JP2017501725A - FcRnアンタゴニスト及び使用方法 - Google Patents
FcRnアンタゴニスト及び使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017501725A JP2017501725A JP2016542697A JP2016542697A JP2017501725A JP 2017501725 A JP2017501725 A JP 2017501725A JP 2016542697 A JP2016542697 A JP 2016542697A JP 2016542697 A JP2016542697 A JP 2016542697A JP 2017501725 A JP2017501725 A JP 2017501725A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、その全体が引用により本明細書に組み込まれている、2013年12月24日に出願された米国仮出願第61/920,547号に対する優先権を主張する。
免疫グロブリンγ(IgG)抗体は、自己免疫性疾患、炎症性疾患、及びその病理がIgG抗体の過剰発現を特徴とする障害(例えば、高γグロブリン血症)のような、多くの障害の病理において重要な役割を果たす(例えば、Junghansの文献、Immunologic Research 16 (1):29 (1997)を参照されたい)。
本件開示は、新規FcRnアンタゴニスト組成物を提供する。これらの組成物は一般に、未改変のFc領域と比較して、増大された親和性及び低下されたpH依存性を有する、FcRnと特異的に結合するバリアントFc領域又はそのFcRn結合断片を含む。本発明は部分的に、ある単離バリアントFc領域(例えば、それぞれEU位置(EU番号)252、254、256、433、434、及び436にアミノ酸Y、T、E、K、F、及びYを含むバリアントFc領域)がインビボにおいてそのバリアントFc領域を含む全長抗体よりも効果的なFcRnアンタゴニストであるという驚くべき発見に基づいている。本件開示のFcRnアンタゴニスト組成物は、Fc含有薬(例えば、抗体及びイムノアドヘシン)の血清レベルを低下させるのに特に有用である。従って、本件開示は本明細書に開示されるFcRnアンタゴニスト組成物を用いて抗体介在性障害(例えば、自己免疫性疾患)を治療する方法も提供する。同様に提供されるのは、該FcRnアンタゴニスト組成物を製造するための、該FcRnアンタゴニスト組成物をコードする核酸、組換え発現ベクター及び宿主細胞、並びに該FcRnアンタゴニスト組成物を含む医薬組成物である。
本件開示は新規FcRnアンタゴニスト組成物を提供する。これらの組成物は一般に、未改変のFc領域と比較して、増大された親和性及び低下されたpH依存性を有する、FcRnと特異的に結合するバリアントFc領域又はそのFcRn結合断片を含む。本発明は部分的に、ある単離バリアントFc領域(例えば、それぞれEU位置252、254、256、433、434、及び436にアミノ酸Y、T、E、K、F、及びYを含むバリアントFc領域)がインビボにおいてそのバリアントFc領域を含む全長抗体よりも効果的なFcRnアンタゴニストであるという驚くべき発見に基づいている。本件開示のFcRnアンタゴニスト組成物は、Fc含有薬(例えば、抗体及びイムノアドヘシン)の血清レベルを低下させるのに特に有用である。従って、本件開示は本明細書に開示されるFcRnアンタゴニスト組成物を用いて抗体介在性障害(例えば、自己免疫性疾患)を治療する方法も提供する。同様に提供されるのは、該FcRnアンタゴニスト組成物を製造するための、該FcRnアンタゴニスト組成物をコードする核酸、組換え発現ベクター及び宿主細胞、並びに該FcRnアンタゴニスト組成物を含む医薬組成物である。
本明細書に別途定義されない限り、本発明に関して使用される科学用語及び技術用語は当業者によって通常理解されている意味を有するものとする。用語の意味及び範囲は明確であるべきであるが、万一隠れた曖昧さがある場合、本明細書に提供される定義がいかなる辞書又は外部の定義に先行して解釈される。さらに、文脈からそうでないことが要求されない限り、単数形の用語は複数物を含み、複数形の用語は単数物を含むものとする。一般に、本明細書に記載される細胞培養及び組織培養、分子生物学、免疫学、微生物学、遺伝学並びにタンパク質化学及び核酸化学並びにハイブリダイゼーションに関して使用される専門用語、及びこれらの技術は、当技術分野で周知かつ通常に使用される専門用語及び技術である。
一態様において、本発明は新規FcRnアンタゴニスト組成物を提供する。一般に、これらの組成物は未改変のFc領域と比較して、増大された親和性及び低下されたpH依存性を有する、FcRnと特異的に結合するバリアントFc領域又はそのFcRn結合断片を含む。これらのFcRnアンタゴニストはインビボでFc含有薬(例えば、抗体及びイムノアドヘシン)とFcRnの結合を阻害し、それによりFc含有薬の分解速度が高まり、かつ同時に、これらの薬剤の血清レベルが低下する。
本件開示のFcRnアンタゴニスト組成物は、Fc含有薬(例えば、抗体及びイムノアドヘシン)の血清レベルを低下させるのに特に有用である。従って、一態様において、本件開示は対象においてFcRn機能を阻害する方法を提供し、該方法は一般に、該対象に有効量の本明細書に開示されるFcRnアンタゴニスト組成物(例えば、医薬組成物)を投与することを含む。
別の態様において、本件開示は、本明細書に開示されるFcRnアンタゴニスト又はFcRnアンタゴニスト組成物及び医薬として許容し得る担体又は賦形剤を含む医薬組成物を提供する。適当な医薬担体の例は「レミントン薬科学(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences)」(E. W. Martin編)に記載されている。賦形剤の例には、デンプン、グルコース、ラクトース、スクロース、ゼラチン、麦芽、米、小麦粉、チョーク、シリカゲル、ステアリン酸ナトリウム、モノステアリン酸グリセロール、タルク、塩化ナトリウム、乾燥スキムミルク、グリセロール、プロピレン、グリコール、水、エタノールなどを挙げることができる。また、該組成物はpH緩衝試薬、及び湿潤剤又は乳化剤も含むことができる。
一態様において、本発明は、本明細書に開示されるFcRnアンタゴニストをコードするポリヌクレオチド、ベクター及び宿主細胞を提供する。また、これらのポリヌクレオチドを発現させることを含む、FcRnアンタゴニストを製造する方法も提供される。
本発明は以下の実施例によりさらに例証され、これらはさらに限定するものとして解釈されるべきではない。配列表、図面並びに本願の全体を通じて引用される全ての引用文献、特許、及び公開された特許出願の内容は、明白に引用により本明細書に組み込まれる。
トレーサ抗体の血清IgGレベルに対するヒト抗リゾチームIgG(HEL-Abdeg)及びそれぞれEU位置252、254、256、433、434、及び436にアミノ酸Y、T、E、K、F、及びYを含むヒトIgG Fc領域(Fc-Abdeg)(Fc-Abdeg;配列番号:2)の効果をカニクイザルにおいて決定した。具体的には、カニクイザルに1 mg/kgの抗マウスCD70 hIgG1トレーサ抗体(FR70-hIgG1; Oshimaらの文献、Int Immunol 10(4): 517-26 (1998))を静脈内ボーラス投与により投与した。5分後、動物に7 mg/kg Fc-Abdeg、20 mg/kg HEL-Abdeg、又はPBSのいずれかを注入した(群当たり2個体のサル)。注入を1時間以内に実施し、動物に10 ml/kgの分量を投与した。血液試料(3×150 μl)を投薬の5分前に採取し(「投薬前」)、注入の終了から5分、2時間、6時間、24時間、48時間、72時間、96時間及び120時間後に採取した。トレーサレベルをmCD70結合ELISAを実施することにより決定し、データを投薬終了時のトレーサレベルに対してプロットした(図1)。また、全カニクイザルIgGレベルも決定した(図2)。これらの実験結果はFc-Abdegが、等量のHEL-Abdegよりも効率的にトレーサ抗体を減少させたことを示している。
Fc-AbdegのhCD16aへの結合親和性を決定し、アフコシル化形態(Fc-Abdeg-POT)と比較した。同実験には、全てのFcγRに対する親和性の向上を示すFc-Abdegバリアント(「Fc-Abdeg-S239D/I332E」)を含めた。具体的には、Maxisorpプレートを100 ng/ウェルのNeutravidinビオチン結合タンパク質(ThermoScientific, 31000)でコーティングし、4℃で一晩インキュベートした。翌日、該プレートをPBS+1%カゼインにより室温で2時間ブロッキングした。続いて、ビオチン標識hCD16a(Sino Biological社, 10389-H27H1-B)の250 ng/ml溶液(PBS+0.1%カゼイン中に希釈)100 μl/ウェルを該プレートに加え、Fc-Abdeg又はFc-Abdeg-POT分子の濃度勾配(1 μM〜0.005 nM)を適用する前に室温で1時間インキュベートし、適用してからさらに1時間インキュベートした。hCD16aへの結合はHRP結合ポリクローナルヤギ抗ヒトFc抗体(Jackson ImmunoResearch社, 109-035-008)(室温で1時間インキュベート、PBS+0.1%カゼイン中に1/50,000希釈)を用いて、続いて100 μlの室温に平衡化させたTMB(SDT社試薬 #s TMB)を追加することにより検出した。プレートを10分間インキュベートし、その後100 μl 0.5 N H2SO4を加え、OD450nm測定を行った。EC50値をGraphPad Prismソフトウェアを用いて決定した。図5に記載されたこれらの実験の結果は、Fc-Abdeg分子が脱フコシル化されるとhCD16aへの親和性が>30倍上昇することを示している(Fc-Abdeg-POTについてEC50=13 nM、対しフコシル化Fc-AbdegについてEC50>0.4 μM)。予想された通り、Fc-Abdeg-S239D/I332EバリアントのhCD16aに対する結合親和性は野生型Fc-Abdeg (EC50=6 nM)と比較して高かった。
Fc-Abdeg、Fc-Abdeg-POT、Fc-Abdeg-S239D/I332E分子の治療効力を急性免疫性血小板減少症のマウスモデルにおいて試験した。具体的には、C57BL/6マウスを腹腔内注入によりIVIG (20 mg/動物)、Fc-Abdeg (1 mg/動物)、Fc-Abdeg-POT (1 mg/動物)、Fc-Abdeg-S239D/I332E (1 mg/動物)又は生理食塩水で処置した(5個体の動物/群)。処置前に、ベースラインの血小板数の測定のため血液試料を採取した。1時間後、マウスを5 μg/動物の抗マウス血小板抗体MWReg30 (Nieswandtらの文献、Blood 94:684-93 (1999))で処置した。血小板数を24時間にわたりモニタリングした。各マウスについて血小板数を最初の数に対して正規化し、血小板数を抗CD61染色を介したフローサイトメトリーを用いて決定した。図9に記載されたこれらの実験の結果は、Fc-Abdegによる前処理によりMWReg30誘発性の血小板減少症が、7倍高いモル用量のIVIGと比較して同程度の効力で低下すること、並びにさらに、180分及び1440分時点における血小板数の向上から見て取れるように、Fc-Abdeg POT及びFc-Abdeg-S239D/I332EによるFcγRの阻止はこのモデルにおいて相乗的な利益的効果を有することを示している。
Fc-Abdeg(配列番号:2を有するFcドメインを含む)を一過性形質移入によりCHO細胞(Evitria社, Switzerland)で生産した。形質移入に続き、高力価のFc-Abdegを上清中で検出した(200〜400 mg/ml)。Fc-AbdegをCHO GS-XCEED細胞株 (Lonza社, Great-Britain)に安定的に組み込んだ発現構築物から発現させた場合も、同様の良好な生産プロファイルが見られた。安定形質移入体は10 L撹拌タンク生物反応器中で、平均して3 g/L産生し、最大で6 g/LのFc-Abdegを生産するクローンがいくつか同定された。
Claims (44)
- バリアントFc領域、又はそのFcRn結合断片を含む単離FcRnアンタゴニストであって、該バリアントFc領域のFcドメインのアミノ酸配列が配列番号:1、2、又は3に記載されるアミノ酸配列からなり、かつ該FcRnアンタゴニストが抗体可変領域又はCH1ドメインを含まない、前記単離FcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 野生型IgG1 Fc領域のFcγ受容体に対する親和性と比較して、前記バリアントFc領域が該Fcγ受容体に対する増大された親和性を有する、請求項1記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- バリアントFc領域、又はそのFcRn結合断片を含む単離FcRnアンタゴニストであって、該Fc領域のFcドメインがそれぞれEU位置252、254、256、433、434、及び436にアミノ酸Y、T、E、K、F、及びYを含み、かつ野生型IgG1 Fc領域のFcγ受容体に対する親和性と比較して、該Fc領域が該Fcγ受容体に対する増大された親和性を有する、前記単離FcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 前記Fc領域がIgG Fc領域である、請求項3記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 前記Fc領域がIgG1 Fc領域である、請求項3記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 前記Fc領域がキメラFc領域である、請求項3記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 前記バリアントFc領域のFcドメインのアミノ酸配列が、配列番号:1、2、又は3に記載されるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項3記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 前記バリアントFc領域のFcドメインのアミノ酸配列が、配列番号:1、2、又は3に記載されるアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項3記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- バリアントFc領域からなり、該バリアントFc領域のFcドメインのアミノ酸配列が配列番号:1、2、又は3に記載されるアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項3記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 抗体可変領域又はCH1ドメインを含まない、請求項2〜9のいずれか1項記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 遊離システイン残基を含まない、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 前記バリアントFc領域が、CD16aに対する増大された親和性を有する、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 前記バリアントFc領域のFcドメインが、EU位置297にN-結合型グリカンを含まない、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 前記バリアントFc領域のFcドメインが、EU位置297にアフコシル化N-結合型グリカンを有するFcドメインを含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 前記バリアントFc領域のFcドメインが、該FcドメインのEU位置297にバイセクティングGlcNacを有するN-結合型グリカンを含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 前記バリアントFc領域が、半減期エクステンダーに連結されている、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 前記半減期エクステンダーがポリエチレングリコール又はヒト血清アルブミンである、請求項16記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト。
- 請求項14記載の複数のFcRnアンタゴニスト分子を含むFcRnアンタゴニスト組成物であって、該分子の少なくとも50%(任意に、少なくとも60、70、80、90、95、又は99%)がバリアントFc領域又はそのFcRn結合断片を含み、アフコシル化N-結合型グリカンを含む、前記FcRnアンタゴニスト組成物。
- 請求項15記載の複数のFcRnアンタゴニスト分子を含むFcRnアンタゴニスト組成物であって、該分子の少なくとも50%(任意に、少なくとも60、70、80、90、95、又は99%)がバリアントFc領域又はそのFcRn結合断片を含み、バイセクティングGlcNacを有するN-結合型グリカンを含む、前記FcRnアンタゴニスト組成物。
- 請求項1〜19のいずれか1項記載のFcRnアンタゴニスト又はFcRnアンタゴニスト組成物、及び医薬として許容し得る担体又は賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 対象に有効量の請求項20記載の医薬組成物を投与することを含む、該対象においてFcRnの機能を阻害する方法。
- Fc含有薬を投与された対象において該Fc含有薬の血清レベルを低下させる方法であって、対象に有効量の請求項20記載の医薬組成物を同時に又は逐次的に投与することを含む、前記方法。
- 前記Fc含有薬が抗体又はイムノアドヘシンである、請求項22記載の方法。
- 前記Fc含有薬が治療薬又は診断薬である、請求項22記載の方法。
- 前記Fc含有薬が造影剤である、請求項22記載の方法。
- 前記Fc含有薬が抗体薬物複合体である、請求項22記載の方法。
- 対象に有効量の請求項20記載の医薬組成物を投与することを含む、該対象における抗体介在性障害を治療する方法。
- 前記抗体介在性障害が自己免疫性疾患である、請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記自己免疫性疾患が同種膵島移植片拒絶反応、円形脱毛症、強直性脊椎炎、抗リン脂質症候群、自己免疫性アジソン病、アルツハイマー病、抗好中球細胞質自己抗体(ANCA)、副腎の自己免疫性疾患、自己免疫性溶血性貧血、自己免疫性肝炎、自己免疫性心筋炎、自己免疫性好中球減少症、自己免疫性卵巣炎及び精巣炎、自己免疫性血小板減少症、自己免疫性蕁麻疹、ベーチェット病、水疱性類天疱瘡、心筋症、キャッスルマン症候群、セリアックスプルー皮膚炎、慢性疲労免疫機能不全症候群、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発ニューロパチー(CIDP)、チャーグ・ストラウス症候群、瘢痕性類天疱瘡、クレスト症候群、寒冷凝集素病、クローン病、皮膚筋炎、拡張型心筋症、円盤状ループス、後天性表皮水疱症、本態性混合型クリオグロブリン血症、第VIII因子欠乏症、線維筋痛症-線維筋炎、糸球体腎炎、グレーブス病、ギラン・バレー、グッドパスチャー症候群、移植片対宿主病(GVHD)、橋本甲状腺炎、血友病A、特発性膜性ニューロパチー、特発性肺線維症、特発性血小板減少性紫斑病(ITP)、IgAニューロパチー、IgM多発ニューロパチー、免疫介在性血小板減少症、若年性関節炎、川崎病、扁平苔癬、硬化性苔癬、エリテマトーデス、メニエール病、混合性結合組織病、粘膜類天疱瘡、多発性硬化症、1型糖尿病、多巣性運動ニューロパチー(MMN)、重症筋無力症、傍腫瘍性水疱性類天疱瘡、妊娠性類天疱瘡、尋常性天疱瘡、落葉状天疱瘡、悪性貧血、結節性多発動脈炎、多発性軟骨炎、多腺性症候群、リウマチ性多発筋痛症、多発性筋炎及び皮膚筋炎、原発性無ガンマグロブリン血症、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、乾癬、乾癬性関節炎、再発性多発軟骨炎、レイノー現象、ライター症候群、関節リウマチ、サルコイドーシス、強皮症、シェーグレン症候群、実質臓器移植拒絶反応、スティフ・マン症候群、全身性エリテマトーデス、高安動脈炎、中毒性表皮壊死症(TEN)、スティーブンス・ジョンソン症候群(SJS)、側頭動脈炎/巨細胞性動脈炎、血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病、潰瘍性大腸炎、ぶどう膜炎、ヘルペス状皮膚炎脈管炎、抗好中球細胞質抗体関連脈管炎、白斑、及びウェゲナー肉芽腫症からなる群から選択される、請求項28記載の方法。
- 前記抗体介在性障害が静注用免疫グロブリン(IVIG)、血漿交換及び/又は免疫吸着を用いて治療することができる、請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記自己免疫性疾患が自己免疫性チャネル病である、請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記チャネル病が、自己免疫性辺縁系脳炎、癲癇、視神経脊髄炎、ランバート・イートン筋無力症症候群、重症筋無力症、抗N-メチル-D-アスパラギン酸(NMDA)受容体脳炎、抗α-アミノ-3-ヒドロキシ-5-メチル-4-イソオキサゾールプロピオン酸(AMPA)受容体脳炎、モルヴァン症候群、神経性筋強直症、連鎖球菌感染関連小児自己免疫性精神神経障害(PANDAS)、及びグリシン受容体抗体関連障害からなる群から選択される、請求項31記載の方法。
- 前記抗体介在性障害が高グロブリン血症である、請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記FcRnアンタゴニストが追加の治療薬とともに同時に、又は逐次的に前記対象に投与される、請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記追加の治療薬が抗炎症薬である、請求項34記載の方法。
- 前記追加の治療薬が白血球除去薬である、請求項34記載の方法。
- 前記白血球除去薬がB細胞除去薬である、請求項36記載の方法。
- 前記B細胞除去薬が抗体である、請求項37記載の方法。
- 前記抗体がCD10、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD24、CD37、CD53、CD70、CD72、CD74、CD75、CD77、CD79a、CD79b、CD80、CD81、CD82、CD83、CD84、CD85、又はCD86と特異的に結合する、請求項38記載の方法。
- 前記追加の治療薬が、リツキシマブ、ダクリズマブ、バシリキシマブ、ムロノマブ-CD3、インフリキシマブ、アダリムマブ、オマリズマブ、エファリズマブ、ナタリズマブ、トシリズマブ、エクリズマブ、ゴリムマブ、カナキヌマブ、ウステキヌマブ、ベリムマブ、又はそれらの組合せである、請求項34記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜19のいずれか1項記載のFcRnアンタゴニストをコードする、核酸分子。
- 請求項41記載の核酸分子を含む、発現ベクター。
- 請求項42記載の発現ベクターを含む、宿主細胞。
- FcRnアンタゴニストが発現するような条件で、請求項43記載の宿主細胞を培養することを含む、FcRnアンタゴニストの生産方法。
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