JP2017199669A - 発光素子、表示装置、電子機器、及び照明装置 - Google Patents
発光素子、表示装置、電子機器、及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017199669A JP2017199669A JP2017083391A JP2017083391A JP2017199669A JP 2017199669 A JP2017199669 A JP 2017199669A JP 2017083391 A JP2017083391 A JP 2017083391A JP 2017083391 A JP2017083391 A JP 2017083391A JP 2017199669 A JP2017199669 A JP 2017199669A
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- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002909 rare earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPPDXAHGCGPUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N red 2 Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=2C=3C4=CC=C5C6=CC=C7C8=C(C=9C=CC=CC=9)C9=CC=CC=C9C(C=9C=CC=CC=9)=C8C8=CC=C(C6=C87)C(C=35)=CC=2)C4=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 WPPDXAHGCGPUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003449 rhenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003450 rhodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ag] BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfadiazine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=N1 SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940066767 systemic antihistamines phenothiazine derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003518 tetracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QUBMWJKTLKIJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-B tin(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[Sn+4].[Sn+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QUBMWJKTLKIJNN-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroerbium Chemical compound F[Er](F)F QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光素子について、図1乃至図3を用いて以下説明する。
図1は、本発明の一態様の発光素子を示す断面図である。図1に示す発光素子150は、電極101と、EL層100と、電極102と、を有する。また、電極101は、導電層101aと、導電層101a上に接する導電層101bと、を有する。
次に、図1に示す発光素子の構成要素の詳細について、以下説明を行う。
電極101は、発光素子の陽極または陰極としての機能を有する。
正孔注入層111は、陽極からEL層100へ正孔を注入する層である。正孔注入層111は、有機アクセプタ材料を有すると好ましい。
正孔輸送層112は正孔輸送性材料を含む層であり、正孔注入層111の材料として例示した材料を使用することができる。正孔輸送層112は正孔注入層111から注入された正孔を発光層130へ輸送する機能を有する。
発光層130は、紫色、青色、青緑色、緑色、黄緑色、黄色、橙色、または赤色の少なくとも一つの発光を呈する機能を有する発光材料を有する。また、発光層130は、発光材料に加えて、ホスト材料として電子輸送性材料または正孔輸送性材料の一方または双方を含んで構成される。
電子輸送層118は、電子輸送性の高い物質を含む層である。電子輸送層118には、キノリン配位子、ベンゾキノリン配位子、オキサゾール配位子、あるいはチアゾール配位子を有する金属錯体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、トリアゾール誘導体、フェナントロリン誘導体、ピリジン誘導体、ビピリジン誘導体などが挙げられる。具体的には、Alq、Almq3、BeBq2、BAlq、ZnPBO、ZnBTZなどの金属錯体を用いることができる。また、2−(4−ビフェニリル)−5−(4−tert−ブチルフェニル)−1,3,4−オキサジアゾール(略称:PBD)、1,3−ビス[5−(p−tert−ブチルフェニル)−1,3,4−オキサジアゾール−2−イル]ベンゼン(略称:OXD−7)、3−(4−tert−ブチルフェニル)−4−フェニル−5−(4−ビフェニリル)−1,2,4−トリアゾール(略称:TAZ)、3−(4−tert−ブチルフェニル)−4−(4−エチルフェニル)−5−(4−ビフェニリル)−1,2,4−トリアゾール(略称:p−EtTAZ)、バソフェナントロリン(略称:BPhen)、バソキュプロイン(略称:BCP)、4,4’−ビス(5−メチルベンゾオキサゾール−2−イル)スチルベン(略称:BzOs)、などの複素芳香族化合物も用いることができる。また、ポリ(2,5−ピリジンジイル)(略称:PPy)、ポリ[(9,9−ジヘキシルフルオレン−2,7−ジイル)−co−(ピリジン−3,5−ジイル)](略称:PF−Py)、ポリ[(9,9−ジオクチルフルオレン−2,7−ジイル)−co−(2,2’−ビピリジン−6,6’−ジイル)](略称:PF−BPy)のような高分子化合物を用いることもできる。ここに述べた物質は、主に1×10−6cm2/Vs以上の電子移動度を有する物質である。なお、正孔よりも電子の輸送性の高い物質であれば、上記以外の物質を電子輸送層118として用いてもよい。
電子注入層119は、電子注入性の高い物質を含む層である。電子注入層119には、フッ化リチウム(LiF、フッ化ナトリウム(NaF))、フッ化セシウム(CsF)、フッ化カルシウム(CaF2)、リチウム酸化物(LiOx)等のようなアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、またはそれらの化合物を用いることができる。また、フッ化エルビウム(ErF3)のような希土類金属化合物を用いることができる。また、電子注入層119にエレクトライドを用いてもよい。該エレクトライドとしては、例えば、カルシウムとアルミニウムの混合酸化物に電子を高濃度添加した物質等が挙げられる。また、電子注入層119に、電子輸送層118で用いることが出来る物質を用いても良い。
また、本発明の一態様に係る発光素子は、ガラス、プラスチックなどからなる基板上に作製すればよい。基板上に作製する順番としては、電極101側から順に積層しても、電極102側から順に積層しても良い。
本実施の形態においては、実施の形態1に示す構成と異なる構成の発光素子、及び当該発光素子の発光機構について、図4を用いて、以下説明を行う。なお、図4において、図1に示す符号と同様の機能を有する箇所には、同様のハッチパターンとし、符号を省略する場合がある。また、同様の機能を有する箇所には、同様の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する場合がある。
図4は、発光素子250の断面模式図である。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1及び実施の形態2に示す構成と異なる構成の発光素子の例について、図5及び図6を用いて以下に説明する。
図5は、本発明の一態様の発光素子を示す断面図である。なお、図5において、図1に示す符号と同様の機能を有する箇所には、同様のハッチパターンとし、符号を省略する場合がある。また、同様の機能を有する箇所には、同様の符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する場合がある。
次に、図5に示す発光素子と異なる構成例について、図6(A)(B)を用いて、以下説明を行う。
発光層130、及び発光層140から射出される光は、一対の電極(例えば、電極101と電極102)の間で共振される。また、発光層130及び発光層140は、射出される光のうち所望の波長の光が強まる位置に形成される。例えば、電極101の反射領域から発光層130の発光領域までの光学距離と、電極102の反射領域から発光層130の発光領域までの光学距離と、を調整することにより、発光層130から射出される光のうち所望の波長の光を強めることができる。また、電極101の反射領域から発光層140の発光領域までの光学距離と、電極102の反射領域から発光層140の発光領域までの光学距離と、を調整することにより、発光層140から射出される光のうち所望の波長の光を強めることができる。すなわち、複数の発光層(ここでは、発光層130及び発光層140)を積層する発光素子の場合、発光層130及び発光層140のそれぞれの光学距離を最適化することが好ましい。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光素子を有する表示装置について、図7乃至図9を用いて説明する。
図7(A)は表示装置600を示す上面図、図7(B)は図7(A)の一点鎖線A−B、及び一点鎖線C−Dで切断した断面図である。表示装置600は、駆動回路部(信号線駆動回路部601、及び走査線駆動回路部603)、並びに画素部602を有する。なお、信号線駆動回路部601、走査線駆動回路部603、及び画素部602は、発光素子の発光を制御する機能を有する。
次に、表示装置の別の一例について、図8(A)(B)を用いて説明を行う。なお、図8(A)(B)は、本発明の一態様の表示装置の断面図である。
トップエミッション型の表示装置の断面図の一例を図9(A)(B)に示す。図9(A)(B)は、本発明の一態様の表示装置を説明する断面図であり、図8(A)(B)に示す駆動回路部1041、周辺部1042等を省略して例示している。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光素子を有する電子機器、発光装置、及び照明装置について、図10乃至図12を用いて説明を行う。
図10(A)乃至図10(G)は、電子機器を示す図である。これらの電子機器は、筐体9000、表示部9001、スピーカ9003、操作キー9005(電源スイッチ、又は操作スイッチを含む)、接続端子9006、センサ9007(力、変位、位置、速度、加速度、角速度、回転数、距離、光、液、磁気、温度、化学物質、音声、時間、硬度、電場、電流、電圧、電力、放射線、流量、湿度、傾度、振動、におい又は赤外線を測定する機能を含むもの)、マイクロフォン9008、等を有することができる。また、センサ9007は、脈拍センサや指紋センサ等のように生体情報を測定する機能を有してもよい。
本実施の形態で示す、発光装置3000の斜視図を図11(A)に、図11(A)に示す一点鎖線E−F間に相当する断面図を図11(B)に、それぞれ示す。なお、図11(A)において、図面の煩雑さを避けるために、構成要素の一部を破線で表示している。
図12は、発光素子を室内の照明装置8501として用いた例である。なお、発光素子は大面積化も可能であるため、大面積の照明装置を形成することもできる。その他、曲面を有する筐体を用いることで、発光領域が曲面を有する照明装置8502を形成することもできる。本実施の形態で示す発光素子は薄膜状であり、筐体のデザインの自由度が高い。したがって、様々な意匠を凝らした照明装置を形成することができる。さらに、室内の壁面に大型の照明装置8503を備えても良い。また、照明装置8501、8502、8503に、タッチセンサを設けて、電源のオンまたはオフを行ってもよい。
基板上に導電層として、In−Ga−Zn酸化物を形成した。In−Ga−Zn酸化物のスパッタリングターゲットの金属元素の原子数比は、In:Ga:Zn=1:1:1、In:Ga:Zn=1:3:2、In:Ga:Zn=1:3:4、In:Ga:Zn=1:3:6、In:Ga:Zn=1:4:5、In:Ga:Zn=4:2:4.1、をそれぞれ用いた。
次に、有機アクセプタ材料であるHAT−CNの電気化学的特性(酸化反応特性および還元反応特性)をサイクリックボルタンメトリ(CV)測定によって測定した。なお測定には、電気化学アナライザー(ビー・エー・エス(株)製、型番:ALSモデル600Aまたは600C)を用い、化合物をN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(略称:DMF)に溶解させた溶液を測定した。測定では、参照電極に対する作用電極の電位を適切な範囲で変化させて酸化ピーク電位、及び還元ピーク電位を測定した。また、参照電極のレドックスポテンシャルが−4.94eVであることが見積もられているため、この数値と得られたピーク電位から、化合物のHOMO準位およびLUMO準位を算出した。
以下に、本実施例で作製した発光素子の作製方法を示す。
ガラス基板上に電極101を構成する導電層101aとして、Al−Ni−La膜を厚さが200nmになるように形成した。次に、導電層101a上に接する導電層101bとして、In−Ga−Zn酸化物膜を厚さが10nmになるよう形成した。この際、スパッタリングターゲットの金属元素の原子数比は、In:Ga:Zn=1:3:4(以下、IGZO(134)と表す)を用いた。成膜条件は、Ar流量を45sccm、圧力を0.7Pa、電源電力を0.5kWを印加し、基板温度は200℃にて成膜した。以上の工程により電極101を形成した。なお、電極101の電極面積としては、4mm2(2mm×2mm)とした。
発光素子2及び発光素子3は、先に示す発光素子1の作製と、正孔注入層111及び正孔輸送層112の形成工程のみ異なり、それ以外の工程は発光素子1と同様の作製方法とした。
次に、上記作製した発光素子1乃至発光素子3に、光学素子として青色のカラーフィルタを0.8μmの厚さで形成した基板を重ねて、特性を測定した。輝度およびCIE色度の測定には色彩輝度計(トプコン社製、BM−5A)を用い、電界発光スペクトルの測定にはマルチチャンネル分光器(浜松ホトニクス社製、PMA−11)を用いた。
次に、発光素子1乃至発光素子3に用いた有機化合物のLUMO準位及びHOMO準位と、金属および無機材料の仕事関数とを図18に示す。有機化合物のLUMO準位及びHOMO準位はCV測定から見積もった値であり、CV測定の測定方法は実施例1と同様である。また、IGZO(134)の仕事関数の測定方法は、実施例1と同様である。また、金属および無機材料の仕事関数は、大気中にて光電子分光法(理研計器製、AC−2)にて測定した。なお、真空準位とフェルミ準位との差が仕事関数である。また、IGZO(134)及びMoO3は縮退状態であり、フェルミ準位と伝導帯下端のエネルギー準位は同程度とする。
101 電極
101a 導電層
101b 導電層
102 電極
103 電極
103a 導電層
103b 導電層
104 電極
104a 導電層
104b 導電層
106 発光ユニット
108 発光ユニット
111 正孔注入層
112 正孔輸送層
113 電子輸送層
114 電子注入層
115 電荷発生層
116 正孔注入層
117 正孔輸送層
118 電子輸送層
119 電子注入層
123B 発光層
123G 発光層
123R 発光層
130 発光層
140 発光層
140a 発光層
140b 発光層
145 隔壁
150 発光素子
200 基板
220 基板
221B 領域
221G 領域
221R 領域
222B 領域
222G 領域
222R 領域
223 遮光層
224B 光学素子
224G 光学素子
224R 光学素子
250 発光素子
260 発光素子
262a 発光素子
262b 発光素子
600 表示装置
601 信号線駆動回路部
602 画素部
603 走査線駆動回路部
604 封止基板
605 シール材
607 領域
608 配線
609 FPC
610 素子基板
611 トランジスタ
612 トランジスタ
613 下部電極
614 隔壁
616 EL層
617 上部電極
618 発光素子
621 光学素子
622 遮光層
623 トランジスタ
624 トランジスタ
1001 基板
1002 下地絶縁膜
1003 ゲート絶縁膜
1006 ゲート電極
1007 ゲート電極
1008 ゲート電極
1020 層間絶縁膜
1021 層間絶縁膜
1022 電極
1024B 下部電極
1024G 下部電極
1024R 下部電極
1025 隔壁
1026 上部電極
1028 EL層
1029 封止層
1031 封止基板
1032 シール材
1033 基材
1034B 着色層
1034G 着色層
1034R 着色層
1035 遮光層
1036 オーバーコート層
1037 層間絶縁膜
1040 画素部
1041 駆動回路部
1042 周辺部
3000 発光装置
3001 基板
3003 基板
3005 発光素子
3007 封止領域
3009 封止領域
3011 領域
3013 領域
3018 乾燥剤
8501 照明装置
8502 照明装置
8503 照明装置
8504 照明装置
9000 筐体
9001 表示部
9003 スピーカ
9005 操作キー
9006 接続端子
9007 センサ
9008 マイクロフォン
9050 操作ボタン
9051 情報
9052 情報
9053 情報
9054 情報
9055 ヒンジ
9100 携帯情報端末
9101 携帯情報端末
9102 携帯情報端末
9200 携帯情報端末
9201 携帯情報端末
Claims (19)
- 第1の電極と、
第2の電極と、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に設けられたEL層と、
を有する発光素子であって、
前記第1の電極は、第1の導電層と、前記第1の導電層と接する領域を有する第2の導電層と、を有し、
前記第1の導電層は、光を反射する機能を有し、
前記第2の導電層は、光を透過する機能を有し、
前記第2の導電層は、Inと、M(MはAl、Si、Ti、Ga、Y、Zr、La、Ce、Nd、及びHfの一以上)と、を含む酸化物を有し、
前記EL層は、前記第2の導電層と接する領域に有機アクセプタ材料を有する、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 第1の電極と、
第2の電極と、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に設けられたEL層と、
を有する発光素子であって、
前記第1の電極は、第1の導電層と、前記第1の導電層と接する領域を有する第2の導電層と、を有し、
前記第1の導電層は、光を反射する機能を有し、
前記第2の導電層は、光を透過する機能を有し、
前記第2の導電層は、Inと、M(MはAl、Si、Ti、Ga、Y、Zr、La、Ce、Nd、及びHfの一以上)と、を含む酸化物を有し、
前記EL層は、前記第2の導電層と接する領域に有機アクセプタ材料を有し、
前記酸化物の伝導帯下端のエネルギー準位と、前記有機アクセプタ材料のLUMOのエネルギー準位と、の差が0eV以上0.5eV以下である、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記EL層は、前記有機アクセプタ材料を含む領域と接する領域に、前記有機アクセプタ材料と異なるアクセプタ材料を有する、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 第1の電極と、
第2の電極と、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に設けられたEL層と、
を有する発光素子であって、
前記第1の電極は、第1の導電層と、前記第1の導電層と接する領域を有する第2の導電層と、を有し、
前記第1の導電層は、光を反射する機能を有し、
前記第2の導電層は、光を透過する機能を有し、
前記第2の導電層は、Inと、M(MはAl、Si、Ti、Ga、Y、Zr、La、Ce、Nd、及びHfの一以上)と、を含む酸化物を有し、
前記EL層は、前記第2の導電層と接する第1の領域と、前記第1の領域と接する第2の領域と、を有し、
前記第1の領域は、有機アクセプタ材料を有し、
前記第2の領域は、正孔輸送性材料を有し、
前記酸化物の伝導帯下端のエネルギー準位と、前記有機アクセプタ材料のLUMOのエネルギー準位と、の差が0eV以上0.5eV以下である、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項4において、
前記第2の領域は、前記有機アクセプタ材料と異なるアクセプタ材料を有する、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項において、
前記有機アクセプタ材料は、アザトリフェニレン骨格を有する、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項において、
前記有機アクセプタ材料は、シアノ基を有する、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項6または請求項7において、
前記有機アクセプタ材料は、2,3,6,7,10,11−ヘキサシアノ−1,4,5,8,9,12−ヘキサアザトリフェニレンを有する、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか一項において、
前記酸化物に含まれる前記Mの含有量は前記Inの含有量以上である、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか一項において、
前記酸化物は、さらに、Znを有する、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか一項において、
前記Mは、Gaである、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項11のいずれか一項において、
前記酸化物は、Inと、Gaと、Znと、を有する、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項12のいずれか一項において、
前記第1の導電層は、AlまたはAgを有する、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか一項において、
前記第2の電極は、
In、Ag、及びMgの少なくとも一つを有する、
ことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項14のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子と、
前記第1の電極または前記第2の電極と電気的に接続されるトランジスタと、を有する表示装置。 - 請求項15において、
前記トランジスタは、チャネル領域に酸化物半導体層を有し、
前記酸化物半導体層は、
Inと、M(MはAl、Si、Ti、Ga、Y、Zr、La、Ce、Nd、及びHfの一以上)と、を有する、
ことを特徴とする表示装置。 - 請求項16において、
前記第2の導電層と前記酸化物半導体層と、が同じ元素を有する、
ことを特徴とする表示装置。 - 請求項15乃至請求項17のいずれか一項に記載の表示装置と、
筐体またはタッチセンサの少なくとも一と、
を有する電子機器。 - 請求項1乃至請求項14のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子と、
筐体またはタッチセンサの少なくとも一と、
を有する照明装置。
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