JP7118884B2 - Fc結合抗原の粘膜ワクチン接種によって免疫寛容を誘導するための方法及び医薬組成物 - Google Patents
Fc結合抗原の粘膜ワクチン接種によって免疫寛容を誘導するための方法及び医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、Fc結合抗原の粘膜ワクチン接種によって免疫寛容を誘導する方法及び医薬組成物に関する。
自己免疫疾患は、主な健康問題である。例えば、1型糖尿病(T1D)は、β細胞抗原(Ag)を認識する自己反応性T細胞によって媒介される自己免疫疾患であり、膵島の破壊をもたらす。T1D管理の主な問題は、その遅い診断である。かなりの割合のβ細胞が既に破壊された後、これは、典型的には、無症候性の不顕性自己免疫の可変期間を経て起こる。その結果生じるインスリン欠乏は、高血糖症及び臨床発症をもたらす。したがって、インスリン補充療法で現在行われているように、T1Dの予防及び治療は、代謝結果ではなく、基礎となる自己免疫機構をターゲティングすべきである。しかしながら、T1Dは、子供及び若年成人が主に罹患し、短期間で致死的ではないので、β細胞自己免疫を鈍らせることを目的とする免疫療法は、優れた安全性プロファイルを有しなければならない。
今回、本発明者らは、新生児マウスに直接経口投与された抗原-Fcが寛容誘導を示唆する重大なT細胞改変を誘導するという証拠を有する。したがって、本発明者らは、自己免疫疾患、アレルギー性疾患、及び外因性投与される抗原に対する免疫応答などの疾患及び症状の予防又は治療について、その適合性を検討することを提案する。
マウスPPI1-Fc及びPPI2-Fc融合タンパク質の作製
PPI1及びPPI2をコードする配列を、それぞれ膵臓cDNA及び胸腺cDNAからPCR増幅し、pCR4-TOPOプラスミド(Invitrogen)35に挿入した。適切な制限酵素で消化した後、IL-2シグナルペプチドの下流及びヒトFcγ1配列の上流において、pFUSE-hIgG1-Fc2発現ベクター(InvivoGen)に付着末端ライゲーションすることによって、PPI1/2配列をEcoRV/BglII部位に挿入した。次いで、PPI1-Fc及びPPI2-Fc配列をPCRによって再増幅し、XbaI/XhoI部位においてpFastBac1発現ベクター(Invitrogen)にライゲーションした。これらの構築物をBac-to-Bacバキュロウイルス発現系(Invitrogen)に挿入し、Hi5昆虫細胞において発現させ、セファロース結合プロテインG(GE Healthcare)によってタンパク質産物を精製した還元SDS-PAGEと、ウサギ抗インスリンポリクローナル抗体(H-86, Santa Cruz)及びマウス抗ヒトFcモノクローナルAb(Southern Biotech)を使用したウエスタンブロットとによって、タンパク質の同一性を確認した。以前に記載されているように56、Hi5昆虫細胞ペレットからPPI1及びPPI2を精製した。示されている実験において、PPI1-Fc(以下、PPI-Fcと称する)を使用した。
C56BL/6野生型及びC56BL/6 FcRn-/-マウスは、それぞれJanvier Labs及びJackson Laboratoryから入手した。G9C8 Cα-/-NODマウスは、PPIB15-23TCRについてトランスジェニックであり、以前に記載及び特性評価されている35,37。
SAIVI Rapid Antibody/Protein labeling kit (Invitrogen)を使用して、PPI-Fc及びPPIタンパク質をAlexa Fluor (AF)680とコンジュゲートした。PPI-Fc 50μg又は等モル量のPPIを1日齢の新生児マウスに強制給餌した。Fluobeamイメージングシステム(Fluoptics)を使用して、励起波長690nm及び蛍光波長>700nm、露出50~100msで、蛍光を検出した。
上記のように強制給餌した後、ELISA定量のために、示されている時点において血液を採取し、PPI-Fc及びPPIタンパク質の連続希釈によって、標準曲線を作成した。プレートコーティングH-86抗インスリンAb(Santa Cruz)を用いて、PPI-Fc及びPPIを両方とも捕捉した。西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ標識ヤギ抗ヒトFc抗体(Southern Biotech)を用いて、PPI-Fcを検出した。抗プロインスリンモノクローナルAb(KL-1;Dr. L. Harrison, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australiaによる厚意の提供)を用いて、PPIを可視化した。
処置マウスから取り出した脾細胞に対して、以下のモノクローナル抗体(monoclonal antobodies)を使用した:PE標識抗Foxp3、APC-eFluor780標識抗CD3ε(eBioscience);APC標識抗ニューロピリン-1(NRP1;R&D);Brilliant Violet (BV)605標識抗CD4及びBV711標識抗CD8a(BioLegend)。細胞をLive/Dead Red (Invitrogen)でさらに染色した。
マウスMHCクラスI重鎖H-2Kd、ヒトβ2-ミクログロブリン及びPPI B15-23ペプチド(LYLVCGERL)から構成されるモノマーを、以前に記載されているように合成し35、BV650結合ストレプトアビジン(モル:モル比4:1)と共に1時間インキュベーションした。次いで、D-ビオチン及びウシ血清アルブミンをそれぞれ25μM及び0.5%濃度で追加した。得られたマルチマー(MMr)を4℃で保存して光から保護し、同日に使用した。
全ての細胞を洗浄し、PBS1×に再懸濁してから、FACS染色のために96ウェルV底プレート(200μl/ウェル)に移した。BD CompBeads(10μl/ウェル、PBS 500μl中1滴)を各ウェルに追加してから、染色して細胞数を正規化した。2つの抗体パネルを以下のように使用した。
出生後1日目に、PPI-Fc 50μg又はコントロールタンパク質(すなわち、等モル量のFc欠損PPI又はハーセプチンIgG1)をG9Cα-/-.NODマウスに強制給餌した。糖尿病誘導のために、離乳の4日後に、4週齢のマウスをPPIB15-23ペプチド50μg及びCpG 100μgでプライミングし、続いてその15日後に、2回目の同一の免疫を行った。糖尿を試験することによって糖尿病の発症をモニタリングし、陽性の場合には血糖によって確認した。頸椎脱臼によって、糖尿病マウスを屠殺した。
経口投与したPPI-Fcの腸内輸送は、FcRn-及びFc依存的である
使用した戦略の概略図は、図1に示されている。本発明者らは、母乳IgGを新生児に生理学的に送達する腸FcRn経路を利用した。この目的のために、本発明者らは、PPI1又はPPI2タンパク質をヒトIgG1由来のCH2-CH3 FcドメインのN末端と融合して、PPI1-Fc及びPPI2-Fc融合タンパク質を得た。Fc欠損PPI1/2は腸上皮を通過することができないが、Fc部分の追加はこの輸送を促すはずである。本発明者らは、PPI1-Fc構築物(以下、PPI-Fcと称する)を使用して、この戦略を検討した。
次に、本発明者らは、PPI-Fcの胸腺送達が、免疫寛容に適合するT細胞改変を誘導したかを評価した(図5A)。PPI-Fc処置新生児では、PBS処置したものと比較して、上記生後1日目の処置後の4週齢時に得た脾細胞は、CD8+エフェクターT細胞の数の有意な減少を示した。PPI-Fc処置マウスとPBS処置マウスとの間では、総CD4+T細胞数に有意差は見られなかった。しかしながら、CD4+T細胞サブセットを分析したところ、有意差が検出された(図5B)。PBS処置マウスと比較して、PPI1-Fc処置動物は、CD4+エフェクターT細胞(Foxp3-)の数の減少及びFoxp3+調節性T細胞(Treg)の数の増加(両方とも、胸腺由来(NRP1/CD304+)及び末梢誘導性(NRP1/CD304-)である)を示した。
最後に、本発明者らは、PPI-Fcの経口ワクチン接種及び関連T細胞改変が、高齢期における糖尿病保護をもたらすかを検証した。この目的のために、PPI-Fc 50μgを1日齢の新生児G9C8マウスに経口ワクチン接種した。次いで、4週齢及び6週齢時に、それらをPPI B15-23ペプチド及びCpGで免疫して糖尿病を誘導し、前向きに追跡した。コントロールとして、等モル量のリコンビナントIgG1(すなわち、FcRn結合が保たれた無関係なタンパク質)及びPPI(すなわち、FcRn結合なしの同種抗原)を投与した。IgG1給餌マウスでは、糖尿病発症は迅速であり、プライム・ブースト免疫と同時に起こり、マウスの93%が罹患した。逆に、PPI-Fcを給餌した場合、マウスの44%のみが糖尿病を発症した(p<0.01)。予想通り、PPIは中程度の保護を与え、最終的に糖尿病を発症したマウスは72%であった。まとめると、これらの結果は、PPI-Fcの経口ワクチン接種が、Fc欠損PPIよりも効率的に糖尿病からG9C8マウスを保護することを実証している。
Claims (6)
- IgG抗体のFc及びプレプロインスリンペプチドを含むリコンビナントキメラ構築物を含む、目的の膵臓β細胞抗原に対する寛容を誘導するための、医薬組成物であって、口腔を介して送達され、及び被験体が、新生児(newborn)、新生児(neonate)、または小児である医薬組成物。
- 膵臓β細胞抗原が、自己抗原であるか、膵臓β細胞抗原が、アレルゲンであるか、又は膵臓β細胞抗原が、治療目的で外因的に投与される分子である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 被験体が、1型糖尿病を発症しやすいか、若しくは発症しやすいと考えられる、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 被験体が、治療目的又は他の目的で外因性投与される分子に対する免疫応答を発症しやすいか、若しくは発症しやすいと考えられるか、又は既に発症したか、若しくは発症している、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- IgG抗体が、IgG1又はIgG4抗体である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- リコンビナントキメラ構築物を、該構築物を発現するリコンビナント細菌によって被験体に投与する、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
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