JP2017500015A - ヒトミクロビオームおよびその成分の分析のための無細胞核酸 - Google Patents
ヒトミクロビオームおよびその成分の分析のための無細胞核酸 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、米国国立衛生研究所(National Institutes of Health)により授与された助成第RC4AI092673号に基づく米国政府の援助によりなされた。米国政府は本発明において一定の権利を有する。
本発明は個体におけるミクロビオームまたはその個々の成分の分析のための方法、装置、組成物およびキットを提供する。該方法は、感染の判定において、ミクロビオーム構造の分析において、個体の免疫能の決定などにおいて有用である。幾つかの実施形態においては、本発明は、(i)個体からの無細胞核酸、すなわちDNAおよび/またはRNAのサンプルを準備し、(ii)ハイスループット配列決定、例えば、約105〜約109個またはそれ以上のリード(read;読取り)を行い、(iii)バイオインフォマティクス分析を行って、該分析から宿主配列(すなわち、ヒト、ネコ、イヌなど)を差し引き、(iv)例えば、微生物参照配列に位置づけられる(マッピングされる)配列の被覆率(coverage)を宿主参照配列の被覆率と比較することにより、微生物配列の存在および保有を決定する工程を含む、個体における微生物の存在および保有率を決定するための方法を提供する。
以下、本発明の特に好ましい実施形態を詳細に記載する。好ましい実施形態の具体例は後記の実施例の節において例示される。
本明細書中で用いる、状態または結果の「診断」または「診断する」なる語は、状態または結果を予測または診断すること、状態または結果に対する素因を判定すること、患者の治療をモニタリングすること、患者の治療応答を診断すること、状態または結果、進行および特定の治療に対する応答の予後を含む。
本発明の方法は、個体からの無細胞核酸サンプルのハイスループット配列決定、およびそれに続く、ミクロビオーム配列の存在および保有率を決定するためのバイオインフォマティクス分析を含み、ここで、該配列は、固有生物、例えば、腸、皮膚などの正常ミクロビオームからのものであることが可能であり、あるいは非固有の、例えば、日和見、病原性などの感染からのものでありうる。分析は、完全ミクロビオームに関して、またはそれにおける成分、例えばウイローム、細菌ミクロビオーム、真菌ミクロビオーム、寄生原虫ミクロビオームなどに関して行われうる。核酸の例には、限定的なものではないが、二本鎖DNA、一本鎖DNA、一本鎖DNAヘアピン、DNA/RNAハイブリッド、RNA(例えば、mRNAまたはmiRNA)およびRNAヘアピンが含まれる。幾つかの実施形態においては、核酸はDNAである。幾つかの実施形態においては、核酸はRNAである。例えば、無細胞RNAおよびDNAはヒト血漿中に存在する。
・速い:以下と同じ:−D10−R2−N0−L22−iS,0,2.50
・高感度:以下と同じ:−D15−R2−L22−iS,1,1.15
・非常に高感度:以下と同じ:−D20−R3−N0−L20−iS,1,0.50
他のアライメントアルゴリズムまたはソフトウェアパッケージにおいては、同等な設定が用いられうる。
免疫抑制および抗ウイルス療法に対するヒトウイロームの時間的応答
ミクロビオームのウイルス成分、すなわち、ヒトウイロームは比較的に尚も研究対象となっており(Wylieら(2012)Transl Res 160,283−290)、ウイローム組成に対する免疫調節および抗ウイルス療法の効果に関してはほとんど知られていない。健常腸ウイロームは経時的に著しく安定なままであること(Reyesら(2010)Nature 466,334−338)、および食事とウイローム組成との関連性が見出されているものの、変動(ばらつき)の主要原因は被験者間の相違であること(Minotら(2011).Genome Research 21,1616−1625)が既に示されている。
臨床サンプルの収集:患者をStanford University Hospital(SUH)またはLucile Packard Children’s Hospital(LPCH)において登録し、彼らが多臓器移植のレシピエントであった場合には除外された。この研究はStanford University Institutional Review Board(プロトコール # 17666)により承認され、登録は2010年3月に開始された。患者の募集および患者の移植後治療の詳細に関しては、詳細な実験方法の節を参照されたい。
ミクロビオームの臨床モニタリング
実施例1に記載されている方法を用いて、CMVゲノムにマッピングされたリードをサンプルごとに定量した。感染に関して臨床的に陽性であったサンプルにおいて、CMV存在度の増加が観察された(p=7.10−9、マン−ホイットニーU検定、図10C)。本発明者らのサンプルにおけるCMV由来DNAのレベルは0.91のAUCのCMVの臨床報告に合致した。このデータは、同じ配列データを使用して、CMV監視が、拒絶のモニタリングと並行して行われうることを示しており、このことから本発明者らは他のウイルス感染症が同様にモニタリングされうるかどうかを調べた。
Claims (34)
- 非微生物宿主からの無細胞核酸のサンプルにおける微生物配列の存在および保有率を決定する方法であって、
(i)個体からの無細胞核酸のサンプルを準備し、
(ii)該核酸のハイスループット配列決定を行い、
(iii)バイオインフォマティクス分析を行って、分析から宿主配列を差し引き、
(iv)該非微生物宿主のミクロビオーム評価のために微生物配列の存在および保有率を決定することを含む方法。 - 複数の微生物の存在および保有率を決定する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 不偏性方法により増幅された核酸サンプルに関してハイスループット配列決定を行う、請求項1記載の方法。
- 少なくとも106個の配列読取りを行う、請求項1記載の方法。
- 工程(iv)が、微生物参照配列に位置づけられる配列の被覆率を宿主参照配列の被覆率と比較することを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 工程(iii)が、参照宿主配列を特定し、参照宿主ゲノム内に存在する微生物配列または微生物擬態配列をマスクすることを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 工程(iii)が、参照微生物配列を特定し、参照微生物ゲノム内に存在する宿主配列または宿主擬態配列をマスクすることを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 1以上の病原性微生物の存在を確認する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 2以上の時点で分析を行う、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記の1以上の微生物核酸の量が感染状態または治療結果の指標となる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 所定閾値を超える前記の1以上の核酸の量が感染状態または治療結果の指標となる、請求項10記載の方法。
- 該サンプルが、血液、血清、尿および糞便からなる群から選択される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 該核酸が、二本鎖DNA、一本鎖DNA、一本鎖DNAヘアピン、DNA/RNAハイブリッド、一本鎖RNA、二本鎖RNAおよびRNAヘアピンからなる群から選択される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 該核酸が、二本鎖DNA、一本鎖DNAおよびcDNAからなる群から選択される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 該ミクロビオームの評価を該個体に提供することを更に含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 該ミクロビオームの評価が治療に対する応答の決定をもたらす、請求項1記載の方法。
- 該ミクロビオームの評価が人間生理機能の測定をもたらす、請求項1記載の方法。
- 該ミクロビオームの評価を、該非微生物宿主に存在する微生物に関する病原性スコアを計算するために用いる、請求項1記載の方法。
- コンピュータ可読媒体であって、
(i)被験者からのサンプルにおいて検出された1以上の無細胞核酸からのハイスループットデータを受け取り、
(iii)バイオインフォマティクス分析を行って、分析から宿主配列を差し引き、
(iv)微生物配列の存在および保有率を決定する工程をコンピュータが実行するように該コンピュータ可読媒体に記録された一組の命令を含むコンピュータ可読媒体。 - 被験者からのサンプルを準備し、
該サンプルにおける1以上のミクロビオーム核酸の存在または非存在を決定し、
前記の1以上のミクロビオーム核酸の存在に基づいて免疫能を評価することを含む、個体の免疫能を評価する方法。 - 該ミクロビオームのウイローム成分を分析する、請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記の1以上のウイローム核酸の量の時間的相違が免疫能状態の指標となる、請求項21記載の方法。
- 該個体におけるウイルス負荷を定量することを含む、請求項21記載の方法。
- アネロウイルスのウイルス負荷に関してウイロームを分析する、請求項23記載の方法。
- 該個体が免疫抑制レジメンを受けている、請求項20記載の方法。
- 該個体が移植を受けている、請求項20記載の方法。
- 該移植が、骨髄移植、腎臓移植、心臓移植、肝臓移植、膵臓移植、肺移植、腸移植および皮膚移植からなる群から選択される、請求項26記載の方法。
- 該核酸が循環性無細胞DNAである、請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記の1以上の核酸の存在または非存在を、配列決定、核酸アレイまたはPCRからなる群から選択される方法により決定する、請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記の1以上の核酸の量が移植状態または結果の指標となる、請求項20記載の方法。
- 所定閾値を超える前記の1以上の核酸の量が移植状態または結果の指標となる、請求項30記載の方法。
- 該閾値が、移植拒絶または他の病状の証拠を示さない臨床的に安定な移植後患者に関する規範値である、請求項30記載の方法。
- 移植の結果または状態によって異なる所定閾値が存在する、請求項30記載の方法。
- 免疫能の評価に従い該個体を治療することを更に含む、請求項30記載の方法。
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