JP2016528424A - 選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システム - Google Patents
選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システム Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2067—Urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/14—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel burner
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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Abstract
Description
選択的還元触媒低減装置において、尿素を還元剤として還元剤を噴射する装置を、還元剤噴射システム(Urea Dosing System)と呼ぶ。
還元剤熱分解システムを用いてアンモニア(NH3)を噴射する方式は、排気ガスの温度が約250℃未満である場合に適用される。エンジン、ボイラ、焼却器などから排出される排気ガスの温度は、250℃未満であると知られている。
加熱装置において還元剤の温度を400℃〜600℃の水準に加熱し、加熱された還元剤を分解チャンバに供給する。
加熱された還元剤が噴射されると、還元剤は、分解チャンバ内の熱によってアンモニア(NH3)とイソシアン酸(HNCO)に熱分解される。分解されたアンモニアとイソシアン酸は、排気ガスダクト内に設けられたアンモニアインジェクショングリッドにより反応器に供給される。
しなし、還元剤熱分解システムを用いたアンモニア噴射方式においては、還元剤直接噴射方式に比べて、所要の部品点数が多くなり、上述した多くの構成要素を配置する必要があるため、占有空間が増加する問題点がある。
また、従来公知の還元剤熱分解システムにおいては、ブロワ(Blower)と加熱装置(Heating Device)を駆動するため、追加的にエネルギ(電力、燃料、空気圧)及びコストがかかるという問題点がある。
また、本発明に係る選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システムにおける、前記ミキサーユニット80には、酸化触媒(TiO2)のコーティングを施すことができる。
また、本発明に係る選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システムでは、前記還元剤は、尿素水溶液であり、前記尿素水溶液が前記インナーパイプユニット20の内部においてアンモニア(NH3)とイソシアン酸(HNCO)とに熱分解される。
なお、他の実施例の具体的な内容は、詳細な説明及び図面に含まれている。
以下、添付の図面を参照して本発明の実施形態について詳述する。後述の実施形態は、本発明の理解を助けるために例示的に示すものであり、本発明は、後述の実施形態を種々変形して実施されることができる。但し、本発明を説明するにあたって、公知の機能又は構成要素に関する具体的な説明が本発明の要旨をぼやかすおそれがあると判断される場合は、その詳細な説明及び具体的な図示を省略する。なお、添付の図面は、発明の理解を容易にするため、実サイズで示されず、一部の構成要素の大きさが誇張して示されている。
また、本実施形態例に係る還元剤熱分解システムは、加熱装置と熱分解チャンバとが排気ダクトに設けられ、排気ガスの一部を加熱し、高温の状況下で還元剤の噴射が行われるようになっている。加熱装置60としては、各種のバーナを用いることができ、熱分解チャンバの機能は、インナーパイプユニット20によって行われる。また、排気ダクトには、エルボダクト10の出入口の両端が連結されている。
以下、図1及び図2を参照して、本実施形態に係る選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システムについて説明する。
添付の図1及び図2は、本実施形態に係る選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システムを説明するための斜視図及び断面図である。
即ち、オリフィスユニット40は、排気ガスがホール42を通過するときに圧力を上昇させ、排気ガスが第1のインナーパイプ22へ流入されるように誘導する作用を有する。
エルボダクト10に排気ガスが流入されると、排気ガスの一部は、インナーパイプユニット20の内に流入される。
反応器においては、触媒により排気ガスに含まれた窒素酸化物(NOx)と反応して、窒素(N2)と水(H2O)とに分解される。
上述の設定温度t1は、燃料に含有された硫黄含有量又はシステム処理方式(Arrangement)によって変化する。
他方、本実施形態に係る選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システムによれば、排気ガスの流入量を制御することができ、これにより、排気ガスの汚染程度及び還元剤を、適切な混合比率で混合させることができ、還元剤がインナーパイプユニット20の内部から漏れ出すことなく熱分解が行われ、熱分解効率が高くなる。
12,14 第1、第2のメインパイプ
16 引き込みパイプ
18 排出パイプ
20 インナーパイプユニット
22,24 第1、第2のインナーパイプ
30 バルブユニット
32 バルブプレート
40 オリフィスユニット
50 サポータフレーム
60 加熱装置
70 ノズル
80 ミキサーユニット
P1,P2,P3 第1、第2、第3の温度センサ
Claims (9)
- 反応器の前端において排気ダクトに設けられ、排気ガスが流入され、流入された排気ガスを前記反応器側に排出させるエルボダクト10と、
前記エルボダクト10の内部に配置され、排気ガスの一部を流入および排出させるインナーパイプユニット20と、
該インナーパイプユニット20に設けられ、当該インナーパイプユニット20に流入された排気ガスを加熱する加熱装置60と、
前記インナーパイプユニット20に設けられ、排気ガスの流れを基準に前記加熱装置60の後端側に配置され、前記インナーパイプユニット20の内に還元剤を噴射するノズル70とを備える選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システム。 - 前記エルボダクト10は、第1のメインパイプ12と第2のメインパイプ14とが、直角又は鈍角で配置して連結され、
前記第1および第2のメインパイプ12,14は、前記排気ダクトの大きさより大きくなっていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システム。 - 前記第1のメインパイプ12の内部には、オリフィスユニット40がさらに設けられ、
該オリフィスユニット40には、ホール42が形成され、
前記インナーパイプユニット20の排気ガス流入側の端部は、前記ホール42の内に配置されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システム。 - 前記インナーパイプユニット20において排気ガス流入側に設けられるバルブユニット30をさらに備え、
該バルブユニット30の開閉制御によって前記インナーパイプユニット20に流入される排気ガスの流量を制御することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項3に記載の選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システム。 - 前記インナーパイプユニット20において排気ガス排出側に設けられるミキサーユニット80をさらに備え、
該ミキサーユニット80によって還元剤と排気ガスとが混合されることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項3に記載の選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システム。 - 前記ミキサーユニット80には、酸化触媒(TiO2)のコーティングが施されていることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システム。
- 前記加熱装置60の作用によって前記インナーパイプユニット20に流入された排気ガスが450〜600℃に加熱されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システム。
- 前記還元剤は、尿素水溶液であり、前記尿素水溶液が前記インナーパイプユニット20の内部においてアンモニア(NH3)とイソシアン酸(HNCO)とに熱分解されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システム。
- 前記エルボダクト10に流入される排気ガスの温度が設定温度t1より高いときは、前記加熱装置60は稼動しなくなり、前記還元剤が前記反応器側に向かって噴射されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の選択的触媒還元装置の還元剤熱分解システム。
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PCT/KR2013/011298 WO2014208841A1 (ko) | 2013-06-28 | 2013-12-06 | 선택적 촉매 환원장치의 환원제 열분해 시스템 |
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JP6395824B2 (ja) | 2018-09-26 |
WO2014208841A1 (ko) | 2014-12-31 |
KR101461325B1 (ko) | 2014-11-13 |
US20160129397A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
DK3015669T3 (en) | 2018-06-18 |
US9873084B2 (en) | 2018-01-23 |
EP3015669A4 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
EP3015669A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
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CN105339619B (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
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