JP2017165781A - 生物活性分子の細胞内輸送のための機能性ナノ粒子 - Google Patents
生物活性分子の細胞内輸送のための機能性ナノ粒子 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】前記機能化された生体適合性ナノ粒子は:5〜50nmのサイズにわたり、その上にポリマーコーティングを有する中心ナノ粒子と、前記ポリマーコーティングと共有結合する複数の官能基とを含み、ここで、前記複数の生物活性分子が、前記複数の官能基と結合され、前記複数の生物活性分子が、少なくともペプチドおよびタンパク質を含み、前記ペプチドが、哺乳類の細胞膜を貫通し、細胞内に進入することが可能であり、そして前記タンパク質が、細胞内において新しい機能性を提供することが可能である。前記タンパク質は、Oct4、Sox2、Nanog、Lin28、cMycおよびKlf4からなる群から選択される転写因子であってもよい。
【選択図】なし
Description
本出願は、2011年10月21日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/550,213号に対して優先権の利益を請求し、その内容は、全ての目的について全体が参照によって本開示に援用される。
本発明は、一般的に、有機合成およびナノバイオテクノロジー関し、より具体的には、細胞機能を調節する生物活性分子の細胞内への送達のための機能性ナノ粒子およびそれに関連する方法に関する。
正常に増殖、遊走および様々な細胞型へ分化する細胞の能力は、胚形成および成熟細胞の機能において重要であり、成熟細胞としては、様々な遺伝性疾患または後天性疾患における造血系および/または循環器系の細胞が挙げられるが、限定されない。幹細胞および/またはさらに分化した特殊化された細胞型の機能的な能力は、様々な病的状態において変化するが、生物活性成分の細胞内への導入の際、正常化され得る。例えば、骨髄幹細胞/前駆細胞の損なわれた生存および/または好中球への分化のような異常な細胞の機能が、周期性または重篤な先天性好中球減少症の患者において観察され、これらの患者は、重篤な命を脅かす感染症に苦しみ、徐々に進行し、急性骨髄性白血病またはその他の悪性腫瘍を発症し得る(Aprikyan et al., Impaired survival of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells in cyclic neutropenia. Blood, 97, 147(2001);Goran Carlsson et al., Kostmann Sydnrome: severe congenital neutropenia associated with defective expression of Bcl−2, constitutive mitochondrial release of cytochrome C, and excessive apoptosis of myeloid progenitor cells. Blood, 103, 3355(2004))。重篤な先天性好中球減少症またはバース症候群(Barth syndrome)のような遺伝性疾患または後天性疾患は、様々な遺伝子の変異によって引き起こされ、患者の血液細胞および/または心臓細胞の不十分な産生および機能(その後の好中球減少症、心筋症および/または心不全を導く)が原因である(Makaryan et al., The cellular and molecular mechanisms for neutropenia in Barth syndrome. Eur J Haematol. 88:195−209(2012))。重篤な先天性好中球減少症の表現型は、好中球エラスターゼ遺伝子、HAX1遺伝子またはウィスコット−アルドリッチ症候群タンパク質(Wiskott−Aldrich Syndrome Protein)遺伝子における異なる置換、欠失、挿入または切断による変異によって引き起こされる(Dale et al., Mutations in the gene encoding neutrophil elastase in congenital and cyclic neutropenia. Blood. 96:2317−2322 (2000); Devriendt et al., Constitutively activating mutation in WASP causes X−linked severe congenital neutropenia. Nat Genet. 27:313−7 (2001);Klein et al., HAX1 deficiency causes autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia (Kostmann disease) Nat Genet. 39:86−92 (2007))。
いくつかの実施形態において、本発明は、タンパク質および/またはペプチドを、細胞機能を調節するために、生体適合性ナノ粒子と結合させる機能化方法に関する。いくつかの実施形態において、本発明は、機能化された生体適合性ナノ粒子それ自体に関する。
本発明は、例えば、以下の項目も提供する。
(項目1)
哺乳類の細胞膜を貫通し、細胞機能を調節するための複数の生物活性分子を細胞内に送達することが可能な機能化された生体適合性ナノ粒子であって、該ナノ粒子は:
5〜50nmのサイズにわたり、その上にポリマーコーティングを有する中心ナノ粒子と、
該ポリマーコーティングと共有結合する複数の官能基と
を含み、ここで、該複数の生物活性分子が、該複数の官能基と結合され、該複数の生物活性分子が、少なくともペプチドおよびタンパク質を含み、該ペプチドが、該哺乳類の細胞膜を貫通し、該細胞内に進入することが可能であり、そして該タンパク質が、該細胞内において新しい機能性を提供することが可能である、ナノ粒子。
(項目2)
前記ナノ粒子が鉄を含む、項目1に記載の機能化された生体適合性ナノ粒子。
(項目3)
前記ペプチドが、前記タンパク質と結合される、項目2に記載の機能化された生体適合性ナノ粒子。
(項目4)
前記ペプチドおよび前記タンパク質が、1種またはそれより多くの挿入リンカー分子によって、それぞれ前記ナノ粒子に結合する、項目3に記載の機能化された生体適合性ナノ粒子。
(項目5)
前記ペプチドが、5〜9個の塩基性アミノ酸を含む、項目1に記載の機能化された生体適合性ナノ粒子。
(項目6)
前記ペプチドが、9個またはそれより多くの塩基性アミノ酸を含む項目1に記載の機能化された生体適合性ナノ粒子。
(項目7)
前記タンパク質が転写因子である、項目5に記載の機能化された生体適合性ナノ粒子。(項目8)
前記転写因子が、Oct4、Sox2、Nanog、Lin28、cMycおよびKlf4からなる群から選択される、項目7に記載の機能化された生体適合性ナノ粒子。
(項目9)
哺乳類細胞内の細胞機能性を変化させる方法であって、項目1に記載の有効量の機能化された生体適合性ナノ粒子を該細胞に投与し、該細胞内の細胞機能性を変化させることを含む、方法。
(項目10)
前記細胞機能性の変化が、前記細胞の物理化学的な性質における変化を含む、項目9に記載の哺乳類細胞内の細胞機能性を変化させる方法。
(項目11)
前記細胞機能性の変化が、前記細胞の増殖性の性質における変化を含む、項目9に記載の哺乳類細胞内の細胞機能性を変化させる方法。
(項目12)
前記細胞機能性の変化が、前記細胞の生存能力における変化を含む、項目9に記載の哺乳類細胞内の細胞機能性を変化させる方法。
(項目13)
前記細胞機能性の変化が、前記細胞の形態学的表現型の性質における変化を含む、項目9に記載の哺乳類細胞内の細胞機能性を変化させる方法。
(項目14)
前記細胞機能性の変化が、幹細胞またはさらに特殊化された細胞型を含む新規の細胞型を産生する前記細胞の後天性の能力を含む、項目9に記載の哺乳類細胞内の細胞機能性を変化させる方法。
細胞内に生物活性分子を送達するために、本発明の発明者らは、共有結合した生物活性分子を有する細胞膜透過性ナノ粒子に基づく普遍的なデバイスを提供する。この目的を達成するために、本発明者らは、本明細書中に、ナノ粒子とタンパク質およびペプチドとの共有結合を確保する新規の機能化方法を提供する。本発明の修飾された細胞透過性ナノ粒子は、細胞の機能を制御および/または正常化するための生物活性分子の細胞内輸送についての普遍的なメカニズムを提供する。
様々な長さのリンカーが順番に結合するX/Y官能基を有する生体適合性のコーティング(例えば、デキストラン多糖)がされている鉄または他の物質に基づくナノ粒子は、それらのX/Y官能基を介してタンパク質および/またはペプチド(もしくは他の小分子)と共有結合する。
−NH2(例えば、リジン、a−NH2)、
−SH、
−COOH
−NH−C(NH)(NH2)、
糖質、
−ヒドロキシル(OH)、
−リンカーのアジド基の光化学による結合、
が挙げられる。
SMCC(スクシンイミジル4−(N−マレイミド−メチル)シクロヘキサン−1−カルボキシレート) 同様に、アミノ基およびチオール基を架橋するためのスルホ−SMCC、スルホスクシンイミジル誘導体も利用可能である。
カルボキシル基およびスルフヒドリル基の両方を含有するPEG分子、
が挙げられ得る。
シトラコン酸無水物−NHに特異的、
エチルマレイミド−SHに特異的、
メルカプトエタノール−マレイミドに特異的、
が挙げられる。
growth factor)および/または様々な成長因子があり、これらは、後で取り除かれ得るか、または再び新しくされ得、そして培養が継続される。本明細書に記載された様々な方法を使用して結合した生物活性分子が結合した機能化された生体適合性の細胞透過性ナノ粒子の存在下、磁界存在下または非存在下で、蒔かれた細胞が培養される。超常磁性ナノ粒子の場合における磁石の使用は、細胞とナノ粒子との間の接触表面積における重要な上昇を提供し、それゆえ、細胞膜を通る機能性ナノ粒子のさらに向上した透過を強化する。必要な場合、細胞集団は、機能性ナノ粒子で繰り返し処理され、生物活性分子を細胞内に送達する。
GFPを、架橋剤としてLC−SMMを使用して、超常磁性粒子と結合し(ビーズのアミン基と結合)、その後、GFPのスルフヒドリルと直接結合した。LC−SMCC(Thermo Fisherから入手)を、ACROSから入手したジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)(密封されたバイアルかつ無水)に、1mg/mlの濃度で溶かした。試料を密封し、ほとんどすぐに使用した。
この方法において、リジンのアミノ基を、ビーズ上のスルフヒドリルとのカップリング反応に使用した。pH7.2の0.1Mリン酸バッファーで新たに平衡化されたビーズを、これらの実験において使用した。1mg/ml(DMF中)のLC−SPDPを新たに調製した。10μlのSPDP溶液を、激しくボルテックスしながらビーズ懸濁液に加え、1時間反応させた。その後、未反応の物質を、遠心分離によって取り除き、10Kの分画のAmiconスピンフィルターを使用して、ナノ粒子をリン酸バッファーで洗浄した。SPDPのジスルフィド結合を、クリーランド試薬を使用して切断した;1mgを溶液に加え、反応を1時間進めさせた。副産物および未反応のクリーランド試薬を、10Kの分画のAmiconスピンフィルターによって取り除いた。
市販、または以下の文献に記載されているような標準の実験手順を使用して得られるヒト線維芽細胞を(Moretti et al., Mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells as a souce for multipotent Isl1 cardiovascular progenitors. FASEB J. 24:700 (2010))、6穴プレートの、150,000〜200,000の密度であらかじめ蒔かれたフィーダー細胞を含むか、または含まない固体表面上に、無菌条件下において150,000細胞密度で蒔く。フィーダー細胞は、市販、または標準の実験法を使用したいずれかで入手した。蒔かれた細胞を、細胞分裂/増殖または許容できる細胞生存率の維持を可能とする特異的な因子の組み合わせと共に、血清含有培地中でしばらく培養し、これらは後で取り除き得るか、または再び新しくし得、5%のCO2および雰囲気酸素の加湿されたインキュベーターで、無菌条件下で培養を継続した。
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- 本明細書に記載の発明。
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