JP2017027050A - 低損失でナノスケール構造的に均一なコアを有する光ファイバ - Google Patents
低損失でナノスケール構造的に均一なコアを有する光ファイバ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017027050A JP2017027050A JP2016144046A JP2016144046A JP2017027050A JP 2017027050 A JP2017027050 A JP 2017027050A JP 2016144046 A JP2016144046 A JP 2016144046A JP 2016144046 A JP2016144046 A JP 2016144046A JP 2017027050 A JP2017027050 A JP 2017027050A
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012681 fiber drawing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical group C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 53
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 36
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 30
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 23
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002656 O–Si–O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006240 drawn fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100040160 Rabankyrin-5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710086049 Rabankyrin-5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008051 Si-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003923 SiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006358 Si—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003518 stress fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
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- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/06—Glass compositions containing silica with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
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- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
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- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
- C03B37/01853—Thermal after-treatment of preforms, e.g. dehydrating, consolidating, sintering
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- G02B6/03627—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - +
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- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
- G02B6/0365—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - - +
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- C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
- C03B2201/50—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with alkali metals
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2015年7月24日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/196465号の優先権の利益を主張し、それは本願の出願人により所有されるものであり、その全体が参照によりここに組み込まれる。
(a)ナノスケールで構造的に均一なコア、
(b)ファイバコア及び隣接領域における広範囲な圧縮軸応力、並びに
(c)ファイバ中の光伝搬の大きな割合を支えるファイバの放射状領域の間をマッチングする粘度。
(1)カリウム(K)+塩素(Cl)
(2)ルビジウム(Rb)+塩素(Cl)
(3)ナトリウム(Na)+フッ素(F)
4(O1.5Si−O0.5(表面))+SiCl4→4(1.5OSiCl)+SiO2
メタロイド:GeO2+SiCl4→GeCl4+SiO2
金属:Fe2O3+1.5SiCl4→2FeCl3+1.5SiO2
である。
4(O1.5Si−OH(表面))+SiCl4→5SiO2+4HCl
領域311Aはアルカリなしのドーパント(例えば、ハロゲン)を含み、それは、その粘度を減少させ(ランク3に)、かつそのコアの屈折率を増加させる。
領域311Bは、有意なアルカリの濃度でドープされることによって粘度が低くなり、領域311Aの粘度と領域311Cの粘度とが合うようになる。(アルカリドーピングの粘度降下の効果は、ドーピング前に高い粘度を有する領域311Bにて最も顕著である。一方、アルカリドーピングは、領域311C及び311Aの粘度をさらに減少させるのにはあまり効果がなく、それはすでに他のドーパントの存在で軽減されているからである。)
領域311A及び311Bは、有意な量のアルカリでドープされており、領域311Cの粘度に合うように低い粘度となる。
<D2欠陥線強度の定量化>
ここで、D2欠陥線強度を定量化するのに用いられる方法論を記載する。
プリフォームは、そのプリフォームから線引きされたファイバの外径よりもはるかに大きな外径を有しているので、プリフォームでのドーパント濃度測定は、線引きされたファイバにおける測定よりも正確なデータを示すのが一般的である。ドーパントがプリフォーム中心付近に堆積されており、かつ考えられる全ての熱履歴にて、堆積したドーパントはプリフォーム又はファイバから蒸発しないので、所与のドーパントの平均ドーパント濃度は一定に保たれる。
上述の記載は当業者が本発明を実施できる程度に詳細な説明を含むが、上記記載は性質上例示的なものであり、それらの多くの変更及び変形はこれらの教示の利益を有する当業者には明らかであることが理解されるべきである。したがって、ここでの発明は専ら添付の特許請求の範囲によって規定され、かつ特許請求の範囲は先行技術によって許容されるのと同程度に広く解釈されることが意図される。
Claims (13)
- コア領域及び周囲のクラッド領域を含む複数の同心のファイバ領域を備え、該複数の同心のファイバ領域は、選択された屈折率プロファイルを形成するように構成されたそれぞれの量及び径方向位置で、1つ以上の屈折率変更ドーパントでドープされており、
前記コア領域は、約600cm−1の周波数シフトを有するラマンスペクトルにおいて前記ファイバが0.025未満の積分したD2線欠陥強度を有するナノスケール構造体を有するように構成されたそれぞれの量で、1つ以上の粘度降下ドーパントでドープされている、光ファイバ。 - 前記コア領域が、ある量のPドーパント、Clドーパント及びFドーパントでドープされており、
前記Pドーパントの量が0.2%と2%の間であり、
前記Clドーパントの量が0ppmと15000ppmの間であり、
前記Fドーパントの量が0ppmと150000ppmの間である、請求項1に記載の光ファイバ。 - 前記コア領域が、ある量のKドーパント、Clドーパント及びPドーパントでドープされており、
前記Kドーパントの量が5ppmと2000ppmの間であり、
前記Clドーパントの量が100ppmと15000ppmの間であり、
前記Pドーパントの量が0%と2%の間である、請求項1に記載の光ファイバ。 - 前記コア領域が、ある量のRbドーパント、Clドーパント及びPドーパントでドープされており、
前記Rbドーパントの量が5ppmと2000ppmの間であり、
前記Clドーパントの量が100ppmと15000ppmの間であり、
前記Pドーパントの量が0%と2%の間である、請求項1に記載の光ファイバ。 - 前記コア領域が、ある量のNaドーパント、Fドーパント及びPドーパントでドープされており、
前記Naドーパントの量が5ppmと2000ppmの間であり、
前記Fドーパントの量が100ppmと15000ppmの間であり、
前記Pドーパントの量が0%と2%の間である、請求項1に記載の光ファイバ。 - 選択された屈折率プロファイルを形成するように構成されたそれぞれの量及び径方向位置で1つ以上の屈折率変更ドーパントでドープされたコア領域及び周囲のクラッド領域を含む複数の同心のファイバ領域を備え、
前記コア領域は、前記ファイバが20MPaよりも大きい応力の大きさ及びコア半径の2倍と7倍の間の応力の径方向範囲を有する残留軸圧縮応力を有するように構成されたそれぞれの量で、1つ以上の粘度降下ドーパントでドープされている、光ファイバ。 - 前記コア領域が、ある量のKドーパント、Clドーパント及びPドーパントでドープされており、
前記Kドーパントの量が5ppmと2000ppmの間であり、
前記Clドーパントの量が100ppmと15000ppmの間であり、
前記Pドーパントの量が0%と2%の間である、請求項6に記載の光ファイバ。 - 前記コア領域が、ある量のRbドーパント、Clドーパント及びPドーパントでドープされており、
前記Rbドーパントの量が5ppmと2000ppmの間であり、
前記Clドーパントの量が100ppmと15000ppmの間であり、
前記Pドーパントの量が0%と2%の間である、請求項6に記載の光ファイバ。 - 前記コア領域が、ある量のNaドーパント、Fドーパント及びPドーパントでドープされており、
前記Naドーパントの量が5ppmと2000ppmの間であり、
前記Fドーパントの量が100ppmと15000ppmの間であり、
前記Pドーパントの量が0%と2%の間である、請求項6に記載の光ファイバ。 - 選択された屈折率プロファイルを形成するように構成されたそれぞれの量及び径方向位置で1つ以上の屈折率変更ドーパントでドープされたコア領域、ペデスタル領域、内側トレンチ領域、及び周囲のクラッド領域を含む複数の同心のファイバ領域を備え、
前記ファイバを通過する光の伝搬の大部分が、前記コア領域及び1つ以上の隣接クラッド領域を備えるファイバ領域の同定されたグループによって支えられており、
前記ファイバ領域は、選択された線引き温度でのファイバ線引き中に、ファイバ領域の前記同定されたグループの前記ファイバ領域間で粘度マッチングを実現するように構成されたそれぞれの量及び径方向位置で、1つ以上の粘度降下ドーパントでドープされている、光ファイバ。 - 前記ファイバが、ある量の粘度降下Kドーパント及びClドーパントでドープされており、
前記Kドーパントの量が5ppmと2000ppmの間であり、
前記Clドーパントの量が100ppmと15000ppmの間である、請求項10に記載の光ファイバ。 - 前記ファイバが、ある量の粘度降下Rbドーパント、Clドーパント及びPドーパントでドープされており、
前記Rbドーパントの量が5ppmと2000ppmの間であり、
前記Clドーパントの量が100ppmと15000ppmの間であり、
前記Pドーパントの量が0%と2%の間である、請求項10に記載の光ファイバ。 - 前記ファイバが、ある量の粘度降下Naドーパント及びFドーパントでドープされており、
前記Naドーパントの量が5ppmと2000ppmの間であり、
前記Fドーパントの量が100ppmと150000ppmの間である、請求項10に記載の光ファイバ。
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