに対する優先によって達成される最小限の巻線インダクタンス(大きな内部インダクタンスは、かかる変換がモーター速度に応じた範囲で、制御装置によって生成される信号を平滑にし、かつ遅延させる傾向があり、従って、制御装置内で適合するのが困難であるという事実を認めて)。
さらに、整流を制御する同一のIGBTに対してこの種のPWM制御を実施することは、IGBTのスイッチング周波数14が整流16のスイッチング周波数よりも著しく高く、かつモーター軸の回転速度と比較してさらに高い必要があるということを意味する。これは、その方法を高電気速度で実行不可能にする。例えば、PWMモーター制御装置内のIGBTスイッチング周波数は、通常、結果として生じるPWM出力を平滑にするため、十分に高いインダクタンスをもつモーターに対する整流周波数より、少なくとも10倍高いであろう。さらに、超低インダクタンスおよび高効率を必要とする、本発明の好ましい実施形態で提案されたタイプのモーターでは、IGBTスイッチング周波数14は、整流周波数16よりも少なくとも100倍高い必要があるだろう。本発明の実施形態で望まれる高動作速度のために、この制御方法は非実現的になる。
位相Aの電圧:sin(x)
位相Bの電圧:sin(x−pi/3)(三相モーターにおける120度の位相オフセット)
位相A−B:sin(x)−sin(x−pi/3)=sqrt(3)sin(x+pi/6)(sin(x)より30度進んだ波形)
10a 電圧
12 電流パルス
12a 定電圧振幅のパルス
14 スイッチング周波数
16、64 整流周波数
20、40 モーター
22 四極永久磁石ローター
24 軸
26、28、30、32 磁石
34 巻線
50 位相
36 スロット
62 振幅
66 間隔
68 切り替えポイント
Claims (10)
- 複数の個々の相巻線を含む永久磁石電気回転機のための制御システムであって、
前記電気回転機の前記個々の相巻線に供給する、または前記個々の相巻線から引き出される励磁電流の振幅を制御するための電流供給フィードバックループと、
前記電流供給フィードバックループとは独立に動作する整流フィードバックループであって、前記電気回転機の角度位置に依存し、前記相巻線の各々に供給される、または前記相巻線の各々から引き出される前記励磁電流のタイミングおよび持続時間を制御するように動作する整流フィードバックループと
を備え、
前記電気回転機の回転が、位置信号に対応する各相巻線における逆起電力を生成し、
対応する前記相巻線についての前記逆起電力の振幅が、前記複数の相巻線の他の1つについて検出される前記逆起電力よりも大きいときに、前記整流フィードバックループが、前記励磁電流の電流パルスを所与の相巻線に提供する、または前記励磁電流の電流パルスを前記所与の相巻線から引き出し、
前記整流フィードバックループは、前記逆起電力をフィルタリングするためのフィルタを含み、前記フィルタは、前記電流パルスおよび前記角度位置の信号を同期させるために、前記逆起電力に対して位相シフトを導入する、制御システム。 - 前記逆起電力は、異なる相巻線で生成される前記逆起電力の相間電圧である、請求項1に記載の制御システム。
- 前記電流供給フィードバックループは、過電流状態を防ぐための飽和チェックをさらに含む、請求項1または2に記載の制御システム。
- 前記励磁電流が、矩形波電流信号である、請求項1に記載の制御システム。
- 電気回転機の周囲のいくつかのスロット内に配置された複数の相巻線であって、各位相での前記相巻線が、単一の励磁電流により励起されるときに補完的であり、互いに弱める働きをしないような、複数の相巻線と、
複数の永久磁石と、
制御システムとを備え、前記制御システムが、
前記電気回転機に励磁電流を供給するため、または前記電気回転機から励磁電流を受け取るための電力供給と、
前記電力供給とは独立に動作する整流回路であって、前記相巻線の各々に送られる、または前記相巻線の各々から引き出される前記励磁電流の供給のタイミングおよび持続時間を制御するように動作する整流回路とを備え、
前記電力供給は、パルス幅変調手法を用いて電流振幅を調整するための電流供給制御装置を備え、前記電流振幅は、前記相巻線の各々に供給され、または前記相巻線の各々から引き出され、
前記電気回転機の回転が各相巻線における逆起電力を生成し、
前記整流回路は、所与の前記相巻線についての前記逆起電力の振幅が、前記複数の相巻線の他の1つについての前記逆起電力よりも大きいときに、前記励磁電流の電流パルスを前記所与の相巻線に送る、または前記励磁電流の電流パルスを前記所与の相巻線から引き出す整流フィードバックループを備え、
前記整流フィードバックループは、前記逆起電力をフィルタリングするためのフィルタを備え、前記フィルタは、前記電流パルスおよび角度位置を同期させるために、前記逆起電力に対して位相シフトを導入する、永久磁石電気回転機。 - 電流供給フィードバックループが、前記電流振幅を調整するための調整フィードバックループをさらに備える、請求項5に記載の永久磁石電気回転機。
- 前記電気回転機の速度および/または前記電気回転機の角度位置を示す信号を提供するための手段をさらに備える、請求項5または6に記載の永久磁石電気回転機。
- 前記整流フィードバックループは、前記角度位置の信号に依存して、前記巻線への電流または前記巻線からの電流のタイミングおよび持続時間を制御するために動作する、請求項7に記載の永久磁石電気回転機。
- 各相巻線の前記逆起電力が、前記角度位置の信号に対応する請求項8に記載の永久磁石電気回転機。
- 前記電気回転機の速度および/または前記電気回転機の角度位置を示し、制御手段により測定される信号は、前記巻線で誘導される電流を示す整流信号である、請求項5に記載の永久磁石電気回転機。
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