JP2016519155A - 無機物コーティングを持つ固体ナノ粒子 - Google Patents
無機物コーティングを持つ固体ナノ粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016519155A JP2016519155A JP2016514445A JP2016514445A JP2016519155A JP 2016519155 A JP2016519155 A JP 2016519155A JP 2016514445 A JP2016514445 A JP 2016514445A JP 2016514445 A JP2016514445 A JP 2016514445A JP 2016519155 A JP2016519155 A JP 2016519155A
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- nanoparticles
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- inorganic
- oxide
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Abstract
Description
−薬物の使用を効率よくし副作用も減少させる、長時間にわたってかつ周期的な制御薬物放出;
−ベヒクルが血液脳、胎盤のような関門及び消化器の障壁を通過できるようにする、異なった物質を指向するための薬物ベヒクルの表面特性及びサイズを調整する能力;
−適当な酸化物の薄くて完全に無傷な層を適用することにより水溶性の乏しい薬物を水溶性に転換できること;
−通常80%より高い極めて高い薬物負荷を達成できること;
−固体薬物を有利に使用できること;
−カプセル化材料が生分解性であること;
−異なった種類の薬物粒子が同一の層又はシェルに提供されるので、薬物の配合経路が標準化できて、薬物の取り扱いが容易になりかつ配合の費用が低減できること;
−カプセル化に起因して保存期間が延びること;
−全薬物送達系が、比較的短期間後に治療された患者の身体から容易に排出される成分から構成されること;
−薬物放出時間を広い範囲(数分から週)にわたって変動させ得ること;
を提供できることである。
無機物質の1又はそれより多い層を、複数の前記固体コアに、無機物質、又は無機物質を形成するための前駆体が気相中に存在する適用方法によって適用し、そして
前記固体コアを、無機物質の層(1又は複数)の適用中及び/又は適用の間に撹拌にかける
ことを含んでなる。
(i)無機物質を、生物学的に活性な物質を含んでなる複数の固体コアに適用し、
(ii)複数の固体コアを撹拌にかけ、
(iii)工程(i)を少なくとも1回繰り返すこと
を含んでなる。
(i)無機物質を、複数の固体コアに適用し、
(ii)複数の固体コアを撹拌にかけ、
(iii)工程(i)をn回繰り返し、ここにおいて、nは、少なくとも1の整数であり、そして
(iv)nが少なくとも2の整数である場合、少なくとも数回の工程(i)後に、工程(ii)を繰返すこと
を含んでなる。
(a)ガス状態にある第1の前駆体を、コートされる固体ナノ粒子(固体コア)で前もって充填された反応器に導入し;
(b)未反応の又は未吸着の前駆体及びガス状の反応副生成物を除去するために、反応器をパージ及び/又は排気し;
(c)ナノ粒子を、第2の前駆体に暴露して、第1の前駆体の反応に対して再び表面を活性化し;
(d)反応器をパージ及び/又は排気し、そして所望のコーティングの厚さを達成するために、所望により工程(a)〜(d)を繰返すこと;
を含んでなる。
本発明のナノ粒子は、少なくとも1の生物学的に活性な物質(更に生物学的に活性な成分とも呼ばれる)を、場合により1又はそれより多い他の物質、例えば、賦形剤又は他の生物学的に活性な成分と混合されて、含んでなる。
ナノ粒子は、無機物コーティングを、典型的には0.1nm〜5000nm、例えば0.1nm〜500nm、又は0.1nm〜100nmの厚さの範囲で含んでなる。例えば、コーティングは、0.1〜50nm、又は0.2〜20nm、例えば0.5〜10nmの範囲の厚さを有することができる。コーティングは、ナノ粒子の表面積の少なくとも一部にわたって本質的に均一な厚さであることができる。接触孔が形成されてコートされた場合、コーティングの厚さは、例えば先に示した範囲内で変化することができる。
Z−Y−H*+M1Xn → Z−Y−M1X*+HX (A1)
Z−Y−M1X*+H2O → Z−Y−M1OH*+HX (B1)
を使用して調製できる。
無機物コーティングを適用する前に、ナノ粒子コアは、1又はそれより多い準備表面処理にかけることができる。従って、種々の化学成分の1又はそれより多い中間層を、例えば蒸着処理中の前駆体との所望しない反応からコアを保護し、コーティング効率を向上し、又はナノ粒子コアの凝集を減少するために、ナノ粒子コアの表面に適用することができる。無機物コーティングは、ナノ粒子に本質的に完全なコーティングを提供しなければならないが、中間層は完全なコーティングを提供する必要はないことは理解されるべきである。
本発明のナノ粒子において、活性成分(1又は複数)を含有するコアは、適当には無機物コーティングによって完全にコートされている。無機物コーティングの外部表面を、例えば、1又はそれより多い化学部分、例えばナノ粒子が投与される対象(例えば哺乳動物、例えばヒト)の体内のナノ粒子の指向された送達を向上する化合物又は化合物の部分のコーティングの外部表面への結合によって、誘導又は官能化することができることは意図されている。このような化合物は、例えばポリマー、ペプチド、抗体等であることができる。
一つの側面によれば、本発明は、医学の分野における、例えば治療における又は診断のツールとして使用するための本明細書中で定義されるナノ粒子に関する。本発明のコートされたナノ粒子によって、以前には正確に配合することが困難であったか又は乏しい体内分散によって妨げられ得た乏しい溶解性の化合物を含む、大きい多様性の医薬的に活性な化合物を配合することが可能になるものである。例えば、本発明のナノ粒子中に含まれる活性成分に依存して、本発明のナノ粒子は、疾患、例えば各種の癌、炎症性疾患、神経変性疾患、自己免疫疾患等の治療において使用することができる。
薬物の粉末は、100nmの粒度を有する。この薬物に伴う問題は、患者に経口投与してそしてその最適な医薬効果を維持できないことである。比較的不活性なナノ粒子として薬物が体内の目的地に薬物の放出の前に達することができれば、より好ましい。これを達成するために、アルミナ(Al2O3)の薄いコーティングがALDを使用して粒子/粉末に適用される。アルミナは、粉末が体内で直接溶解することを防止し、そしてコーティングの厚さがどれくらいの長く溶解が続くかを決定する。アルミナの溶解は、酸性pHでも中性pHでも、塩化物イオンの存在によるであろう。
薬物の粉末は1000nmの粒度を有する。この薬物に伴う問題は、表面が極性の官能基によって終止しており、それが細胞膜を通るのを防止していることである。二酸化チタン(TiO2)の薄いコーティングを粒子の表面に適用することによって、酸化チタンがその表面に薬物以外のもう一つの化学組成を提供するために、この問題を回避できる。
薬物の粉末は100nmのサイズを有する。この薬物に伴う問題は、指向化又は他の機能のために所望の分子で修飾できないことである。それら粒子をアルミナ(Al2O3)の薄膜でコートすると、指向化又は他の機能のための所望の分子がそのコーティングの上にカップリングし、この問題を回避することができる。
薬物の粉末は200nmのサイズを有する。粉末を、Tween 80 の水溶液と混合し、そして乾燥させる。界面活性剤で処理された表面を持つ粉末に、アルミナ(Al2O3)の薄膜を適用する。
フェロジピン(即ち、(RS)−4−(2,3−ジクロロフェニル)−2,6−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリジン−3,5−ジカルボン酸3−エチル5−メチル)の粒子の粉末(0.3g、概略粒子サイズ150nm)を、5cm2のトレイに入れ、そしてトレイをALD反応室に導入した。反応器を50〜100℃の温度に加熱した。ALDをトリメチルアルミニウム及び水をALD前駆体として使用して行った。50回のALDサイクルを、1〜10秒のALDパルス長で行った。得られた生成物は、個々の粒子間の接触の点を除いて、約3nmの厚さのコーティングを有する粒子からなっていた。
パラセタモール(即ち、N−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)アセトアミド)の粒子の粉末(0.3g、概略粒子サイズ30μm)を、5cm2のトレイに入れ、そしてトレイをALD反応室に導入した。反応器を50〜100℃の温度に加熱した。ALDをトリメチルアルミニウム及び水をALD前駆体として使用して行った。50回のALDサイクルを、1〜10秒のALDパルス長で行った。得られた生成物は、個々の粒子間の接触の点を除いて、約3nmの厚さのコーティングを有する粒子からなっていた。
フェロジピンの粒子の粉末(0.03g、概略粒子サイズ150nm)を、5cm2のトレイに入れ、そしてトレイをALD反応室に導入する。反応器を50〜100℃の温度に加熱する。ALDをトリメチルアルミニウム及び水をALD前駆体として使用して行う。10〜30回のALDサイクルを、0.1〜450秒のALDパルス長で行う。得られた生成物は、個々の粒子間の接触の点を除いて、約0.5〜2nmの厚さのコーティングを有する粒子からなっている。
実施例5の方法に従い、しかし一連のALD処理及び脱凝集処理を8回行う。15nmの厚さの酸化アルミニウムのコーティング、及び40μmの粒子サイズを持つフェロジピンのナノ粒子粉末を得る。
実施例6の方法に従い、しかし一連のALD処理及び脱凝集処理を合計8回行った。15nmの厚さの酸化アルミニウムのコーティング、及び40μmの粒子サイズを有するパラセタモールのナノ粒子粉末を得た。
実施例5の方法に従い、しかし四塩化チタン及び水をALD処理の前駆体として使用する。15nmの厚さの酸化チタンのコーティング、及び40μmの粒子サイズを持つフェロジピンのナノ粒子粉末を得る。
実施例6の方法に従い、しかし四塩化チタン及び水をALD処理の前駆体として使用する。5nmの厚さの酸化チタンのコーティング、及び150nmの粒子サイズを持つパラセタモールのナノ粒子粉末を得る。
実施例5の方法に従ったが、しかしALD処理されたナノ粒子の最初の超音波処理及び乾燥後、いずれもの更なる無機物コーティングの適用を伴わずに乾燥粉末を収集した。
約15mgの実施例6において調製されたコートされたパラセタモールのナノ粒子を、100mlの脱イオン水と混合し、そして次いで5分間超音波処理した。混合物を更なる脱イオン水の添加によって1リットルに希釈し、そして磁気撹拌機を使用して撹拌した。上清(水は溶解したパラセタモールを含有する)の試料を規則的な間隔で採取し、そして上清中のパラセタモールの濃度の指標として243nmにおける吸光度を測定した。
実施例9のコートされたパラセタモールのナノ粒子を使用して、実施例13の方法を繰返した。
比較実施例12のパラセタモールのナノ粒子を使用して、実施例13の方法を繰返した。
前記固体コアを、無機物質の層の適用中、及び/又は適用間に撹拌にかけ、そして
得られたナノ粒子を固体コアに対する溶媒と接触させる
工程を含んでなる。
コートされたナノ粒子の試料を、固体コア及び無機物コーティングに対する溶媒である液相と接触させ、
液相中のコートされたナノ粒子の固体コアの溶解を測定し、
コートされたナノ粒子の固体コアの溶解を、無機物コーティングを持たない類似の固体コアの溶解と比較し、
コートされたナノ粒子の固体コアの溶解の遅延を、無機物コーティングを持たない類似の固体コアの溶解と比較して決定し、そして
所定の時間の長さを超える溶解の遅延を有するコートされたナノ粒子を選択すること、
を含んでなる。
2 コア
3 コーティング
4 中間層
5 化学部分
6 選択された分子
7 医薬的投与単位
Claims (23)
- 複数のコートされたナノ粒子を製造する方法であって、前記コートされたナノ粒子は、生物学的に活性な物質を含んでなる固体コアを有し、前記固体コアは、無機物コーティングによって包まれており、該方法が;
無機物質の1又はそれより多い層を、複数の前記固体コアに、該無機物質及び/又は該無機物質を形成するための前駆体が気相に存在する適用法によって適用し、そして
前記固体コアを、無機物質の層(1又は複数)の適用中及び/又は適用間に、撹拌にかけること;
を含んでなる方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって、無機物質の1より多い層が、前記固体コアに適用され、そして前記固体コアが、無機物質の少なくとも1の層が前記固体コアに適用された後であって、無機物質の少なくとも1のその後の層が前記固体コアに適用される前に、撹拌にかけられる方法。
- 請求項1又は2のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
(i)無機物質を複数の前記固体コアに適用し
(ii)該複数の前記固体コアを撹拌にかけ、
(iii)工程(i)をn回繰り返し、ここで、nは少なくとも1の整数であり、そして
(iv)nが少なくとも2の整数である場合、少なくとも数回の工程(i)の後に、工程(ii)を繰返すこと
を含んでなる方法。 - 請求項3に記載の方法であって、nが少なくとも1の整数であり、そして多くとも50である方法。
- 請求項4に記載の方法であって、nが少なくとも2の整数であり、そして多くとも20である方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法であって、nが少なくとも3の整数であり、そして多くとも10である方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記固体コアが、無機物質の適用中に連続的又は間欠的撹拌にかけられる方法。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、前記無機物質が、原子層堆積法、化学蒸着法又は物理蒸着法によって適用される方法。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、無機物質が、少なくとも1の金属又はメタロイド元素を含んでなる方法。
- 請求項9に記載の方法であって、金属又はメタロイドである前記元素が、酸化物、水酸化物、炭化物、セレン化物、窒化物、硫化物、フッ化物、塩化物及び/又は塩として存在する方法。
- 請求項10に記載の方法であって、前記元素が酸化物として存在する方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、前記無機物質が、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、二酸化チタン(TiO2)、酸化鉄(FexOy)、酸化ガリウム(Ga2O3)及び酸化マグネシウム(MgO)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)、酸化ニオブ(Nb2O5)、酸化ハフニウム(HfO2)、酸化タンタル(Ta2O5)、酸化ランタン(La2O3)、二酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)及び/又は二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)を含んでなる方法。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、無機物質の幾つかの層が該固体コアに適用される方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法であって、異なった組成の層が該固体コアに適用される方法。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、該生物学的に活性な物質が、治療的に活性な物質である方法。
- 請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、
該ナノ粒子の試料を、該固体コア及び該無機物コーティングのための溶媒である液相と接触させ、
該液相中の該コートされたナノ粒子の固体コアの溶解を測定し、
コートされたナノ粒子固体コアの溶解を、無機物コーティングを持たない類似の固体コアの溶解と比較し、
該コートされたナノ粒子固体コアの溶解の遅延を、無機物コーティングを持たない類似の固体コアの溶解と比較して決定し、そして
所定の長さの時間を超える溶解の遅延を有するコートされたナノ粒子を選択すること;
を含んでなる方法。 - 請求項16に記載の方法であって、該溶解の遅延が、該コートされたナノ粒子固体コアの少なくとも50重量%を溶解するのに要した時間と該コーティングを持たない固体コアの少なくとも50重量%を溶解するのに要した時間との差として決定される方法。
- 請求項17に記載の方法であって、前記所定の時間の長さが、少なくとも5分である方法。
- 請求項17に記載の方法であって、該所定の長さの時間が少なくとも1時間である方法。
- 請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって得ることができる複数のコートされたナノ粒子。
- 請求項20に記載の複数のコートされたナノ粒子であって、該生物学的に活性な物質が治療的に活性な物質であるナノ粒子。
- 請求項21に記載の複数のコートされたナノ粒子及び医薬的に受容可能な担体を含んでなる医薬組成物。
- 請求項22に記載の複数のナノ粒子と医薬的に受容可能な担体又は賦形剤とを混合することを含んでなる、医薬組成物を製造する方法。
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JP2023511818A (ja) * | 2019-12-06 | 2023-03-23 | ナネクサ・アクチボラグ | 新規組成物 |
JP7565375B2 (ja) | 2020-06-05 | 2024-10-10 | アプライド マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッド | 被覆薬物組成物及びその調製方法 |
US12064522B2 (en) | 2020-10-02 | 2024-08-20 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Low temperature process for preparing silicon oxide coated pharmaceuticals |
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