JP2016522205A - ニューロピリンに特異的な腫瘍浸透性ペプチド及びこのペプチドが融合された融合タンパク質 - Google Patents
ニューロピリンに特異的な腫瘍浸透性ペプチド及びこのペプチドが融合された融合タンパク質 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
ニューロピリンとコレセプターの作用はニューロピリンのみをターゲッティングした時にも抑制される事例が報告されている。例えば、抗−ニューロピリン1抗体の場合、VEGFR2とニューロピリン1に結合することで知られたVEGA−Aに対して、ニューロピリン1との結合にのみ競合的に結合することで、VEGFR2の作用である新血管生成(angiogenesis)、細胞生存、移動/付着(migration & adhesion)及び浸潤(invasion)の抑制機能を有することが報告されている(Pan Q et al. 2007)。抗−ニューロピリン2抗体の場合、VEGFR3とニューロピリン2に同時に結合することで知られたVEGA−Cに対して、ニューロピリン2との結合に競合的に結合し、VEGFR3の作用であるリンパ管形成(lymphangiogenesis)及び細胞付着(adhesion)の抑制機能を有することが報告されている(Caunt M et al. 2008)。
ニューロピリンに特異的に結合するペプチドを類推するために、ニューロピリンと結合することで知られたリガンド、すなわち、血管内皮成長因子−A、B、C、D(Vascular endothelial cell growth factor:VEGF−A、B、C、D)、セマフォリン3−A、B、C、D、E、F(Semaphorin class3)、線維芽細胞増殖因子−2(fibroblast growth factor−2:FGF2)、肝細胞生長因子(Hepatocyte growth factor:HGF)及びガレクチン−1(galectin−1)の配列を分析した。
前記実施例1から考案された4種のペプチド配列をヒト抗体IgG1の不変部位領域FcのC−末端に導入するためのリンカーの長さを実験するために、グリシン、セリン及びアラニンで構成される4個のアミノ酸または15個のアミノ酸からなるリンカーを選抜した。選抜されたリンカーは、GAGA及び(GGGGS)3の配列を有する。これに対するクローン名称及び配列情報は、下記表4に示した。
HEK293−Fシステム(Invitrogen)を使用して前記実施例2で構築された各々のFc−TPPをエンコードするプラスミド(図4)を一時的トランスフェクション(transient transfection)を利用してタンパク質を発現させた。振とうフラスコで、無血清FreeStyle 293発現培地(Invitrogen)で浮遊成長するHEK293−F細胞(Invitrogen)をプラスミド及びポリエチレンアミン(Polyethylenimine、PEI)(Polyscience)の混合物でトランスフェクションした。振とうフラスコ(Corning)に200mLトランスフェクションするとき、HEK293−F細胞を2.0E*6細胞/mlの密度で培地100mlに播種し、120rpm、8%CO2で培養した。その後、Fc−TPPをエンコードするプラスミドを10ml FreeStyle 293発現培地(Invitrogen)に250μg(2.5μg/ml)に希釈し、PEI750μg(7.5μg/ml)を希釈した10mlの培地と混合して室温で10分間反応させた。その後、反応させた混合培地に前に100mlで播種した細胞を入れて4時間、120rpm、8%CO2で培養した後、残り100mlのFreeStyle 293発現培地を追加して7日間培養した。上清液を7日後に採取した。
精製されたFc−TPPのニューロピリン1及び2のb1b2ドメイン(Neuropilin(NRP)1/2−b1b1 domain)に対する結合能をELISA(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)で確認した。
Fc−TPPのニューロピリン1及び2のb1b2ドメインに対する結合特異性を確認するために、対照群である血管内皮細胞生長因子(VEGF165A)及びセマフォリン3Aとの競合結合ELISAを実行した。
Fc−TPPのニューロピリン1及び2のb1b2ドメインに対する結合力をより詳しく確認するために、SPR(Surface plasmon resonance)を実行した。Biacore2000器機(GE healthcare)を利用し、ELISA上で結合能が確認されたVEGF165、セマフォリン3F、セマフォリン3A、Fc−4A22、Fc−4F22、Fc−15A22、Fc−15F22、Fc−15A22p及びFc−15F22pのニューロピリン1及び2のb1b2ドメインに対する結合力を分析した。
まず、この実験においてTPPの生物学的同定のために使用された細胞株表面のニューロピリン1及び2の発現程度を確認するために、FACS分析を実行した。
他のニューロピリンリガンドの細胞流入能のように、Fc−TPPもニューロピリン1またはニューロピリン2により細胞内流入能を有しているかを確認するために、細胞内に流入するか否か、及びニューロピリン1及び2と共局在(co−localization)するか否かを共焦点顕微鏡(confocal microscopy)で観察した。
(1)Fc−TPPのHUVECでの生物学的機構を調べるためのウエスタンブロット
セマフォリン3AまたはVEGF165Aは、ニューロピリン1(NRP1)をコレセプター(co−receptor)として利用して血管透過能(vascular permeability)を向上させることで知られている。このような過程で、内皮細胞のVE(vascular endothelial)−カドヘリン(cadherin)の減少、リン酸化などの変化が起きるようになる。すなわち、VE−カドヘリンまたはE(Epithelial)−カドヘリンは、内皮細胞と上皮細胞の間の接着結合の基礎を形成して内皮細胞間の接着に関与するようになり、この分子の変化は、接着結合の稠密さを緩和させて血管の透過性を高め、細胞内透過能を向上させる。
前記実験結果に基づいて、血管内皮細胞の透過能が向上するか否かを確認するための実験として、単一ペプチド及びFc−TPPを処理してトランスウェルアッセイ(Transwell assay)を実行した。
前記実施例9の(1)〜(2)では、in vitro上でFc−TPPが血管内皮細胞の透過能を向上させることを確認した。したがって、マウスモデルでFc−TPPの透過能の向上を確認するためにIHC(Immunohistochemistry)実験を実行した。
追加的に、血管透過能の向上をin vivoでも確認するために、エバンスブルーアッセイ(Evans Blue assay)を実行した。実験方法では、Balb/cヌードマウス(NARABIO、4週齢、female)にFaDu cellをマウス当たり5x106個の細胞を皮下注射で注入し、約10日余り後に腫瘍の体積が約500mm3程度になった時、1mgのEvans Blue(Sigma)と各々PBS、Fc、Fc−15A22Pを7.5mg/kgで静脈注射した。対照群としては、VEGF165A(400ng)、Semaphorin3A(400ng)を同一条件で注射した。40分後、マウスの心臓を通じて1%のBSAをとかしたPBSで貫流させて、腫瘍組織を摘出した(図11の(D))。そして、1mlの2,2N−methylaformamide(Sigma)に入れて37℃で一晩、軽い振とう(mild shaking)条件で反応させた。その後、遠心分離通じて上清液を得て吸光度(600nm)を測定し、Evans Blueが透過された量を定量化した。
TPPの効果を癌細胞でも確認するために、ヒト頭頸部癌細胞株であるFaDuで、前記実験と同じ条件でE−カドヘリンの変化をウエスタンブロットで確認した。
(1)Fc−15A22PのHUVECでのチューブ形成抑制能の確認のためのチューブ形成アッセイ(tube formation assay)
VEGF165Aは、ニューロピリン1をコレセプターとして利用して新生血管を形成(angiogenesis)させることが知られている。これに基づいて、新生血管形成をin vitroで確認することができる実験方法として、チューブ形成アッセイを実行した。実験方法では、50μlのECMatrixを96ウェルプレートに注入し、37℃で2時間ポリマー化した。2時間後に、HUVEC細胞をEBM(Endothelial basal medium、PromoCell)培地を利用して懸濁し、VEGF165A(20ng/ml)、Fc、Fc−15A22P(1μM)と交ぜてECMatrix上にウェル当たり1x104個ずつプレーティングして8時間培養した。培養された細胞を顕微鏡で観察して画像を得た。
追加的に、新生血管形成抑制能をin vivoでも確認するために、マトリゲルプラグアッセイを実行した。実験方法は、6〜8週齢のbalb/cヌードマウスの皮下にマウス当たりA431 cell 7.5x106個の細胞と80μgのFcまたはFc−15A22P、そして、0.4mlのマトリゲル(Matrigel、BD Biosciences)を注入した後、9日後にマトリゲルプラグを摘出し、次の画像を撮影した後(図12の(B))、凍結切片方法で20μmの厚さで切って、免疫組織化学(Immunohistochemistry)実験を実行した。1次抗体であるCD31抗体とこれを認識するTRITC(赤色蛍光)が結合された2次抗体で血管を染色し、血管の密度を測定した。図12の(B)は、Fc−15A22Pがマウス生体内でVEGF165Aにより誘導される血管の形成を抑制することができることを確認した結果である。
(1)mAb−TPPの生産のためのベクター及び発現、精製
前記実施例9で、in vitro及びin vivoにおいてFc−TPPが血管内皮細胞の透過能を向上させることを確認した。したがって、マウスモデルでTPPの効果を検証するためのフォーマットとして抗体のFc末端にTPPを融合した。
SPR(Surface plasmon resonance)を通じてmAb−TPPが既存抗体の抗原結合能と結合親和度を維持するかを確認するために、CM5チップの上にEGFR、Her2を約1000RUほど固定化した。30μl/minの速度で流れるHBS−EP緩衝液[10mM Hepes、3mM エチレンジアミン四酢酸及び0.005%のsurfactant P20(pH7.4)、GE Healthcare]で分析した。結合、解離を分析した後、CM5チップの再生(regeneration)は、緩衝液(20mM NaOH、1M NaCl、pH10.0)を30μl/minの流速で1分間流して施行した。mAb(Cetuximab、Trastuzumab)及びmAb−TPP(Cetuximab−TPP、Trastuzumab−TPP)の結合3分、解離3分から得られた各センサーグラム(sensorgram)は、空白セル(Blank cell)と比較して規格化(normalization)及び減算(Subtraction)して親和度を計算した。その結果を表9に示す。表9に示したように、CetuximabのEGFRに対する親和度が他の文献とほとんど類似に分析され、Cetuximab−TPPがCetuximabと比較してEGFRに対する親和度が類似に分析された。また、TrastuzumabのHer2に対する親和度が他の文献とほとんど類似に分析され、Trastuzumab−TPPがTrastuzumabと比較してHer2に対する親和度が類似に分析された。mAbにTPPを融合した時、既存の抗体の抗原結合には何の影響も与えないことを確認した。分析時に少なくとも5個のセンサーグラムを利用して分析し、2回実行して得た結果を統計処理した。±は、独立的な実験結果の標準偏差値を示す。
Sandwich ELISAを実行してmAb−TPPの二重結合能を確認した。
SPR(Surface plasmon resonance)を通じてmAb−TPPが既存抗体のFc受容体に対する結合能が維持されるかを確認するために、FcγRIIa、FcγRIIIa、FcγRIIIb、FcRnに対する親和度を分析した。FcγRIIa、FcγRIIIa、FcγRIIIbに対しては、前記実施例6と同一の方法を実行した。FcRnに対しては、野生型抗体の場合、pH6.0でのみFcRnに結合し、pH7.4では、結合しない特性を有する。親和度の分析のために、pH6.0の条件で、mAb及びmAb−TPPのFcRnに対するSPRを実行した。CM5チップ上にFcRnを約1000RUほど固定化した。30μl/minの速度で流れるPBST緩衝液[pH6.0、137mM NaCl、10mM Phosphate、2.7mM KCl、0.005% surfactant P20、SIGMA−ALDRICH co.,USA]で分析した。結合、解離を分析した後、CM5チップの再生(regeneration)は、HBS−EP緩衝液[10mM Hepes、3mM エチレンジアミン四酢酸及び0.005% surfactant P20(pH8.0)、GE Healthcare]を30μl/minの流速で1分間流して施行した。mAb(Cetuximab、Trastuzumab)及びmAb−TPP(Cetuximab−TPP、Trastuzumab−TPP)の結合3分、解離3分から得られた各センサーグラム(sensorgram)は、空白セル(Blank cell)と比較して規格化(normalization)及び減算(Subtraction)して親和度を計算した。その結果を表10に示した。
前記実験で構築されたIgG−TPPの腫瘍組織内の抗体浸透を確認するために、Balb/cヌードマウスに各々FaDuとA431をマウス当たり5x106個の細胞を皮下注射で注入し、約9日後に腫瘍の体積が約300〜400mm3程度になった時、各々PBS、Cetuximab、Cetuximab−15A22Pを2.5mg/kgで静脈注射した。注射後、各々3時間、12時間後にマウスから腫瘍を摘出し、免疫組織化学実験を実行した。実施例9と同様に組織を染色して観察した。
前記の結果、TPPの組織内浸透能向上効果によるマウスでの癌細胞成長阻害を確認した。In vitroで、TPP自体が細胞毒性を有するかを確認するため、前記実験で使用した細胞株であるFaDuとSK−OV−3にFc−TPPとmAb-TPPを各々処理して細胞成長阻害の程度を評価した。
本発明の一様態は、ニューロピリンに特異的に結合する腫瘍浸透性ペプチド(TPP、Tumor tissu−penetrating peptide)を提供することである。
2)前記製造された発現ベクターを細胞に形質転換して組換えFc−TPPタンパク質を発現する段階;及び
3)前記発現された組換えFc−TPPタンパク質を精製、回収する段階。
2)前記製造された重鎖、軽鎖発現ベクターを細胞に共同形質転換して組換えIgG−TPPタンパク質を発現する段階;及び
3)前記発現された組換えIgG−TPPタンパク質を精製、回収する段階。
Claims (27)
- 配列番号1〜4からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列で表示されることを特徴とするニューロピリン(neuropilin)に特異的に結合する腫瘍浸透性ペプチド。
- 前記ペプチドは、セマフォリン3Aまたは3F由来ペプチド、またはその誘導体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の腫瘍浸透性ペプチド。
- 前記ペプチドは、リンカーペプチドをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の腫瘍浸透性ペプチド。
- 前記リンカーペプチドは、1〜50のアミノ酸からなることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の腫瘍浸透性ペプチド。
- 前記リンカーペプチドは、グリシン(glycine)、セリン(serine)またはアラニン(alanine)で構成されることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の腫瘍浸透性ペプチド。
- 前記リンカーペプチドは、(GA)nまたは(GGGGS)mのアミノ酸配列からなり、ここで、n及びmは、各々独立的に整数1〜20であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の腫瘍浸透性ペプチド。
- 前記腫瘍浸透性ペプチドは、配列番号5〜10からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列で構成されたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の腫瘍浸透性ペプチド。
- 請求項1〜請求項7のうちいずれか1項に記載の腫瘍浸透性ペプチドが融合された融合タンパク質。
- 前記タンパク質は、抗体、抗体の断片、兔疫グロブリン、ペプチド、酵素、成長因子(growth factor)、サイトカイン(cytokine)、転写因子、毒素、抗原性ペプチド、ホルモン、運搬タンパク質、運動機能タンパク質、受容体、信号(signaling)タンパク質、保存タンパク質、膜タンパク質、膜貫通(transmembrane)タンパク質、内部(internal)タンパク質、外部(external)タンパク質、分泌タンパク質、ウイルスタンパク質、糖タンパク質、切断されたタンパク質、タンパク質複合体及び化学的に改質されたタンパク質からなる群より選択されたものであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の腫瘍浸透性ペプチドが融合された融合タンパク質。
- 前記腫瘍浸透性ペプチドは、ニューロピリンに2価(bivalent)以上に結合することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 前記融合は、リンカーペプチドによることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のペプチドが融合された融合タンパク質。
- 前記タンパク質が抗体の場合、抗体断片は、抗体の重鎖不変領域(Fc)、抗原結合断片(antigen binding fragment(Fab))、単一鎖抗体断片(single chain variable fragment(scFv))、重鎖可変領域、軽鎖不変領域または軽鎖可変領域であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 前記タンパク質が抗体の場合、ペプチドは、抗体の重鎖不変領域(Fc)のC−末端に結合されることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 前記結合は、リンカーペプチドによることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 前記抗体は、IgG、IgM、IgA、IgD及びIgEからなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 請求項1〜請求項7のうちいずれか1項に記載の腫瘍浸透性ペプチドが融合されたナノ粒子。
- 前記腫瘍浸透性ペプチドは、ニューロピリンに2価(bivalent)以上に結合することを特徴とする請求項16に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記融合は、リンカーペプチドによることを特徴とする請求項16に記載のペプチドが融合されたナノ粒子。
- 請求項1〜請求項7のうちいずれか1項に記載の腫瘍浸透性ペプチドが融合されたリポソーム。
- 前記腫瘍浸透性ペプチドは、ニューロピリンに2価(bivalent)以上に結合することを特徴とする請求項19に記載のリポソーム。
- 前記融合は、リンカーペプチドによることを特徴とする請求項19に記載のペプチドが融合されたリポソーム。
- 請求項1〜請求項7のうちいずれか1項に記載の腫瘍浸透性ペプチドが融合された小分子薬物。
- 配列番号1〜10からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列で表示されたペプチドをコーディングするポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項1〜請求項7のうちいずれか1項に記載のペプチドを含むことを特徴とする癌または新生血管関連疾患の治療または予防用薬学的組成物。
- 請求項8に記載の融合タンパク質、請求項16に記載のナノ粒子、請求項19に記載のリポソームまたは請求項22に記載の小分子薬物を含むことを特徴とする癌または新生血管関連疾病の治療または予防用薬学的組成物。
- 請求項1〜請求項7のうちいずれか1項に記載のペプチドを含む癌または新生血管関連疾患の診断用組成物。
- 請求項8に記載の融合タンパク質、請求項16に記載のナノ粒子、請求項19に記載のリポソームまたは請求項22に記載の小分子薬物を含むことを特徴とする癌または新生血管関連疾患の診断用組成物。
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KR101551299B1 (ko) | 2015-09-10 |
EP3000825A1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
KR20140138539A (ko) | 2014-12-04 |
JP2018134109A (ja) | 2018-08-30 |
US9975933B2 (en) | 2018-05-22 |
EP3000825A4 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
US20160130315A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
JP6391676B2 (ja) | 2018-09-19 |
WO2014189303A1 (ko) | 2014-11-27 |
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