JP2017113748A - 皮膜の検査方法 - Google Patents
皮膜の検査方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017113748A JP2017113748A JP2016231925A JP2016231925A JP2017113748A JP 2017113748 A JP2017113748 A JP 2017113748A JP 2016231925 A JP2016231925 A JP 2016231925A JP 2016231925 A JP2016231925 A JP 2016231925A JP 2017113748 A JP2017113748 A JP 2017113748A
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- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004846 x-ray emission Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5007—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with salts or salty compositions, e.g. for salt glazing
- C04B41/5009—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with salts or salty compositions, e.g. for salt glazing containing nitrogen in the anion, e.g. nitrites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
- C04B41/5031—Alumina
- C04B41/5032—Aluminates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/221—Ion beam deposition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/8422—Investigating thin films, e.g. matrix isolation method
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence
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Abstract
【解決手段】セラミック皮膜における材料の堆積の均一性を決定するための方法は、(a)セラミック皮膜の複数の表面連通開口内に材料の1以上の量を堆積させる工程であって、材料が
i.1種以上の蛍光体と
ii.1種以上の保護剤と
を含む工程と、
(b)材料が堆積される領域を照射する工程と、
(c)領域からの光の放出強度を評価する工程と
を含む。
【選択図】図1A
Description
(a)セラミック皮膜の複数の表面連通開口内に、
i.1種以上の蛍光体と
ii.1種以上の保護剤と
を含む材料の1以上の量を堆積させる工程と、
(b)材料が堆積された領域を照射する工程と、
(c)領域からの光の放出強度を評価する工程と
を含む方法が提供される。
i.1種以上の蛍光体と、
ii.1種以上の保護剤と
を含む工程、を含む方法が提供される。
(a)刺激放射線でセラミック皮膜の表面を照射する工程であって、セラミック皮膜が、複数の表面連通開口と、開口の少なくともいくつかに堆積した材料とを含み、材料が
i.1種以上の蛍光体と
ii.1種以上の保護剤と
を含む工程と、
(b)刺激放射線に応答した材料からの放出放射線を検出する工程と、
(c)検出された放出放射線の強度に基づくセラミック皮膜内の材料の分布を表面での位置の関数として記録する工程と
を含む方法が提供される。
[実施態様1]
セラミック皮膜の複数の表面連通開口に材料を堆積させる工程を含む方法であって、材料が
i.1種以上の蛍光体と、
ii.1種以上の保護剤と
を含んでいる、方法。
[実施態様2]
セラミック皮膜における材料の堆積の均一性を決定する方法であって、
(a)複数の表面連通開口と該開口の少なくとも一部に堆積された材料とを含むセラミック皮膜の表面に刺激放射線を照射する工程であって、材料が、
i.1種以上の蛍光体と、
ii.1種以上の保護剤と
を含んでいる、工程と、
(b)刺激放射線に応答した材料からの放出放射線を検出する工程と、
(c)検出された放出放射線の強度に基づくセラミック皮膜内の材料の分布を表面での位置の関数として記録する工程と
を含む方法。
[実施態様3]
セラミック皮膜が遮熱コーティングである、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様4]
材料が堆積した領域を刺激放射線で照射した後で1種以上の堆積した蛍光体から放出された光の波長が、同じ照射下で元のセラミック皮膜から放出された光の波長とは異なる、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様5]
記録された材料の分布に基づいて材料の濃度が不十分な領域を同定して、材料の濃度が不十分な領域に材料の追加の量を堆積させる工程をさらに含む、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様6]
刺激放射線が紫外(UV)光である、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様7]
蛍光体が材料の約0.1重量%〜約5重量%の量で材料に存在する、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様8]
蛍光体が材料の約0.1重量%〜約2.5重量%の量で材料に存在する、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様9]
蛍光体がホストと賦活剤とを含む、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様10]
蛍光体がユーロピウム、タングステン、モリブデン、鉛、ホウ素、チタン、マンガン、ウラン、クロム、テルビウム、ジスプロシウム、イットリウム、セリウム、ガドリニウム、ランタン、リン、酸素、ルテチウム又は窒素の1種以上を含む、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様11]
蛍光体がユーロピウムを含む、実施態様10に記載の方法。
[実施態様12]
ユーロピウムが材料の約0.1重量%〜約5重量%の量で材料に存在する、実施態様11に記載の方法。
[実施態様13]
ユーロピウムが材料の約0.1重量%〜約2.5重量%の量で材料に存在する、実施態様11に記載の方法。
[実施態様14]
保護剤が、遮蔽剤、耐カルシウム−マグネシウム−アルミニウム−ケイ素−酸化物(CMAS)剤又はその組合せである、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様15]
材料が遮蔽剤と蛍光体とを含む、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様16]
材料が耐CMAS剤と蛍光体とを含む、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様17]
堆積した材料が1種以上の遮蔽剤を第一の量で含み、堆積した材料が1種以上の耐CMAS剤を第二の量で含む、実施態様14に記載の方法。
[実施態様18]
堆積した材料が1種以上の遮蔽剤と第一の蛍光体とを第一の量で含み、堆積した材料が1種以上の耐CMAS剤と第二の蛍光体とを第二の量で含み、材料の1以上の量が堆積した領域に刺激放射線を照射後、第一の蛍光体から放出された光の波長が、第二の蛍光体から放出された光の波長とは異なる、実施態様17に記載の方法。
[実施態様19]
耐CMAS剤が、1種以上の希土類元素又はアルカリ土類元素又はその組合せを含む、実施態様14に記載の方法。
[実施態様20]
1種以上の希土類元素が、ランタン、ネオジム、エルビウム、セリウム及びガドリニウムからなる群から選択される、実施態様19に記載の方法。
[実施態様21]
1種以上のアルカリ土類元素が、ベリリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、バリウム及びラジウムからなる群から選択される、実施態様19に記載の方法。
[実施態様22]
耐CMAS剤が窒化物、酸化物又はその組合せを含む、実施態様19に記載の方法。
[実施態様23]
耐CMAS剤がジルコニウム、ハフニウム、チタン、タンタル又はニオビウムをさらに含む、実施態様19に記載の方法。
[実施態様24]
遮蔽剤がアルミニウム酸化物、ハフニウム酸化物又はセリウム酸化物又はその組合せを含む、実施態様14に記載の方法。
[実施態様25]
遮蔽剤が、Al2O3、HfO2、Ce2O3又はその組合せを含む、実施態様14に記載の方法。
[実施態様26]
保護剤が、GdAlO3、Gd3NbO7及びGdTa3O9からなる群から選択される、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様27]
材料が材料の総重量の1.5重量%のEu2O3を含む、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様28]
材料がGd0.98Eu0.02AlO3を含む、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様29]
セラミック皮膜内に材料を堆積させる工程が、セラミック皮膜の表面連通開口に液体を浸透させる工程を含む、実施態様2に記載の方法。
[実施態様30]
液体が、担体流体と、担体流体内に懸濁する複数の粒子とを含む、実施態様29に記載の方法。
[実施態様31]
液体が溶媒と溶媒に溶解した溶質とを含む、実施態様29に記載の方法。
[実施態様32]
液体を揮発させて、セラミック皮膜の表面連通開口に堆積した残査を形成させる工程をさらに含む、実施態様29に記載の方法。
[実施態様33]
セラミック皮膜の表面連通開口に堆積された保護剤と蛍光体とを含むセラミック皮膜。
[実施態様34]
遮熱コーティングである、実施態様33に記載のセラミック皮膜。
[実施態様35]
保護剤が、遮蔽剤、耐カルシウム−マグネシウム−アルミニウム−ケイ素−酸化物(CMAS)剤又はその組合せである、実施態様33に記載のセラミック皮膜。
Claims (15)
- セラミック皮膜の複数の表面連通開口に材料を堆積させる工程を含む方法であって、材料が
i.1種以上の蛍光体と、
ii.1種以上の保護剤と
を含んでいる、方法。 - セラミック皮膜における材料の堆積の均一性を決定する方法であって、
(a)複数の表面連通開口と該開口の少なくとも一部に堆積された材料とを含むセラミック皮膜の表面に刺激放射線を照射する工程であって、材料が、
i.1種以上の蛍光体と、
ii.1種以上の保護剤と
を含んでいる、工程と、
(b)刺激放射線に応答した材料からの放出放射線を検出する工程と、
(c)検出された放出放射線の強度に基づくセラミック皮膜内の材料の分布を表面での位置の関数として記録する工程と
を含む方法。 - 材料が堆積した領域を刺激放射線で照射した後で1種以上の堆積した蛍光体から放出された光の波長が、同じ照射下で元のセラミック皮膜から放出された光の波長とは異なる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 記録された材料の分布に基づいて材料の濃度が不十分な領域を同定して、材料の濃度が不十分な領域に材料の追加の量を堆積させる工程をさらに含む、請求項2又は請求項3に記載の方法。
- 蛍光体が材料の0.1重量%〜5重量%の量で材料に存在する、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 蛍光体がホストと賦活剤とを含む、請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 蛍光体がユーロピウム、タングステン、モリブデン、鉛、ホウ素、チタン、マンガン、ウラン、クロム、テルビウム、ジスプロシウム、イットリウム、セリウム、ガドリニウム、ランタン、リン、酸素、ルテチウム又は窒素の1種以上を含む、請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 蛍光体がユーロピウムを含んでいて、ユーロピウムが材料の0.1重量%〜5重量%の量で材料に存在する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 保護剤が、遮蔽剤、耐カルシウム−マグネシウム−アルミニウム−ケイ素−酸化物(CMAS)剤又はその組合せである、請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 堆積した材料が1種以上の遮蔽剤を第一の量で含み、堆積した材料が1種以上の耐CMAS剤を第二の量で含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 耐CMAS剤が、1種以上の希土類元素又はアルカリ土類元素又はその組合せを含む、請求項9又は請求項10に記載の方法。
- 遮蔽剤がアルミニウム酸化物、ハフニウム酸化物又はセリウム酸化物又はその組合せを含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 保護剤が、GdAlO3、Gd3NbO7及びGdTa3O9からなる群から選択される、請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 材料が(a)材料の総重量の1.5重量%のEu2O3を含んでいるか、或いは(b)Gd0.98Eu0.02AlO3を含む、請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- セラミック皮膜の表面連通開口に堆積された保護剤と蛍光体とを含むセラミック皮膜。
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