JP2017525580A - 歪みナノ粒子を含むナノ粒子を合成する方法およびシステム - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
この書類に記載されている種々の実施態様は、エアロゾル化された前駆体溶液を加熱することによって複数個のナノ粒子を生成する工程を含むものであってもよく、その工程は、いくつかの実施態様においては、複数個のナノ粒子を連続的に(continuous、反復的に、繰返し)かつ高い生産率(production rate)で生成する工程に向いているかもしれない。
いくつかの実施態様においては、この書類に記載されているいくつかの方法およびいくつかのシステムにより、歪みなしナノ粒子および/または歪みナノ粒子(strained nanoparticles、歪みありナノ粒子)が生成されてもよい。例えば、二峰性粒子径分布の場合には、より大きな直径を有するナノ粒子が、歪みを有するように形成される一方、より小さな直径を有するナノ粒子が、僅かな歪みしか有しないように形成されてもよい。この書類において用いられるように、「歪みナノ粒子」という用語は、歪み結晶構造体を有するナノ粒子を意味し、その歪み結晶構造体は、X線回折法(「XRD」)によって分析されたときに、結晶面にシフト(shift、ずれ、ピークシフト)があることによって検出することが可能である。いくつかの実施態様においては、歪みナノ粒子が、ナノ結晶、コア−シェル(core-shell)・ナノ粒子であって結晶性のコアとアモルファスのシェルとを有するもの、SiGeコア−シェル・ナノ粒子、およびそれらと同様なものであってもよい。注目されるべきことは、特記されない限り、「ナノ粒子」という用語は、歪みなしナノ粒子と、歪みナノ粒子との双方を含むということである。
DP= σ*(f)-0.66(Q)0.207(γ)0.11( )-0.274( )0.166(power/area)-0.4
ただし、DPは、結果物である粒子の直径であり、また、σは、温度と、選択された前駆体溶液の種類とに依存する定数であり、また、fは、変換器(transducer、エネルギーの形態を変換するデバイス)/超音波処理(sonicating)のための周波数であり、また、Qは、前記キャリア・ガスの流速であり、また、γは、前記前駆体溶液の表面張力であり、また、ρは、前記前駆体溶液の密度であり、また、ηは、前記前駆体溶液の粘性であり、また、power/areaは、パワー密度(power density)である。
いくつかの実施態様においては、前記歪みナノ粒子が圧電効果(piezoelectric effects)を示してもよい。圧電気(piezoelectricity、圧電効果によって発生する電気)というものは、電荷が蓄積される(build-up)という特別の状況であって、機械的応力によって特定の固体材料構造体内に発生するものである。一般に、その圧電効果は、反転対称性を有しない結晶性材料において機械的状態と電気的状態との間での線形電気−機械相互作用であることが実験的に求められてきた。その圧電効果は、加えられた機械力による電荷の内部的発生が、印加された電場(electric field、電界)による機械的歪みの内部的発生に逆変換されることが可能であるように、可逆的な過程である。
いくつかの例
Claims (29)
- 流動するキャリア・ガスの存在下に、前駆体溶液をエアロゾル化し、それにより、反応物流を生成する工程であって、前記前駆体溶液は、揮発性溶媒と、ナノ粒子前駆体とを含有するものと、
前記反応物流を、前記揮発性溶媒の沸点より高い温度に加熱し、それにより、複数個のナノ粒子を含む生成物流を生成する工程と、
前記生成物流を冷却する工程と、
前記生成物流を捕集用液体内を通過させ、それにより、前記生成物流から前記複数個のナノ粒子を捕集する工程と
を含む方法。 - 前記キャリア・ガスは、不活性ガスである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記揮発性溶媒は、メタノールと、エタノールと、イソプロパノールと、ブタノールと、それらのうちの任意のものの組合せとからなるグループから選択された少なくとも1つを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子前駆体は、有機金属化合物を含有する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子前駆体は、IV属元素化合物を含有する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記揮発性溶媒の沸点より高い前記温度は、約500℃と約1200℃との範囲内にある請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応物流を加熱する工程は、その反応物流を管状炉内を通過させる工程を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数個のナノ粒子は、IV属元素を含有するとともに、シフトした結晶面ピークを有する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数個のナノ粒子は、多峰性直径分布を有する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数個のナノ粒子は、約3nmと約1000nmとの範囲内にある平均直径を有する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数個のナノ粒子は、プラス・マイナス約0.5nmからプラス・マイナス約10nmまでの範囲内の標準偏差を有する直径分布を有する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 流動するキャリア・ガスの存在下に、前駆体溶液をエアロゾル化し、それにより、反応物流を生成することを繰り返す工程であって、前記前駆体溶液は、揮発性溶媒と、ナノ粒子前駆体とを含有するものと、
前記前駆体溶液の補充を繰り返す工程と、
前記反応物流を、前記揮発性溶媒の沸点より高い温度に加熱し、それにより、複数個のナノ粒子を含む生成物流を生成する工程と、
前記生成物流を冷却する工程と、
前記生成物流を捕集用液体内を通過させ、それにより、前記生成物流から前記複数個のナノ粒子を捕集する工程と、
前記捕集用液体の交換を繰り返す工程と
を含む方法。 - さらに、
前記複数個のナノ粒子を前記捕集用液体から抽出する工程を含む請求項12に記載の方法。 - さらに、
前記複数個のナノ粒子を前記捕集用液体から抽出することを繰り返す工程を含む請求項12に記載の方法。 - エアロゾル化は、約1kHzと約200kHzとの範囲内にある周波数で行われる請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子前駆体は、有機金属化合物を含有する請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子前駆体は、IV属元素化合物を含有する請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記複数個のナノ粒子は、IV属元素を含有するとともに、シフトした結晶面ピークを有する請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記複数個のナノ粒子は、多峰性直径分布を有する請求項12に記載の方法。
- IV属元素を含有するとともに、シフトした結晶面ピークを有するナノ粒子。
- 前記ナノ粒子は、約3nmと約1000nmとの範囲内にある平均直径を有する請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記シフトした結晶面ピークは、(111)結晶面であって、2θ値が約1度と約8度との範囲内の量だけシフトしたものである請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子は、シリコンとゲルマニウムとを、ゲルマニウムに対するシリコンのモル比が約1:10と約10:1との範囲内にあるように含有する請求項20に記載の方法。
- 複数個のナノ粒子を合成するシステムであって、
揮発性溶媒とナノ粒子前駆体とを含有する前駆体溶液を収容するとともにキャリア・ガスを収容するように構成された前駆体溶液容器と、
前記前駆体溶液をエアロゾル化するエアロゾル化装置と、
前記エアロゾル化された前駆体溶液と前記キャリア・ガスとを含有する反応物流を輸送して加熱し、それにより、複数個のナノ粒子を生成するように構成された管状炉と、
前記複数個のナノ粒子を捕集するための捕集用液体を収容する捕集用溶液容器と
を含むシステム。 - 前記管状炉は、テーパ付きの管状炉を含む請求項24に記載のシステム。
- さらに、
前記捕集用液体が前記管状炉内に進入することを阻止するように構成されたバルブを含む請求項24に記載のシステム。 - さらに、
前駆体溶液を前記前駆体溶液容器に添加することを繰り返すシリンジ・ポンプを含む請求項24に記載のシステム。 - 前記エアロゾル化装置は、超音波処理機(sonicator)と、霧化器(mister)と、噴霧器(fogger)とのうちのいずれかである請求項24に記載のシステム。
- 前記管状炉は、互いに異なるゾーン温度を有する複数のゾーンを有する請求項24に記載のシステム。
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| CN114044671A (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-02-15 | 陕西天璇涂层科技有限公司 | 一种离心式喷雾造粒法制备高熵稀土钽酸盐空心球粉体的方法 |
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| EP3142965A4 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
| US20170081199A1 (en) | 2017-03-23 |
| EP3142965A1 (en) | 2017-03-22 |
| KR101990189B1 (ko) | 2019-06-17 |
| JP6525447B2 (ja) | 2019-06-05 |
| CA2949102A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
| US10544046B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
| KR20170018330A (ko) | 2017-02-17 |
| CA2949102C (en) | 2019-11-26 |
| WO2015176045A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
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