JP2017037658A - 自然言語音声サービス環境においてマルチモーダル機器対話を処理するシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
自然言語音声サービス環境においてマルチモーダル機器対話を処理するシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】単数又は複数のマルチモーダル機器対話は、単数又は複数の電子機器を含む自然言語音声サービス環境において受信される。このマルチモーダル機器対話は、前記電子機器の少なくとも一つ又はそれに対応付けられたアプリケーションとの非音声対話を含み、前記非音声対話に対応付けられた自然言語発話をさらに含む。前記非音声対話及び前記自然言語発話に関連するコンテクストが抽出され、前記マルチモーダル機器対話の意図を決定するために組み合わされる。また、前記マルチモーダル機器対話の前記決定された意図に基づいて、単数又は複数の前記電子機器に対して要求が発出される。
【選択図】図3
Description
特許出願第12/389,678号に基づく優先権を主張する。当該基礎出願の内容は参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。
ルチモーダル対話は、追加的なコンテクスト(context)を提供する。この追加的なコン
テクストは、マルチモーダル対話に付随する自然言語発話の解釈に協力するとともにその他の処理を行うためのものである。
かサポートしていない。また、既存の音声ユーザインタフェースの多くは、音声認識が不正確であるため、ユーザにフラストレーションや不満足感を引き起こすこともある。同様に、リクエストをシステムが理解できる方法で伝達するためには、ユーザは予め定められたコマンド又はキーワードを提供しなければならないので、既存の音声ユーザインタフェースは、ユーザを生産的で協力的な対話に効果的に関与させてリクエストを決定することができず、会話を満足の行く目標に向かって進めることができない(例えば、ユーザが特定のニーズ、利用可能な情報、機器の機能等についてよく分かっていない場合)。このように、既存の音声ユーザインタフェースには、様々な欠点が存在する。例えば、ユーザを協力的な方法で及び会話形式で対話に関与させる点に重大な限界がある。
数の固有で識別可能な対話を行うことを含む。このため、コンテクストが前記自然言語発話から抽出され、また、前記非音声機器対話が、前記自然言語発話に関する追加的なコンテクストを提供することができる。前記発話のコンテクストと前記非音声機器対話のコンテクストとは、その後に前記マルチモーダル機器対話の意図を決定するために組み合わされる。単数又は複数の前記電子機器は、前記マルチモーダル機器対話の意図に基づいてリクエストを処理する。
ルな方法でシステム100と対話することができる。特に、システム100は、少なくとも音声クリックモジュール108を含む様々な自然言語処理コンポーネントを含むことができる。音声クリックモジュール108は、単数又は複数の入力機器105とともにユーザのマルチモーダル対話を処理することができる。例えば、一実施態様における入力機器105は、少なくとも一つの音声入力機器105a(例えば、マイク)と少なくとも一つの非音声入力機器105b(例えば、マウス、タッチスクリーンディスプレイ、ホイールセレクタ等)との任意の適切な組み合わせを含むことができる。このように、入力機器105は、音声ベースの入力及び非音声ベースの入力(例えば、テレマティックス機器、パーソナルナビゲーション機器、携帯電話、VoIPノード、パーソナルコンピュータ、メディア機器、組み込み機器、サーバ、又はこれら以外の電子単数又は複数の機器に接続されたマイク)の両方を受信するメカニズムを有する電子機器の任意の適切な組み合わせを含むことができる。このため、ユーザは、電子機器105に関連づけられた単数又は複数の電子入力機器105又はアプリケーションを用いて、システム100によってマルチモーダルな会話形式の対話を行うことができる。このシステム100は、タスクを発出するため又は他の方法でリクエストを決定(resolve)するために好適な自由形式且つ協力的な方
法で機器対話を処理することができる。
特許第7,398,209号、及び、2003年6月15日に出願された「Mobile System and Method forResponding to Natural Language Speech Utterance」と題する米国特許出願第10/618,633号に記載された技術を用いて処理することができる。これらの特許及び特許出願の開示
内容は、参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。また、ユーザは、発話及び/又は要求されたコンテンツもしくはサービスに関連する追加的なコンテクスト等の情報を提供するために、単数又は複数の非音声入力機器105bと対話することができる。
Multi-Device Natural Language VoiceServices Environment」と題する係属中の米国特許出願第12/127,343号において説明されている。当該米国特許出願の開示内容は、参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。例えば、マルチ機器環境は、様々なシステム及び機器の間で情報を共有し、リクエストを決定するための協力的な環境を提供することができる。当該共有された情報は、機器の機能、コンテクスト、以前の対話、ドメイン情
報、短期的情報(short-term knowledge)、長期的情報(long-termknowledge)、及び
認知モデル等の側面に関連していてもよい。
aで受信された自然言語発話を処理するために用いられる情報を、非音声入力機器105bで受信された単数又は複数の非音声機器対話を考慮して、システム100に提供することができる。このように、ユーザは、音声クリックモジュール108を用いることによって、直感的で自由形式の方法で様々な入力機器105と対話することができる。これにより、ユーザは、動作の開始を求め、情報を入手し、又はその他の方法でシステム100で利用できるコンテンツ又はサービスを要求するときに、様々な種類の情報をシステム100に提供することができる。
クリックホイール、マウス、キーパッド、ボタン、又はその他の任意の機器であって識別可能な非音声機器対話をサポートするものを含むことができる。このため、ユーザは、非音声入力機器105bを用いてデータの選択を行い、又は、音声入力機器105aによって提供された関連する自然言語発話に関連して処理されるべき焦点(pointsof focus)
(又は関心の焦点(attention focus))を特定することができる。例えば、ユーザは、
タッチスクリーンディスプレイの特定の領域をスタイラスで指し示し、マウスを用いてテキストをハイライトし、ボタンをクリックし、アプリケーションと対話し、データを選択し、又はその他の方法で焦点を特定するために任意の好適な機器対話を行う(すなわち、選択されたデータ及び/又は特定された焦点を音声起動又は「音声クリック」する)ことができる。
Multi-Modal, Multi-Device Natural Language VoiceServices Environment」と題す
る係属中の米国特許出願第12/127,343号において説明されているように、単数又は複数の動作、クエリ、コマンド、タスク、又はこれら以外のリクエストであってマルチデバイス環境に配置された様々な機器の任意のものと関連づけられているものをさらに含むことができる。例えば、タッチスクリーンディスプレイに表示された特定の領域又は要素をスタイラスでクリックする識別可能なシーケンスが、携帯電話で電話を開始し、ナビゲーション機器でルートを計算し、メディアプレイヤー用に音楽を購入し、又はこれら以外の種類のリクエストを行うための専用の機器対話(deviceinteraction)又は音声クリック(voice-click)として定義される。
供することができる。このように、音声クリックは、一般に、現在の発話又は他の音声入力が単数又は複数の機器105との現時点での対話とともに処理されるべきことをシステム100に対して知らせることができる。例えば、一実施態様において、現時点の機器対話は、ユーザによる選択、ハイライト、又は他の関心の焦点の特定、目的、又は単数又は複数の機器105に関連づけられた他の項目を含むことができる。このように、現時点の機器対話は、付随する発話の認識、解釈、及び理解を明確にするコンテクストを提供することができ、また、現時点の発話は、付随する機器対話によって提供されるコンテクストを改善する情報を提供することができる。
き、この情報を付随する発話を処理するためのコンテクストとして用いることができる(すなわち、選択された交点は、ユーザの現在位置等の意味以外の、「この辺り」を解釈するためのコンテクストを提供することができる)。また、上述のように、音声入力は、タスク記述を決定するための追加的なコンテクストとして使用することができる。このように、発話は、システム100の様々な自然言語処理コンポーネントを用いた認識及び会話的な解釈としても用いられる。この点については以下でさらに詳しく説明する。
国特許出願第11/197,504に記述されている。当該出願の開示内容は参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。)に基づく音声ディクテーションを用いて音素列を認識するために用いられる。
)、音楽なのか(すなわち、1960年代のロックバンド)、又は映画なのか(すなわち、スティーブン・ソダーバーグ監督の映画)によって、異なる解釈を与えられる可能性がある。したがって、ASR110は、上述の係属中の米国特許出願及び/又は2006年8月31日
に出願された「Dynamic Speech Sharpening」と題する係属中の米国特許出願第11/513,269号において説明されているように、様々な技術を用いて自然言語発話の予備的な解釈を
生成することができる。これらの特許出願の開示内容は、参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。
ができる(例えば、「どんな」は、データ取得を要求するクエリに関連する発話を示すことができる)。また、会話言語プロセッサ120は、コンテクストトラッキングエンジン130dを起動して、音声クリックのコンテクストを決定することができる。例えば、コンテクストトラッキングエンジン130dは、音声クリックコンテクストを決定するために、特定された焦点(すなわち、選択された交点)に関連づけられたコンテクストと、発話(すなわち、レストラン)に関連づけられたコンテクストとを組み合わせることができる。
機器対話(又は「音声クリック」)は、一般に、ユーザが単数又は複数のマルチモーダル機器と単数又は複数の対話を行う一方、マルチモーダル機器との対話に関連する単数又は複数の自然言語発話も提供するときに発生する。一実施態様において、マルチモーダル機器との対話に関連するコンテクスト情報は、(例えば、特定の動作、クエリ、コマンド、タスク又は他のリクエストを開始するための)音声クリックの意図を決定するために、自然言語発話に関連するコンテクスト情報と関連づけられる。
、工程210は、単数又は複数の新しい機器が当該環境に追加されたことに応答して実行されてもよい。工程210において設定される機器リスナーは、単数又は複数の処理装置又は他のハードウェアコンポーネントにおいて実行されるように構成された命令、ファームウェア、又はこれら以外のルーチンの任意の好適な組み合わせを含んでもよい。当該環境における機器の各々に対応付けられた機器リスナーは、機器の機能、特徴、サポートされているドメイン、又はこれら以外の機器に関する情報を決定するために当該機器と通信することができる。一実施態様における機器リスナーは、コンピュータ付属機器用に設計されたUniversalPlug and Playプロトコルを用いて当該機器と通信するように構成され
てもよいが、マルチモーダル機器と通信する任意の好適なメカニズムを用いることができる。
えば、耳の形の線を描くこと)、長いタッチやダブルタップ等の固有の対話方法を含むことができ、及び/又は、システムが上述した継続的聴取モードで動作している場合には、予め定められたコンテクスト命令語によって、現在の機器コンテクストを当該コンテクスト命令語に続く音声入力の部分とともに処理することを示すことができる(例えば、命令語が「OK」、「Please」、「Computer」、又はその他の好適なワードである場合には、ユーザはマップ上の特定の点を選択して「Pleasezoom in」と言ったり、Eメールが表示さ
れたときに「OK read it」と言ったりすることができる)。
含むことができる)。また、発話のコンテクストは、複製動作及び当該選択された楽曲を含むアルバムを特定する情報を含むことができる。
ザクションリード(transaction lead)を生成することをさらに含むことができる。例えば、クリックスルーは、一般に、ユーザが電子広告をクリックし又は他の方法で電子広告を選択して当該広告に関連する単数又は複数のサービスにアクセスする行為を指す。多くの電子システムにおいて、クリックスルー又はクリックスルー率は、ユーザと電子広告との対話を計測するメカニズムを提供することができ、当該広告をユーザへ提供する主体に対する支払額を決定するために広告主によって用いられる様々な測定値を提供することができる。
ることができる。この方法において、ユーザに提供される広告又は推薦は、ユーザが対話する特定の情報との関連性が高くともよい。また、自然言語認知モデル及びユーザの嗜好に関する共有された情報を用いることにより、特定のユーザのためにカスタマイズされたターゲットトランザクションリードのための追加的なコンテクストを提供することができ、これにより、音声サービスプロバイダーに対する支払いを生み出すクリックスルーがより生じやすくなる。
された機器対話のコンテクストに基づいて、トランザクションリードをユーザに「より親密な」方法で処理することができる。例えば、ユーザがナビゲーション機器に表示された交点を選択し「この辺りにあるレストランを探す」と言う上述の例を参照すると、工程440において生成されるトランザクションリードは、当該交点に近いレストランの単数又は複数の広告又は推薦を含むことができる。このレストランは、ユーザの短期間及び長期間の嗜好(例えば、好みのレストランの種類、好みの価格帯等)に関する情報に基づいて、当該ユーザに関して絞り込まれる。
れらの適当な組み合わせによって実現される。本実施形態は、機械読み取り可能な媒体に記憶される命令によっても実装可能である。このような命令は、単数又は複数のプロセッサによって読み出されて実行される。機械読み取り可能な媒体は、機械(例えば、コンピュータ装置)によって読み取り可能な形式の情報を保存し伝送する様々なメカニズムを含む。例えば、機械読み取り可能な記録媒体は、ROM、RAM、磁気ディスクストレージ媒体、光学ストレージ媒体、フラッシュメモリ装置等のストレージメディアを含む。また、機械読み取り可能な伝送媒体は、搬送波等の伝搬信号、赤外線信号、デジタル信号、又はこれら以外の伝送メディアを含む。さらに、ファームウェア、ソフトウェア、ルーチン、または命令は、上記開示において、所定の処理を実行する特定の例示的な態様及び実装形態及びの観点から説明されたが、そのような説明は便宜上のものに過ぎず、そのような処理は、実際には、コンピュータ装置、プロセッサ、制御装置、又はファームウェア、ソフトウェア、ルーチン、もしくは命令を実行するその他の装置によりなされるものであることは明らかである。
for Responding to Natural Language Speech Utterance」と題する係属中の米国特許
出願第11/197,504号、2005年8月10日に出願された「System and Method of SupportingAdaptive Misrecognition in Conversational Speech」と題する米国特許出願第11/200,164号、2005年8月29日に出願された「Mobile System and Method of Supporting Natural LanguageHuman-Machine Interactions」と題する米国特許出願第11/212,693号、2006年10月16日に出願された「System and Method for a Cooperative Conversational VoiceUser Interface」と題する米国特許出願第11/580,926号、2007年2月6日に出願された「System andMethod for Selecting and Presenting Advertisements Based on Natural LanguageProcessing of Voice-Based Input」と題する米国特許出願第11/671,526、及び2007年12月11日に出願された「System and Method for Providing a Natural Language VoiceUser Interface in an Integrated Voice Navigation Services Environment」と題する米国特許出願第11/954,064号に記載された自然言語処理機能を用いることもできる。これらの特許出願の開示内容は、参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。
Claims (18)
- 単数又は複数の電子機器を含む自然言語音声サービス環境において単数又は複数のマルチモーダル機器対話を処理する方法であって、
前記電子機器の少なくとも一つ又は前記電子機器の少なくとも一つに対応付けられたアプリケーションとの非音声対話及び前記非音声対話に関連する少なくとも一つの自然言語発話を含む少なくとも一つのマルチモーダル機器対話を検出する工程と、
前記マルチモーダル機器対話に関連するコンテクスト情報であって前記非音声対話に関連するコンテクスト及び前記自然言語発話に関連するコンテクストを含むものを抽出する工程と、
前記非音声対話に関連するコンテクストと前記自然言語発話に関連するコンテクストとを組み合わせる工程と、
前記非音声対話及び前記自然言語発話に関連する前記組み合わされたコンテクストに基づいて、前記マルチモーダル機器対話の意図を決定する工程と、
前記マルチモーダル機器対話の前記決定された意図に基づいて、少なくとも一つのリクエストを単数又は複数の前記電子機器に発出する工程と、
を含む方法。 - 前記電子機器の少なくとも一つが前記自然言語発話を受信するように構成された入力機器を含む請求項1の方法。
- 前記非音声対話の検出に応答して、前記入力機器に前記自然言語発話を取得するように伝達する工程をさらに含む請求項2の方法。
- 前記自然言語音声サービス環境において前記非音声対話を検出するように構成された単数又は複数の機器リスナーを設定する工程と、
前記機器リスナーによって検出された前記非音声対話に関連する情報及び前記入力機器によって取得された前記自然言語発話を連携させる工程と、
をさらに含む請求項3の方法 - 前記マルチモーダル機器対話の前記決定された意図に基づいて、少なくとも一つのトランザクションリードを生成する工程と、
前記生成されたトランザクションリードに関連する少なくとも一つの追加的なマルチモーダル機器対話を受信する工程と、
前記生成されたトランザクションリードに関連する前記マルチモーダル機器対話の受信に応答して、トランザクションクリックスルーを処理する工程と、
をさらに含む請求項1の方法。 - 前記生成されたトランザクションリードが前記マルチモーダル機器対話の前記決定された意図に関連する広告又は推薦の少なくとも一つを含む請求項5の方法。
- 前記非音声対話が単数又は複数の前記電子機器に対応付けられた領域、項目、データ、又はアプリケーションの選択を含む請求項1の方法。
- 前記非音声対話が単数又は複数の前記電子機器に対応付けられた焦点又は関心の焦点の特定を含む請求項1の方法。
- 前記非音声対話が単数又は複数の前記電子機器に対応付けられた単数又は複数の固有で識別可能な対話を含む請求項1の方法。
- 単数又は複数の電子機器を含む自然言語音声サービス環境において単数又は複数のマルチモーダル機器対話を処理するシステムであって、当該システムは単数又は複数の処理装置を含み、当該単数又は複数の処理装置は、
前記電子機器の少なくとも一つ又は前記電子機器の少なくとも一つに対応付けられたアプリケーションとの非音声対話及び前記非音声対話に関連する少なくとも一つの自然言語発話を含む少なくとも一つのマルチモーダル機器対話を検出し、
前記マルチモーダル機器対話に関連するコンテクスト情報であって、前記非音声対話に関連するコンテクスト及び前記自然言語発話に関連するコンテクストを含むものを抽出し、
前記非音声対話に関連するコンテクストと前記自然言語発話に関連するコンテクストとを組み合わせ、
前記非音声対話及び前記自然言語発話に関連する前記組み合わされたコンテクストに基づいて、前記マルチモーダル機器対話の意図を決定し、
前記マルチモーダル機器対話の前記決定された意図に基づいて、少なくとも一つのリクエストを単数又は複数の前記電子機器に発出する、
ように構成されたシステム。 - 前記電子機器の少なくとも一つが前記自然言語発話を受信するように構成された入力機器を含む請求項10のシステム。
- 前記非音声対話の検出に応答して、前記入力機器に前記自然言語発話を取得するように伝達する工程をさらに含む請求項11のシステム。
- 前記処理装置が、さらに、
前記自然言語音声サービス環境において前記非音声対話を検出するように構成された単数又は複数の機器リスナーを設定し、
前記機器リスナーによって検出された前記非音声対話に関連する情報及び前記入力機器によって取得された前記自然言語発話を連携させるように構成された請求項12のシステム - 前記制御装置が、さらに、
前記マルチモーダル機器対話の前記決定された意図に基づいて、少なくとも一つのトランザクションリードを生成し、
前記生成されたトランザクションリードに関連する少なくとも一つの追加的なマルチモーダル機器対話を受信し、
前記生成されたトランザクションリードに関連する前記マルチモーダル機器対話の受信に応答して、トランザクションクリックスルーを処理するように構成された請求項10のシステム。 - 前記生成されたトランザクションリードが前記マルチモーダル機器対話の前記決定された意図に関連する広告又は推薦の少なくとも一つを含む請求項14のシステム。
- 前記非音声対話が単数又は複数の前記電子機器に対応付けられた領域、項目、データ、又はアプリケーションの選択を含む請求項10のシステム。
- 前記非音声対話が単数又は複数の前記電子機器に対応付けられた焦点又は関心の焦点の特定を含む請求項10のシステム。
- 前記非音声対話が単数又は複数の前記電子機器に対応付けられた単数又は複数の固有で識別可能な対話を含む請求項10のシステム。
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