JP2017500283A - Pten阻害剤からなる損傷神経の治療剤 - Google Patents
Pten阻害剤からなる損傷神経の治療剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017500283A JP2017500283A JP2016528048A JP2016528048A JP2017500283A JP 2017500283 A JP2017500283 A JP 2017500283A JP 2016528048 A JP2016528048 A JP 2016528048A JP 2016528048 A JP2016528048 A JP 2016528048A JP 2017500283 A JP2017500283 A JP 2017500283A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- peptide
- pten
- tgn
- ser
- cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 41
- 229940123940 PTEN inhibitor Drugs 0.000 title description 15
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 title description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 221
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 101710173511 Tensin homolog Proteins 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 73
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 71
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 102000000470 PDZ domains Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- 108050008994 PDZ domains Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- BZQFBWGGLXLEPQ-REOHCLBHSA-N phosphoserine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)COP(O)(O)=O BZQFBWGGLXLEPQ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 208000028389 Nerve injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008764 nerve damage Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XUHRVZXFBWDCFB-QRTDKPMLSA-N (3R)-4-[[(3S,6S,9S,12R,15S,18R,21R,24R,27R,28R)-12-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-6-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-3-(2-carboxyethyl)-18-(hydroxymethyl)-28-methyl-9,15,21,24-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-nonaoxo-1-oxa-4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25-octazacyclooctacos-27-yl]amino]-3-[[(2R)-2-[[(3S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC[C@H](O)CC(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)OC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC1=O)[C@@H](C)CC XUHRVZXFBWDCFB-QRTDKPMLSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100024547 Tensin-1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010088950 Tensins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000007079 Peptide Fragments Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010033276 Peptide Fragments Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101710132081 Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100032543 Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 75
- 102100033504 Thyroglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 43
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 38
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 38
- 210000002241 neurite Anatomy 0.000 description 34
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 102000014160 PTEN Phosphohydrolase Human genes 0.000 description 25
- 108010011536 PTEN Phosphohydrolase Proteins 0.000 description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 19
- 108091007960 PI3Ks Proteins 0.000 description 18
- 102000003993 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases Human genes 0.000 description 18
- 108090000430 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases Proteins 0.000 description 18
- 125000003607 serino group Chemical group [H]N([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)[*])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 18
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 17
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 210000003050 axon Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 15
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 14
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 14
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 14
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 210000001428 peripheral nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 210000000225 synapse Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002858 neurotransmitter agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 102100023995 Beta-nerve growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108010025020 Nerve Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 230000003376 axonal effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- 108050009459 C2 domains Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102000002110 C2 domains Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 8
- KYRVNWMVYQXFEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nocodazole Chemical compound C1=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CS1 KYRVNWMVYQXFEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000004498 neuroglial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000014511 neuron projection development Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229950006344 nocodazole Drugs 0.000 description 8
- SNKAWJBJQDLSFF-NVKMUCNASA-N 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC SNKAWJBJQDLSFF-NVKMUCNASA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000007730 Akt signaling Effects 0.000 description 7
- OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylcholine Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960004373 acetylcholine Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 101001087045 Homo sapiens Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000004243 Tubulin Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000704 Tubulin Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 210000004720 cerebrum Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 102000045726 human PTEN Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000003007 myelin sheath Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000000508 neurotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000002889 sympathetic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 6
- WTBFLCSPLLEDEM-JIDRGYQWSA-N 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC WTBFLCSPLLEDEM-JIDRGYQWSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102000029749 Microtubule Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108091022875 Microtubule Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000000133 brain stem Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000003792 cranial nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012737 fresh medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940107698 malachite green Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 210000004688 microtubule Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000001242 postsynaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000001103 thalamus Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 125000000341 threoninyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102100023085 Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR Human genes 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 108010065917 TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000010166 immunofluorescence Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 4
- FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M malachite green Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C1 FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000324 neuroprotective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000028591 pheochromocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000946 synaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 4
- SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N (-)-norepinephrine Chemical compound NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108091028026 C-DNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012097 Lipofectamine 2000 Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010083674 Myelin Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000006386 Myelin Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001130 astrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013592 cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001638 cerebellum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000003710 cerebral cortex Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000001175 cerebrospinal fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000030609 dephosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006209 dephosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000003016 hypothalamus Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 210000005012 myelin Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000012106 negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000944 nerve tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229960002748 norepinephrine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N norepinephrine Natural products NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003905 phosphatidylinositols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001044 sensory neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000020431 spinal cord injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MPLHNVLQVRSVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N texas red Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=CC=C1C(C1=CC=2CCCN3CCCC(C=23)=C1O1)=C2C1=C(CCC1)C3=[N+]1CCCC3=C2 MPLHNVLQVRSVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4',6-Diamino-2-phenylindol Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C2N1 FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100022900 Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001269524 Dura Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010037362 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000010834 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101001125327 Homo sapiens Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000232 Lipid Bilayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001092142 Molina Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 2
- 102100029447 Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000907663 Siproeta stelenes Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000003443 Unconsciousness Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003070 absorption delaying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036982 action potential Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- KBZOIRJILGZLEJ-LGYYRGKSSA-N argipressin Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N1)=O)N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KBZOIRJILGZLEJ-LGYYRGKSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000074 biopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000024245 cell differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MUCZHBLJLSDCSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropyl fluorophosphate Chemical compound CC(C)OP(F)(=O)OC(C)C MUCZHBLJLSDCSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 210000003981 ectoderm Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002532 enzyme inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002744 extracellular matrix Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001153 interneuron Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007951 isotonicity adjuster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000274 microglia Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002161 motor neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004248 oligodendroglia Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001734 parasympathetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000578 peripheral nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001539 phagocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003518 presynaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000005215 presynaptic neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004129 prosencephalon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000017854 proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003994 retinal ganglion cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004116 schwann cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019615 sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008786 sensory perception of smell Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940076279 serotonin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001032 spinal nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001170 unmyelinated nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNWINRVXAYPOMW-FCNJXWMTSA-N 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-biphosphate Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(=O)O[C@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COP(O)(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H]1O CNWINRVXAYPOMW-FCNJXWMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXAVXPMQTGXXJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoacetic acid;2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound NCC(O)=O.OCC(N)(CO)CO AXAVXPMQTGXXJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010023155 2.5S nerve growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100033639 Acetylcholinesterase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010022752 Acetylcholinesterase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000012099 Alexa Fluor family Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000005724 C-terminal phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000052052 Casein Kinase II Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010010919 Casein Kinase II Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009025 Endorphins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010049140 Endorphins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000001624 Espostoa lanata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009161 Espostoa lanata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002527 Glycogen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101000600756 Homo sapiens 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000749897 Homo sapiens Complement component C8 gamma chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000713575 Homo sapiens Tubulin beta-3 chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001117146 Homo sapiens [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 1, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004895 Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001030 Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000246386 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238367 Mya arenaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006181 N-acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010056677 Nerve degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012124 Opti-MEM Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000030768 Optic nerve injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102400000050 Oxytocin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101800000989 Oxytocin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxytocin Natural products N1C(=O)C(N)CSSCC(C(=O)N2C(CCC2)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150073900 PTEN gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000590428 Panacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710126321 Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940122907 Phosphatase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241001425800 Pipa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100033810 RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- PLXBWHJQWKZRKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Resazurin Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)C=C2OC3=CC(O)=CC=C3[N+]([O-])=C21 PLXBWHJQWKZRKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006191 S-acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010039424 Salivary hypersecretion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002847 Surgical Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100036790 Tubulin beta-3 chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000001742 Tumor Suppressor Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010040002 Tumor Suppressor Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GXBMIBRIOWHPDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vasopressin Natural products N1C(=O)C(CC=2C=C(O)C=CC=2)NC(=O)C(N)CSSCC(C(=O)N2C(CCC2)C(=O)NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 GXBMIBRIOWHPDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010004977 Vasopressins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002852 Vasopressins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100024148 [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 1, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001919 adrenal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001943 adrenal medulla Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003766 afferent neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010441 alabaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003281 allosteric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000030113 alpha-tubulin acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000576 arachnoid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000637 arginyl group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012131 assay buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003149 assay kit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003403 autonomic nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000028600 axonogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004227 basal ganglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001052 bipolar neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006189 buccal tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003943 catecholamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000001159 caudate nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003855 cell nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002659 cell therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033077 cellular process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004289 cerebral ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091008690 chemoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007958 cherry flavor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004926 chlorobutanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003930 cognitive ability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000039 congener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001054 cortical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003412 degenerative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003405 delayed action preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004443 dendritic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005016 dendritic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- UGMCXQCYOVCMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K dihydroxy(stearato)aluminium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Al](O)O UGMCXQCYOVCMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLPJGDQJLTYWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1h-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-amine Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C2NC(N(C)C)=NC2=C1Br SLPJGDQJLTYWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003828 downregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001951 dura mater Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000268 efferent neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008451 emotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012202 endocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007515 enzymatic degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125532 enzyme inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011536 extraction buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005051 fluostigmine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001652 frontal lobe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003976 gap junction Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002518 glial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004956 glycerylphosphorylcholine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940096919 glycogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001320 hippocampus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000044017 human C8G Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002267 hypothalamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010185 immunofluorescence analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940072221 immunoglobulins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012744 immunostaining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007972 injectable composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000030214 innervation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004692 intercellular junction Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004347 intestinal mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000185 intracerebroventricular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007914 intraventricular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011813 knockout mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000010291 membrane polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002418 meninge Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003923 mental ability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001259 mesencephalon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008880 microtubule cytoskeleton organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027939 micturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108091005601 modified peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001616 monocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000337 motor cortex Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002200 mouth mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007830 nerve conduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940053128 nerve growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003061 neural cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000933 neural crest Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001020 neural plate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000276 neural tube Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000955 neuroendocrine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004412 neuroendocrine cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000715 neuromuscular junction Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003955 neuronal function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004112 neuroprotection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003458 notochord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000869 occipital lobe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920002113 octoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001706 olfactory mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006186 oral dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007968 orange flavor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003463 organelle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 1
- XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-DSZYJQQASA-N oxytocin Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](N)C(=O)N1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-DSZYJQQASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001723 oxytocin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008058 pain sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001152 parietal lobe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006320 pegylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003285 pharmacodynamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009894 physiological stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003446 pia mater Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001883 posterior pituitary gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000063 presynaptic terminal Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000272 proprioceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009023 proprioceptive sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009979 protective mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022558 protein metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009822 protein phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001243 protein synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001510 pseudounipolar neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ZAHRKKWIAAJSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rapamycin Natural products COCC(O)C(=C/C(C)C(=O)CC(OC(=O)C1CCCCN1C(=O)C(=O)C2(O)OC(CC(OC)C(=CC=CC=CC(C)CC(C)C(=O)C)C)CCC2C)C(C)CC3CCC(O)C(C3)OC)C ZAHRKKWIAAJSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010837 receptor-mediated endocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000463 red nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029865 regulation of blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000026451 salivation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002265 sensory receptor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108091008691 sensory receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000027509 sensory receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000260 silastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N sirolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@](O)(O2)[C@H](C)CC[C@H]2C[C@H](OC)/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)/C(C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1 QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002930 sirolimus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002460 smooth muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003594 spinal ganglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012192 staining solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002330 subarachnoid space Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003523 substantia nigra Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000106 sweat gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001779 taste bud Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003478 temporal lobe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000542 thalamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004906 thiomersal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000115 thoracic cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012096 transfection reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018405 transmission of nerve impulse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005760 tumorsuppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002100 tumorsuppressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001493 tyrosinyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003827 upregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002987 valine group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])(C(*)=O)C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001457 vasomotor Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003726 vasopressin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021542 voluntary musculoskeletal movement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004885 white matter Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000009637 wintergreen oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4702—Regulators; Modulating activity
- C07K14/4703—Inhibitors; Suppressors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0618—Cells of the nervous system
- C12N5/0619—Neurons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/16—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
- C12Q1/42—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase involving phosphatase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y301/00—Hydrolases acting on ester bonds (3.1)
- C12Y301/03—Phosphoric monoester hydrolases (3.1.3)
- C12Y301/03067—Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase (3.1.3.67)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
- G01N33/5058—Neurological cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/10—Growth factors
- C12N2501/13—Nerve growth factor [NGF]; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]; Cilliary neurotrophic factor [CNTF]; Glial-derived neurotrophic factor [GDNF]; Neurotrophins [NT]; Neuregulins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/998—Proteins not provided for elsewhere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2510/00—Genetically modified cells
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明のペプチドは、PTEN阻害剤として、ここに「TGNペプチド」とも呼ばれ、テンプレートとしてPTENのC-末端領域(アミノ酸残基352 〜 403)を使用して設計された。
VTPDVpSDNEPDHYRYpSDTTDpSDPE(配列番号3)(pS =燐酸化セリン)
をもつ24アミノ酸である。PTDがN-末端で付着される場合、
RRRRRRRR-VTPDVpSDNEPDHYRYpSDTTDpSDPE−アミド(配列番号4)
は32アミノ酸残基を持つ。
をもつ28アミノ酸である。 PTDがN-末端で付着される場合、
RRRRRRRR-HYRYpSDTTDpSDPENEPFDEDQHTQITKV−アミド(配列番号6)
は36アミノ酸残基を持つ。
に置換された。PTDがN-末端で付着される場合、
RRRRRRRR-HYRYVDTTDVDPENEPFDEDQHTQITKV−アミド(配列番号8)
である。
SDDEYTDNPDSRYVSDTPVDTEH(配列番号9)
のスクランブルペプチドとして設計された。PTDがN-末端で付着される場合、
RRRRRRRR-SDDEYTDNPDSRYVSDTPVDTEHアミド(配列番号10)
である。また、TGN-5ペプチドは、TGN-2/TGN-3スクランブルペプチド
DEHDTEYTPDYRQETHFNSQPTDKSDVI(配列番号11)
のために設計された。PTDがN-末端(RRRRRRRR)に付着される場合
DEHDTEYTPDYRQETHFNSQPTDKSDVIアミド(配列番号12)
である。
ポリペプチドによる治療は、短い循環半減期及び蛋白質分解及び低い可溶性の問題をもつ。発明性のあるバイオ薬剤の薬物動態学と薬力学の特性を改善するために、アミノ酸配列の操作のような方法は、免疫原性を減少させるか増加させ、かつ蛋白質分解を減少させるように作られうる;免疫グロブリン及びアルブミンのような血清蛋白質との該ペプチドの融合あるいは結合がなされうる;保護及び徐放リリース用の発明性のあるペプチド及び抗体のようなバイオ薬剤のドラッグ・デリバリー担体に組み込まれてもよい;また、天然若しくは合成ポリマーへの結合も考慮されうる。特に、合成ポリマー結合体、PEG化あるいは N-アシル化のようなアシル化、S‐アシル化、アミド化及びその他などが考慮されうる。
神経組織は、脊索の影響下で、胚の外胚葉に由来する。外胚葉はその後、分化する厚くなった神経板を形成するように誘導され、また、端部は中枢神経系のすべてが由来する神経管を形成するために結局融合する。中枢神経系は、脳、脳神経及び脊髄から成る。末梢神経系は、神経冠と呼ばれる神経溝の隣の細胞に由来する。
中枢神経系(CNS)は、脳と脊髄から成る。髄膜(硬膜、クモ膜及び軟膜)は、頭蓋骨及び椎骨による保護に加えて、CNSを保護し、栄養をあたえる。脳脊髄液は、クモ膜下腔、脊柱及び脳の心室の中心管に見られる。軟膜は、最も内側の層で、神経組織に付着する。軟膜と硬膜の間に、クモ形類の層が存在する。タフな繊維の硬膜が、ちょうど頭脳の下に存在する。
末梢神経系は、神経、神経中枢、脳の外側に位置した脊柱及び脳神経、及び脊髄を含んでいる。12の脳神経は、脳幹にある核から発生し、匂い、視覚、唾液分泌、心拍数及び皮膚感覚のような様々な自律機能をコントロールするインパルスを担持し、特定位置に移動する。脳神経は、それらが感覚・運動のコンポーネントを担持するという点でしばしば混合されるが、しかし、それらは、単に運動又は感覚線維のみを持ちうる。次の表に、脳神経とそれらの機能をリストする。
1つの態様において、本発明は、神経変性によって特徴づけられる様々な疾病の治療に関する。この態様で、発明性のある治療化合物は、ニューロンの変性を阻害する化合物の提供により、該疾病に苦しむ若しくは苦しみがちのヒト患者に投与されうる。特に、該疾病は、脳の神経変性疾患、特に海馬及び大脳皮質における神経細胞の損失、縮小された神経伝達物質、脳血管性の変性、背骨中の砕かれた神経及び/又は認識能の損失に関係している。
様々なデリバリシステムは知られており、本発明の化合物を投与するために使用することができる、例えば、リポソーム中へのカプセル化、微粒子、マイクロカプセル、化合物を発現することができる組み換えの細胞、受容体を媒介としたエンドサイトーシス、レトロウイルスか他のベクターなどの一部としての核酸組成物等。導入の方法は、以下を含み、制限されない、例えば、皮内、筋肉内、腹腔内、静脈内、皮下、鼻腔内、硬膜外、また経口ルート等。化合物若しくは組成物は、何らかの都合のよいルートによって投与でき、例えば、注入若しくはボラス投与によって、上皮若しくは粘膜の裏を通じた吸収によって(例えば口腔粘膜、直腸及び腸粘膜など)可能であり、そして、他の生物学的活性剤と共に投与されうる。投与は全身的でもあるいは局所的でもよい。さらに、脳室内・鞘内への注入を含む任意の適切なルートによって中枢神経系へ、本発明の製薬化合物あるいは組成物を導入することが望ましいかもしれない;脳室内注射は、タンク、例えばオンマイヤレザバイアー、に付けられた、脳室内カテーテルによって促進されうる。 経肺投与も使用することができる、例えば吸入器若しくはネビュライザーの使用によって、及びアエロゾル化製剤との剤型化のよって使用できる。
実施例1.1
ラット副腎骨髄性PC12クロム親和性細胞腫ニューロン細胞は、ATCC(Manassaa, VA)から購入した。ダルベッコの修飾イーグル培地(DMEM)、ウシ胎仔血清(FBS)及びウマ血清を含む細胞培養材料は、Mediatech社(Manassaa, VA)から購入した。2.5 S神経成長因子は、BD Biosciences社(Bedford, MA 01730)から購入した。ニューロンのクラスIII ベータ−チューブリンに対するTUJ-1単クローンウサギ抗体は、Covance社(Gaithersburg, MD)から購入した。アセチル化アルファ−チューブリンに対する単クローンマウス抗体はSant Cruz Biotech社(Sanat Cruz, CA)から購入した。ヤギ血清、テキサスレッド登録商標ヤギ抗ウサギIgG抗体、アレクサ・フルーアー登録商標488ヤギ抗マウスIgG抗体、4',6-ジアミジノ-2-フェニルインドール、Dilactate(DAPI)及びAlamarBlue登録商標は、Molecular Probes-Invitrogen(Eugene、OR))から購入した。Nocodazoleは、シグマ・オールドリッチ(St.Louis, MO)から購入した。神経突起伸出分析キットは、ミリポア(Billerica、MA)から購入した。全ての脂質は、Avanti Polar Lipid社(Alabaster、Al35007)から購入した。組み換えヒトPTENタンパク質及びマラカイトグリーン・リン酸塩検出キットは、R&D Systems社(MIneneapolis、MN554313)から購入した。ヒトPTEN c-DNAは、OriGene社(Rockville、MD20850)から購入した。LipofectamineTM2000トランスフェクション試薬は、InvitrogenTMから購入した。トリス−グリシン勾配ミニ・ゲル(10〜20%)は、NovexTMから購入した。全ての抗体は、Santa Cruz Biotechology社(Santa Cruz、CA95060)から購入した。他のすべての材料は、Fisher Scientific社から購入した。
潜在的なPTEN阻害剤としてのTGNペプチドは、テンプレートとしてPTENのC-末端領域(AA352 〜 403)を使用して設計された。全てのTGNペプチドは、膜透過性を増加させるためにそれらのN-末端部にPTD(ペプチド・トランスファードメイン)配列(RRRRRRRR)を含んでいる。TGN-1ペプチドは、3つの燐酸化されたセリン残基を持つ32アミノ酸である〔MW = 4244.18 Da、配列: RRRRRRRR-VTPDVpSDNEPDHYRYpSDTTDpSDPE‐アミド(配列番号4)、pS =燐酸化されたセリン〕。TGN-2ペプチドは、2つの燐酸化されたセリン残基をもつ36アミノ酸である〔MW = 4776.28 Da、配列: HYRYpSDTTDpSDPENEPFDEDQHTQITKV‐アミド(配列番号6)、pS =燐酸化されたセリン〕。TGN-3ペプチドは、TGN-2ペプチドと同じアミノ酸配列をしているが、残基は修飾されておらず、また、2つのセリン残基が、バリンに置換されている〔MW = 4640.99 Da、配列: RRRRRRRR-HYRYVDTTDVDPENEPFDEDQHTQITKV‐アミド(配列番号8) 〕。TGN-4ペプチドは、TGN-1ペプチドのスクランブルペプチドとして設計され〔MW = 4004.19 Da、配列: RRRRRRRR-SDDEYTDNPDSRYVSDTPVDTEH‐アミド(配列番号10) 〕及びTGN-5ペプチドは、TGN-2/TGN-3のスクランブルペプチドとして設計された〔MW = 4616.88 Da、配列: RRRRRRRR-DEHDTEYTPDYRQETHFNSQPTDKSDVI‐アミド(配列番号12) 〕。全てのペプチドは、21st Century Biochemicals社(Marlboro、MA01752 )によって合成された。 純度は、>95%であり、HPLCによって確認された。
インビトロPTEN活性分析は、ホスファチジルイノシトール三燐酸塩(PIP3)をホスファチジルイノシトール・ピロ燐酸塩(PIP2)に変換し、かつリン酸塩イオン(Pi)を生産するPTEN脂質ホスファターゼ活性をチェックするために設計した。1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate(C8-PIP3)は、PTEN基質として使用され、脂質ホスファターゼとしてのPTENが界面酵素であるので、他のリン脂質で脂質小胞(リポソーム)として調製された。リポソーム調製のために、C8-PIP3、DOPS(1,2-dioeloyl-sn-glycero-phosphoserine)及びDOPC(1,2-dioeloyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine)が、0.1 mM C8-PIP3、0.25mM DOPS及び0.25mM DOPCの終濃度に、リポソーム・バッファー(50 mMトリス、100mM NaCl、10mM MgCl2、5mM DTT、pH = 8.0)と混合された。その後、脂質混合物は、リポソームを調製するために30分4℃で超音波処理された。超音波処理の後、リポソーム溶液は、残存脂質を除去するために簡潔に遠心分離機にかけられた。
IC50値は、TGN-1及びTGN-2ペプチドの異なる濃度で、PTEN活性分析をインビトロで行なうことにより測定された。IC50分析用のTGN-1あるいはTGN-2ペプチドの濃度範囲は、それぞれ、0.1、1、10、30、60と100μM及び0.05、0.1、0.5、1、5、10と100μMだった。全てのデータは実験を3回繰り返して表わし、また、IC50値は、プリズム5ソフトウェア(GraphPadソフトウェア)によって計算された。
PC12ラット・クロム親和性細胞腫細胞が、6ウェルプレートに植え付け(0.6x106細胞/ウェル)され、7.5%FBS及び7.5%ヤギ血清を含むDMEM培地で培養された。細胞培養密度が、約60 〜70%に達した後、NGF(神経成長因子、50ng/mL)が、分化のためにPC12細胞に加えられ、さらに5日間インキュベートされた。その後、DMSO溶液に異なる量のTGNペプチドを含んでいる新鮮培地が、各ウェルに加えられ、24時間さらにインキュベートされた。PTEN 高発現のために、PC12細胞が、6-ウェルプレートに植え付け(1.0x106細胞/ウェル)され、上記のようにNGF(50ng/mL)で分化された。DNA-Lipofectamine 2000混合物は、Opti-MEMの500μlへのヒトPTEN c-DNAの約2〜2.5μgを最初に加えることにより、トランスフェクトされる細胞の各々ウェルのために調製された。Lipofectamine 2000TM試薬の3.75-8.75μlが、上記の希釈DNA溶液に続いて加えられ、優しく混合され、そして、室温で25分間インキュベートされた。 6ウェルプレート中のPC12細胞の成長用培地は、新鮮培地で交換され、また、DNA-Lipofectamine 2000混合物の500μlが、トランスフェクションのために各ウェルに加えられた。トランスフェクトされた細胞は、遺伝子組み換え発現のために分析する前に、24-48時間のポストトランスフェクション用の5.0% CO2インキュベーターによって37℃で培養された。
ラット副腎髄質PC12ラット・クロム親和性細胞腫ニューロン細胞が、5%CO2インキュベーターにおいて37℃で維持されたT-75cm2フラスコ中で、7.5%ウシ胎仔血清(FBS)、7.5%ウマ血清(ES)及び0.5%ペニシリン・ストレプトマイシンを補充された。細胞は、フラスコから、優しく機械的に分離し、50%集密で分けられ、分離比率1:7で増殖された。
培養後に、PC12細胞は6-ウェルプレートから集められ、細胞ペレットを作るため、ベンチトップ遠心分離機で、遠心分離した(RT で13,000rpm、5min)。上澄みは廃棄され、また、細胞ペレットは、1x PIPA緩衝液(Invitrogen)の3〜500μLで再懸濁された。再懸濁された細胞は、液体窒素及び37℃ウォーターバス(3-4回)を使用して、凍結・融解サイクルで溶解され、その後、27G針の注射器を使用して、再懸濁細胞の繰り返し噴霧を続けた。溶解された細胞は、4℃で、20分10,000gで遠心分離機にかけられ、そして、上澄みが集められ、BCAタンパク濃度キット(Thermo Scientific)を使用して、総タンパク濃度が分析された。
全神経突起の定量化のために、分光測定器をもつ神経突起伸出分析キット(ミリポア)を使用した。ミリセル(Millicell)挿入物((EMD Millipore, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA)の下側が、37℃で2時間、新鮮な細胞外マトリックス(ECM)タンパク質(10μg/mLコラーゲン)でコートされた後、PC12細胞は、24ウェルプレートの各ウェル中に置かれた、挿入物毎に植え付けされた。細胞は、付着のために15分間室温で保持され、次に、合計700μl分化用培地が、1ウェルごとに加えられた(それぞれ、膜の下と上に、600μl及び100μl)。神経突起は、3日間伸出をさせ、次に、挿入物は、室温で20分間−200℃メタノールで固定され、その後、新鮮なPBSで濯いだ。次に、前記挿入物は、室温で30分間 400μl神経突起染色溶液中におかれ、そして、細胞体が湿らせた綿球によって削除された後、各挿入物は100μl神経突起染色抽出バッファー(ミリポア)上に置かれた。最後に、その溶液は96ウェルプレートへ移され、562nmの吸光度を読むことにより分光測定器で定量された。
細胞培養の後、成長用培地は除去され、また、細胞は15分間室温で10%ホルマリンによって固定された。その後、細胞はPBSの0.5Mグリシン溶液で洗われ、5% PBSヤギ血清及び0.2%トリトン-X溶液によって40℃で夜通しブロックされた。一次抗体で免疫染色するために、細胞は、安定した神経突起染色のために、アセチル化αチューブリン(1:100希釈)に対する単クローンマウス抗体で、及び全神経突起染色ために、ニューロンのクラスIIIβ-チューブリン(1:200稀釈)に対するTUJ-1単クローンウサギ抗体で、40℃で夜通し培養された。細胞が、1X PBSのバッファー(10分/洗浄)で、3回洗われ、2次抗体として、TUJ-1抗体のためにテキサスレッド商品名ヤギ抗ウサギIgG(1:200希釈)とアセチル化αチューブリン抗体のためにアレクサ・フルーオール商品名488ヤギ抗マウスIgG(1:200稀釈)が、加えられ、40℃で夜通しインキュベートされた。続いて、細胞は、1X PBSバッファー(10分/洗浄)及び1μg/ml 4',6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindoleによって三度洗浄された; Dilactate(DAPI)が、細胞核を染色するために、第2の洗浄ステップの後に加えられた。最終洗浄後に、細胞は、蛍光顕微鏡を使用して検査されるために調製された。励起と発光波長は、アレクサ・フルーオール商品名488‐IgG(グリーン)のために488nm/519nm、 テキサスレッド商品名ヤギ抗ウサギIgG(赤)のために595/615nm、DAPIのために405nm/461nmである。細胞の蛍光イメージは、異なる拡大で得られ、「ImageJ」イメージプロセシング及び分析プログラム(Wayne Rasbandによるパブリックドメイン、NIH、ベテスダ、メリーランド、USA)によって分析された。
インビボでの脂質ホスファターゼとしてのPTEN活性のブロッキングは、神経損傷の後に軸索再生に有効であると知られている(Park et. al 2008, Christie et. al 2012)。我々は、細胞膜表面上のPTEN局在化をブロックする潜在的なPTEN阻害剤を設計するために、PTEN細胞膜会合メカニズムを検討した。従来の研究 (Lee et. al 1999; Leslie et. al 2008)によって、PTENタンパク質は、2つの機能的なドメイン−ホスファターゼドメイン及びC2ドメイン−、及び、燐酸化脱燐プロセスを経てPTENタンパク質の構造変化をコントロールするための"スイッチ"として働く、C-末端領域に"リン酸化部位"を保持する(Das et. al 2003; Leslie et. al 2008)。PTENの完全な脂質ホスファターゼ活性のために、リン酸化部位での燐酸化セリン/チロシン残基の脱燐が、PTEN膜会合で、PTENコンフォメーションを変更するためにおこる。N-末端PIP2の結合モチーフ及びC-末端のPDZドメイン結合モチーフを経た付加的結合は、完全なPTEN活性に必要な適切な位置の細胞膜上にPTENタンパク質を局在化する(Walker et. al 2004; Molina et. al 2010)。かくして、我々は、PTEN膜会合を阻害することによる、潜在的なPTEN阻害剤としてのTGNペプチドを設計するためのテンプレートとして、PTEN"リン酸化部位"プラスPDZドメイン結合モチーフを使用することに決めた(図1A)。
合成されたTGNペプチドは、インビトロでのPTEN活性分析を使用して、それらのPTEN阻害効果に関してテストされた。ジ・オクタノイル・ホスファチジルイノシトール3、4、5三燐酸塩(diC8-PIP3)は、PTENの基質に選ばれ、2つの異なるリン脂質〔ジオレイルホスファチジルコリン(DOPC)及びジオレイルホスファチジルセリン (DOPS)で、脂質小胞(リポソーム)として調製された。脂質は、リポソーム・バッファーと混合され、超音波処理によってリポソームに調製された(総脂質濃度= 0.6 mM)。調製したリポソーム(diC8-PIP3の0.1 mM)は、C8-PIP3をC8-PIP2に変換し及びリン酸塩イオンを生産することで、PTEN活性の分析のために、室温で30分間、20ng組み換えヒトPTENタンパク質とインキュベートされた。PTENによって生産されたリン酸塩イオンは、マラカイトグリーン試薬キットを使用して測定された(図2A)。 各TGNペプチドの10μMが、PTEN活性に関し、その阻害効果について検査された。図2Bで見られるように、TGN-1及びTGN-2ペプチドの両方は、著しくPTEN活性をブロックした(PTEN活性は、TGN-1で54%に、TGN-2で31%に、ポジティブコントロールに比べ、減少した)。他方、TGN-1あるいはTGN-2と比較して、TGN-2ペプチドは限定された阻害を示した(86%)。さらに、TGN-4及びTGN-5 ペプチドの両方は、PTEN活性の意味ある阻害を示さず、TGN-1及びTGN-2ペプチドによるPTEN阻害が配列特異的であることを示している。インビトロで、組み換えPTENタンパク質及びdiC8-PIP3脂質分子を使用するPTEN活性分析は、単に、PTEN活性を呈さなかった(データは示されない)。
ニューロン細胞のPI3KシグナルパスウェイにおけるTGN-1ペプチドの効果は、PC12ラット・クロム親和性細胞腫細胞系で決定された。PTEN過剰発現であるいは自然な状態でのPTEN c-DNAでトランスフェクトされた、分化PC12細胞が、24時間37℃で、TGN-1ペプチド(10μM及び100μM)若しくはTGN-4ペプチド(10μM)とインキュベートされた。図3Aの図形で見られるように、TGN-1ペプチドが実際にPTEN活性をブロックし、PI3K活性におけるPTEN拮抗効果を抑制する場合、PI3KシグナルパスウェイのAktタンパク質の活性化(燐酸化)レベルが、増加する。抗フォスフォ Aktタンパク質抗体を使用するウェスタンブロット・データは、TGN-1ペプチドで処理されたPC12細胞の内生Aktタンパク質の活性化(燐酸化)レベルが、TGN-1ペプチド用量依存的に、増加したことを示した(図3B及び3C)。TGN-4ペプチドあるいはDMSOのいずれかで処理されたPC12細胞は、Aktタンパク質の活性化レベルを増加せず、これはAKTタンパク質燐酸化レベルの促進は、TGN-1ペプチドによって、特異的な引き金となことを示唆する。内生PTEN(図3B)若しくは過剰発現のPTEN(図3C)の発現レベルが、TGNペプチドあるいはDMSOによる処理での活性に差を示さないので、TGN-1ペプチドが、PI3KシグナルパスウェイでのPTENのダウンレギュレーション効果を抑制し、かつPI3K-Aktシグナルパスウェイを促進するために、特異的に、PTEN活性を阻害することは明らかである。
我々は、分化したニューロン細胞での神経突起変性に対するTGNペプチドの影響を検討した。神経突起変性は、細胞をノコダゾール(Nocodazole)と接触させることにより、細胞の神経突起微小管ダイナミクスをインターフェアーすることにより、PC12細胞で引き起こされた。分化したラットPC12細胞は、Nocodazole(0.5μM)で最初に処理され、72時間NGF(50ng/mL)及びTGNペプチド(100μM)を含む新鮮培地でインキュベートされた。2つの異なるチューブリン抗体(安定な神経突起のためにアセチル化α−チューブリン抗体 及びトータル神経突起のためにTUJ-1β‐チューブリン抗体)を使った免疫蛍光検査法は、TGN-1及びTGN-2ペプチドが、明白に、微小管安定化により、Nocodazole誘導神経突起変性を遅らせたということを示した(図4A)。我々は、さらにPC12細胞の神経突起伸出に対するTGNペプチドの効果を検討した。分化PC12細胞へのTGNペプチドの添加は、実際に、神経突起分化を促進した(TGN-1によって2.4倍増加及びTGN-2によって1.6倍増加、図4B)。TGN-1及びTGN-2ペプチドは、成熟した神経突起を変性から保護する活性と同様に神経栄養効果も示した。
[0001]Campbell, R. B., Liu, F., and Ross, A. H. "Allosteric Activation of PTEN Phosphatase by Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate", J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, pp.33617-33620.
[0002]Christie, K.J., Webber, C.A., Martinez J.A., Singh, B. and Zochodne, D.W. "PTEN Inhibition to Facilitate Intrinsic Regenerative Outgrowth of Adult Peripheral Axons.", J. Neuro. Sci., 2010, 30(27), pp.9306-9315.
[0003]Das, S., Dixon, J.E. and Cho, W. "Membrane-binding and activation mechanism of PTEN", PNAS, 2003, 100(13), pp.7491-7496.
[0004]Di Cristofano, A. and Pandolfi, P.P. "The multiple roles of PTEN in tumor suppression", Cell, 2000, 100, (4), pp. 387-390.
[0005]Filbin, M.T. "Recapitulate development to promote axonal regeneration: good or bad approach?", Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B Biol. Sci., 2006, 361, pp.1565-1574.
[0006]Fitch, M.T., Silver, J. "CNS injury, glial scars, and inflammation: Inhibitory extracellular matrices and regeneration failure.", Exp Neurol., 2008, 209, pp.294-301.
[0007]Georgescu, M. M., Kirsch, K. H., Kaloudis, P., Yang, H., Pavletich, N. P. and Hanafusa, H. "Stabilization and productive positioning roles of the C2 domain of PTEN tumor suppressor.", Cancer Res., 2000, 60, pp.7033-7038.
[0008]Goldberg, J.L., Klassen, M.P., Hua, Y. and Barres, B.A. "Amacrine-Signaled Loss of Intrinsic Axon Growth Ability by Retinal Ganglion Cells.", Science, 2002, 296, pp.1860-1864.
[0009]Hellal, F. et al. Microtubule stabilization reduces scarring and causes axon regeneration after spinal cord injury", Science, 2011; "331, pp. 928-931.
[0010]Lee, J. O., Yang, H., Georgescu, M. M., Di Cristofano, A., Maehama, T., Shi, Y., Dixon, J. E., Pandolfi, P., and Pavletich, N. P. "Crystal Structure of the PTEN Tumor Suppressor: Implications for Its Phosphoinositide Phosphatase Activity and Membrane Association", Cell, 1999, 99, pp.323-334.
[0011]Leslie, N.R., Batty, I.H., Maccario, H., Davidson, L. and Downes, C.P. "Understanding PTEN regulation: PIP2, polarity and protein stability", Oncogene, 2008, 27, pp.5464-5476.
[0012]Liu, K. et. al. "PTEN deletion enhances the regenerative ability of adult corticospinal neurons.", Nat. Neurosci., 2010, 13, pp.1075-1081.
[0013]Miller, S. J., Lou, D. Y., Seldin, D. C., Lane, W. S., and Neel, B. G. "Direct identification of PTEN phosphorylation sites.", FEBS Lett., 2002, 528, pp.145-153.
[0014]Molina, J.R., Morales, F.C., Hayashi, Y., Aldape, K.D. and Georgescu, M-M. "Loss of PTEN Binding Adapter Protein NHERF1 from Plasma Membrane in Glioblastoma Contributes to PTEN Inactivation", Cancer Res., 2010, 70(17), pp. 6697-703.
[0015]Odriozola, L., Singh, G., Hoang, T. and Chan, A.M. "Regulation of PTEN Activity by Its Carboxyl-terminal Autoinhibitory Domain", Jol. Bio. Sci., 2007, 282(32), pp.23306-23315.
[0016]Okahara, F., Ikawa, H., Kanaho, Y., and Maehama, T. "Regulation of PTEN Phosphorylation and Stability by a Tumor Suppressor Candidate Protein", J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, pp.45300-45303.
[0017]Park, K.K., et al. "Promoting axon regeneration in the adult CNS by modulation of the PTEN/mTOR pathway.", Science, 2008, 322, pp.963-966.
[0018]Rahdar, M., Inoue, T., Meyer, T., Zhang, J., Vazquez, F. and Devreotesa, P.N. "A phosphorylation dependent intramolecular interaction regulates the membrane association and activity of the tumor suppressor PTEN", PNAS, 2009, 106(2), pp.480-485.
[0019]Saijilafu, Hur EM, Liu CM, Jiao Z, Xu WN, Zhou FQ. PI3K-GSK3 signaling regulates mammalian axon regeneration by inducing the expression of Smad1. Nature Communication. 2013;4:2690.
[0020]Schwab, M.E. and Bartholdi, D. , "Degeneration and regeneration of axons in the lesioned spinal cord.", Physiol. Rev. 1996, 76, pp.319-370.
[0021]Sengottuvel V, Fischer D. Facilitating axon regeneration in the injured CNS by microtubules stabilization. Commun Integr Biol. 2011;4:391-3.
[0022]Stambolic, V., Suzuki, A., De la Pompa, J.L. et al. "Negative regulation of PKB/Akt-dependent cell survival by the tumor suppressor PTEN.", Cell, 1998, 95(1), pp. 29-39.
[0023]Sun, F., Park, K.K., et al. "Sustained axon regeneration induced by co-deletion of PTEN and SOCS3", Nature, 2012, 480(7377), pp.372-375.
[0024]Takahashi, Y., Morales, F.C., Kreimann, E.L. and Georgescu, G.M. "PTEN tumor suppressor associates with NHERF proteins to attenuate PDGF receptor signaling", EMBO J., 2006, 25, pp.910-920.
[0025]Takemura R, Okabe S, Umeyama T, Kanai Y, Cowan NJ, Hirokawa N. Increased microtubule stability and alpha tubulin acetylation in cells transfected with microtubule-associated proteins MAP1B, MAP2 or tau. J Cell Sci. 1992;103:953-964.
[0026]Vazquez, F., and Devreotes, P. "Regulation of PTEN function as a PIP3 gatekeeper through membrane interaction.", Cell Cycle, 2006, 5, pp.1523-1527.
[0027]Vazquez, F., Grossman, S. R., Takahashi, Y., Rokas, M. V., Nakamura, N. and Sellers, W. R. "Phosphorylation of the PTEN Tail Acts as an Inhibitory Switch by Preventing Its Recruitment into a Protein Complex", J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, pp48627-48630.
[0028]Walker, S. M., Leslie, N. R., Perera, N. M., Batty, I. H., and Downes, C. P. "The tumour-suppressor function of PTEN requires an N-terminal lipid-binding motif.", Biochem. J., 2004, 379, pp.301-307.
[0029]Witte H, Neukirchen D, Bradke F, Microtubule stabilization specifies initial neuronal polarization. J Cell Biol. 2008;180:619-632.
[0030]Yiu, G. and He, Z. "Glial inhibition of CNS axon regeneration. ", Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 2006, 7, pp.617-627.
[0031]Zhang, S. and Yu, D. "PI(3)King Apart PTEN's Role in Cancer", Clin Cancer Res, 2010, 16, pp.4325-4330.
Claims (18)
- 神経の再生又は神経損傷部位の神経変性を減ずる方法であって、損傷神経、神経再生若しくは神経変性に対し若しくはその近辺に、ホスファターゼ及びテンシン同族体(PTEN)脂質ホスファターゼ阻害ペプチドの有効量を投与することを含む、方法。
- PTENペプチド性阻害剤が、リン酸化部位のセリン若しくはスレオニンが燐酸化されるように、リン酸化部位が修飾されている修飾PTENペプチド若しくは断片である、請求項1の方法。
- 燐酸化セリン若しくはスレオニンは、位置Thr-366、Ser-370、Ser-380、Thr-382、Thr-383あるいはSer-385に位置する、請求項1の方法。
- 燐酸化セリン若しくはスレオニンは、位置Ser-370、Ser-380及び/又はSer-385に位置する、請求項1の方法。
- 燐酸化セリン若しくはスレオニンは、位置Ser-370、Ser-380及びSer-385に位置する、請求項3の方法。
- 燐酸化セリン若しくはスレオニンは、位置Ser-380及びSer-385に位置する、請求項3の方法。
- ペプチドが、リン酸化部位及び/又はPDZドメイン結合モチーフのペプチド断片である、請求項1の方法。
- ペプチドが、さらにペプチド・トランスファードメイン(PTD)を含む、請求項1の方法。
- 神経損傷が、中枢神経系である、請求項1の方法。
- ホスファターゼ及びテンシン同族体(PTEN)脂質ホスファターゼ活性を阻害するペプチド。
- ペプチドが、酸化部位のセリン若しくはスレオニンが燐酸化されるように、リン酸化部位が修飾されている修飾PTENペプチド若しくは断片である、請求項10のペプチド。
- 燐酸化セリン若しくはスレオニンは、位置Thr-366、Ser-370、Ser-380、Thr-382、Thr-383あるいはSer-385に位置する、請求項11のペプチド。
- 燐酸化セリン若しくはスレオニンは、位置Ser-370、Ser-380及び/又はSer-385に位置する、請求項12のペプチド。
- 燐酸化セリン若しくはスレオニンは、位置Ser-370、Ser-380及びSer-385に位置する、請求項13のペプチド。
- 燐酸化セリン若しくはスレオニンは、位置Ser-380及びSer-385に位置する、請求項13のペプチド。
- ペプチドが、リン酸化部位及び/又はPDZドメイン結合モチーフのペプチド断片である、請求項11のペプチド。
- ペプチドが、さらにペプチド・トランスファードメイン(PTD)を含む、請求項11のペプチド。
- 神経細胞を、ホスファターゼ及びテンシン同族体(PTEN)脂質ホスファターゼ阻害ペプチドと接触させることを含む、神経細胞の、成長、増殖若しくは細胞活性の増強方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201361899795P | 2013-11-04 | 2013-11-04 | |
US61/899,795 | 2013-11-04 | ||
PCT/US2014/063900 WO2015066701A1 (en) | 2013-11-04 | 2014-11-04 | Treatment of damaged nerve with pten inhibitor |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2017500283A true JP2017500283A (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
JP2017500283A5 JP2017500283A5 (ja) | 2017-12-14 |
JP6483115B2 JP6483115B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 |
Family
ID=53005300
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016528048A Active JP6483115B2 (ja) | 2013-11-04 | 2014-11-04 | Pten阻害剤からなる損傷神経の治療剤 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US10584153B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3066116B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6483115B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR102405411B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105873942B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2014341899B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2929483C (ja) |
SG (1) | SG11201603506PA (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015066701A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018103038A1 (zh) * | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-14 | 拜西欧斯(北京)生物技术有限公司 | 一种缀合物及其应用 |
IL314908A (en) | 2018-03-29 | 2024-10-01 | Technion Res & Dev Foundation | Bubbles containing PTEN inhibitor and their uses |
KR20200080554A (ko) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-07 | 가톨릭관동대학교산학협력단 | Ebp50을 포함하는 말초신경손상 치료용 조성물 |
JP7320399B2 (ja) | 2019-08-06 | 2023-08-03 | ジャパンマリンユナイテッド株式会社 | 構造物の接着方法及び接着構造 |
AU2021393526A1 (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2023-07-06 | Kolon Tissuegene, Inc. | Treatment of spinal cord injury with pten inhibitor |
WO2023223312A1 (en) | 2022-05-15 | 2023-11-23 | Nurexone Biologic Ltd. | Anti-pten rna interference oligonucleotides and uses thereof |
CN116769037B (zh) * | 2022-09-14 | 2024-09-10 | 嘟乐士生物制药(河北)股份有限公司 | 包含胶原蛋白的抗衰老组合物及其在早衰中的应用 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009117387A2 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-09-24 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Methods to treat neurodegenerative conditions or diseases by targeting components of a pten signaling pathway |
JP2011524347A (ja) * | 2008-06-06 | 2011-09-01 | チルドレンズ・メディカル・センター・コーポレイション | タンパク質翻訳の制御を介する成体cnsにおける軸索再生の促進 |
WO2013067125A1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-10 | Children's Medical Center Corporation | Co-activation of mtor and stat3 pathways to promote neuronal survival and regeneration |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5517078B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-09 | 2014-06-11 | 国立大学法人 宮崎大学 | Ptenのリン酸化抑制剤又は脱リン酸化剤 |
KR20100121710A (ko) * | 2009-04-30 | 2010-11-18 | 한국과학기술원 | Pten의 기능 복구 및 pten을 투여하는 단계를 포함하는 망막 변성 예방 또는 치료 방법 |
CA2777628C (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2019-12-03 | The University Of British Columbia | Inhibitors of phosphatase and tensin homolog (pten) compositions, uses and methods |
-
2014
- 2014-11-04 CN CN201480072117.9A patent/CN105873942B/zh active Active
- 2014-11-04 KR KR1020187021320A patent/KR102405411B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-11-04 KR KR1020167014896A patent/KR102086886B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-11-04 SG SG11201603506PA patent/SG11201603506PA/en unknown
- 2014-11-04 WO PCT/US2014/063900 patent/WO2015066701A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-11-04 JP JP2016528048A patent/JP6483115B2/ja active Active
- 2014-11-04 CA CA2929483A patent/CA2929483C/en active Active
- 2014-11-04 EP EP14858772.8A patent/EP3066116B1/en active Active
- 2014-11-04 AU AU2014341899A patent/AU2014341899B2/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-04-29 US US15/142,324 patent/US10584153B2/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-03-05 US US16/810,667 patent/US20200270319A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009117387A2 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-09-24 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Methods to treat neurodegenerative conditions or diseases by targeting components of a pten signaling pathway |
JP2011524347A (ja) * | 2008-06-06 | 2011-09-01 | チルドレンズ・メディカル・センター・コーポレイション | タンパク質翻訳の制御を介する成体cnsにおける軸索再生の促進 |
WO2013067125A1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-10 | Children's Medical Center Corporation | Co-activation of mtor and stat3 pathways to promote neuronal survival and regeneration |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
CHRISTIE, K.J. ET AL., J NEUROSCI, vol. 30, no. 27, JPN6018034851, 2010, pages 9306 - 15 * |
ODRIOZOLA, L. ET AL., J BIOL CHEM, vol. 282, no. 32, JPN6018034849, 2007, pages 23306 - 15 * |
PARK, K.K. ET AL., SCIENCE, vol. Vol.322, JPN6018034850, 2008, pages 963 - 6 * |
SONG, M.S. ET AL., NAT REV MOL CELL BIOL, vol. 13, no. 5, JPN6018034852, 2012, pages 283 - 96 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20160091347A (ko) | 2016-08-02 |
US20200270319A1 (en) | 2020-08-27 |
AU2014341899A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
JP6483115B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 |
CN105873942B (zh) | 2020-12-29 |
CA2929483C (en) | 2021-11-23 |
KR20180095085A (ko) | 2018-08-24 |
EP3066116A4 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
AU2014341899B2 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
KR102405411B1 (ko) | 2022-06-08 |
US20160340396A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
EP3066116A1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
EP3066116B1 (en) | 2021-12-01 |
CA2929483A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
SG11201603506PA (en) | 2016-05-30 |
CN105873942A (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
KR102086886B1 (ko) | 2020-03-10 |
US10584153B2 (en) | 2020-03-10 |
WO2015066701A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6483115B2 (ja) | Pten阻害剤からなる損傷神経の治療剤 | |
Morimoto et al. | Transcorneal electrical stimulation rescues axotomized retinal ganglion cells by activating endogenous retinal IGF-1 system | |
US8487074B2 (en) | Modulation of lipid rafts | |
NZ572256A (en) | Medical uses of antisecretory proteins for the treatment or prevention of dysfunction of lipid rafts, receptors and/or caveolae | |
Lamine-Ajili et al. | Effect of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on the autophagic activation observed in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease | |
KR20190067219A (ko) | 통증 예방, 경감 또는 치료에서의 신경 흥분성 상해 관련 폴리펩타이드의 용도 | |
US20190002517A1 (en) | Neuropeptide y-derived peptides | |
Vitar et al. | A hypothalamic-controlled neural reflex promotes corneal inflammation | |
US20240115668A1 (en) | Treatment of spinal cord injury with pten inhibitor | |
Watt | Mast cells and peptide induced histamine release | |
Mdzomba | The role of Nogo-A in the visual deficits induced by retinal injury | |
de Bellis et al. | New non-invasive way to rescue neurons in spinal cord injury via intranasal administration of nerve growth factor: Pilot Study | |
KR20210054542A (ko) | 신경 가소성을 유도하기 위한 방법 및 조성물 | |
Meabon | Function and characterization of LINGO-1 | |
Jin | Development of a small alpha-synuclein-knockdown peptide as a potential therapy for Parkinson’s disease | |
Al Saadi | The Expression Pattern of Death Associated Protein Kinase1 in Normal Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons and Following Peripheral Nerve Injury | |
Josephy | TrkA as a Pharmacological Target for Modulation of Memory Formation | |
Heskamp | Role of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in axonal regeneration of mature retinal ganglion cells | |
Roux | Signaling pathways implicated in p75 neurotrophin receptor-mediated neuronal survival and death |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20171031 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20171031 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20180913 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20181206 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20181214 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20190131 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20190213 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6483115 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |