JP2017514093A - 冷却機を作動させる方法 - Google Patents
冷却機を作動させる方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000026676 system process Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/02—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of reciprocating-piston type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/003—Indoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/004—Outdoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
- F25B2600/0253—Compressor control by controlling speed with variable speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
- F25B2700/21161—Temperatures of a condenser of the fluid heated by the condenser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
- F25B2700/21171—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator
- F25B2700/21173—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator at the outlet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Abstract
Description
[0031]全ての環境条件(蒸気圧縮システムを作動させても安全な環境条件内において)に呼応して圧縮機を連続的に作動させることにはいくつかの利点がある。第一に、既に論じたように、冷却機作動効率が向上する温度範囲(従って、好ましい環境条件に遭遇する蓋然性)が大幅に拡大する。第二に、圧縮機を連続的に作動させるには電力のような動力が必要であるが、好ましい環境条件に係る温度範囲を大幅に拡大することに関連して冷却機作動効率が上昇することにより、必要な動力の量は最小化される。例えば、図7は、凝縮器に入る温度の範囲に対する冷却能力パーセンテージ(負荷%)を表す性能曲線76を示す図であり、性能曲線78は、凝縮器に入る同じ温度範囲に対して、液体冷却機が冷却単位当たりに必要とするエネルギー(kW/Ton)を表している。
Claims (20)
- 圧縮機を有する冷却機を作動させる方法であって、
(凝縮器内(condenser)で冷媒(refrigerant)との熱連通(thermal communication)のための)前記凝縮器に入る液体の温度を(蒸発器(evaporator)内で冷媒との熱連通のための)前記蒸発器から出る液体の温度と比較するステップと、
少なくとも各温度範囲と呼応して前記圧縮機を連続的に作動させるステップとを含み、前記各温度範囲は、
前記蒸発器を出る液体温度が前記凝縮器に入る液体温度より所定量だけ高いこと、
前記蒸発器を出る液体温度が前記凝縮器に入る液体温度と概ね等しいこと、および、
前記蒸発器を出る液体温度が前記凝縮器に入る液体温度より所定量だけ低いことを含む方法。 - 前記圧縮機を連続的に作動させるステップは、冷却機(chiller)の冷却需要の変化に呼応して前記蒸発器を出る液体温度が変動する温度範囲を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮機が容積式(positive displacement)圧縮機である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮機が遠心(centrifugal)圧縮機である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも前記圧縮機が磁気軸受を利用する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 圧縮機モータの回転速度を制御するためのVSDを備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 閉冷媒ループを有する冷却機を作動させる方法であって、前記閉冷媒ループは、圧縮機と、凝縮器と、蒸発器とを備え、前記ループで使用する冷媒が、圧力とエンタルピーとの異なる組合せにおける前記冷媒の異なる相(蒸気、液体および蒸気、並びに液体)を表す圧力−エンタルピー曲線を画定し、前記ループの作動の間、前記ループは前記冷媒の前記圧力−エンタルピー曲線を基準として前記冷媒のプロセスサイクル(圧縮、凝縮、膨張、および蒸発)を画定する方法において、
前記プロセスサイクルの一部が液相にある前記冷媒に対応する場合に、前記圧縮機を連続的に作動させるステップを含む、方法。 - 前記プロセスサイクルの間、前記プロセスサイクルの前記一部が前記冷媒の凝縮の少なくとも一部分を含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記プロセスサイクルの間、前記プロセスサイクルの前記一部が前記冷媒の蒸発の少なくとも一部分を含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記プロセスサイクルの間、前記プロセスサイクルの前記一部が前記冷媒の蒸発の少なくとも一部分を含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮機が容積式圧縮機である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮機が遠心圧縮機である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも前記圧縮機が磁気軸受を利用する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 圧縮機モータの回転速度を制御するためのVSDを備える、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮機を連続的に作動させるステップが、前記圧縮機を少なくとも最小速度で作動させることを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮機を連続的に作動させるステップが、必要とされる冷却量を提供するのに十分な少なくとも最小冷媒流量で前記圧縮機を作動させることを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 遠心圧縮機を有する冷却機を作動させる方法であって、
(凝縮器内で冷媒との熱連通のための)前記凝縮器に入る液体の温度を(蒸発器内で冷媒との熱連通のための)前記蒸発器から出る液体の温度と比較するステップと、
少なくとも各温度範囲に呼応して、圧縮機モータの回転速度を制御するためのVSDを使用して前記圧縮機を連続的に作動させるステップであって、前記圧縮機は磁気軸受を利用する、ステップとを含み、前記各温度範囲は、
前記蒸発器を出る液体温度が前記凝縮器に入る液体温度より所定量だけ高いこと、
前記蒸発器を出る液体温度が前記凝縮器に入る液体温度と概ね等しいこと、および、
前記蒸発器を出る液体温度が前記凝縮器に入る液体温度より所定量だけ低いことを含む方法。 - 前記圧縮機を連続的に作動させるステップは、冷却機の冷却需要の変化に呼応して前記蒸発器を出る液体温度が変動する温度範囲を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮機を連続的に作動させるステップが、前記圧縮機を少なくとも最小速度で作動させることを含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮機を連続的に作動させるステップが、必要とされる冷却量を提供するのに十分な少なくとも最小冷媒流量で前記圧縮機を作動させることを含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
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US201461980088P | 2014-04-16 | 2014-04-16 | |
US61/980,088 | 2014-04-16 | ||
PCT/US2015/016734 WO2015160428A1 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2015-02-20 | Method for operating a chiller |
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JP6494659B2 JP6494659B2 (ja) | 2019-04-03 |
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EP (1) | EP3132211B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6494659B2 (ja) |
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JP6494659B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-16 | 2019-04-03 | ジョンソン コントロールズ テクノロジー カンパニーJohnson Controls Technology Company | 冷却機を作動させる方法 |
US11280524B2 (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2022-03-22 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Systems for a chiller electrical enclosure |
EP3584515B1 (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2023-08-23 | Weiss Technik GmbH | Test chamber and method |
US10697674B2 (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-06-30 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Bypass line for refrigerant |
CN109734117A (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-05-10 | 聊城市鲁西化工工程设计有限责任公司 | 一种含有机物的废氯化钙溶液循环再利用的工艺 |
EP4012292A4 (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2022-08-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | REFRIGERATION UNIT AND AIR CONDITIONING |
US11009249B2 (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-05-18 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Peak demand response operation with improved sensible capacity |
US11800692B2 (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2023-10-24 | Nooter/Eriksen, Inc. | System and method for data center cooling with carbon dioxide |
Citations (15)
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CN106461278A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
US10451326B2 (en) | 2019-10-22 |
TW201544775A (zh) | 2015-12-01 |
KR20160138567A (ko) | 2016-12-05 |
JP6494659B2 (ja) | 2019-04-03 |
CN111503910A (zh) | 2020-08-07 |
US20200041183A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
US20170038110A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 |
US10883749B2 (en) | 2021-01-05 |
KR101995219B1 (ko) | 2019-07-02 |
EP3132211B1 (en) | 2023-12-27 |
TWI720941B (zh) | 2021-03-11 |
EP3132211A1 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
US20210123648A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
CN111503910B (zh) | 2023-05-05 |
CN106461278B (zh) | 2020-03-06 |
WO2015160428A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
US11441828B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 |
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