JP2016511353A - 排気ガスからのSOx及びNOx除去方法及び浄化装置 - Google Patents
排気ガスからのSOx及びNOx除去方法及び浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
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- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
- F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20723—Vanadium
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/22—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a condensation chamber
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/04—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
- F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
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- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
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Abstract
Description
凝縮器から排出される排気ガスの温度は、100℃以上であり、硫酸が生成される温度は、酸露点直下の温度(硫黄の含有量によるが、少なくとも125℃、通常はもっと高い)である。この処理のように高濃度で高温度の硫酸を取り扱ったり冷却したりするには、特殊な装置が必要である。さらに、この処理は、相当な量のエネルギーが必要とされ、配置そのものにスペースを要求する(space−requiring)。
凝縮器から排出する排気ガスの温度は、排気ガス内の水の露点(排気ガスの露点温度は、燃料の品質及びエンジンへの負荷にもよるが、常に70℃未満である)未満であり、好ましい温度範囲は、20℃−70℃で、より好ましい温度範囲は、20℃−50℃である。凝縮された酸の温度は、常に70℃よりも低くなる。凝縮物は、硫酸と硝酸の混合物である。
12 内燃機関
13 流体流路
14 流体流路
16、16a、16b 粒子フィルター
18、18a、18b 触媒反応器
20 凝縮器
21 流体流路
22 弁装置
23 流体流路
24 第1の流体流路接続部
25 流体流路
26、26a、26b 流体流路
27、27a、27b 流体流路
28 流体流路
29 第2の流体流路接続部
30 冷炎発生器
31 流体流路
32 流体流路
33、33a、33b 流体流路
34、34a、34b 弁装置
36、36a、36b 流体流路
37、37a、37b 弁装置
39 流体流路
43 弁装置
44 第1の支流
45 第2の支流
Claims (18)
- 燃料の燃焼が内燃機関で行われる場合に発生するSOX、NOX、煤及び水蒸気を含む排気ガスからSOX、NOXを除去する方法であって、前記排気ガスは、酸化触媒を含む少なくとも1つの触媒反応器を通過し、通過の際に、前記触媒反応器で少なくともSO2及びNOはそれぞれSO3及びNO2に変換され、前記排気ガスは凝縮器で、水の露点温度以下の温度まで冷却された後に、SO3、NO2及び水は凝縮され、さらにSO3及びNO2は凝縮水に溶解されて排気ガスから除去されることを特徴とする方法。
- 前記排気ガスは、少なくとも1つの触媒反応器を通る前に、粒子状物質を除去する粒子フィルターを通ることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒反応器の下流側及び前記凝縮器の上流側から取り出された少なくとも一部の排気ガスは、少なくとも1つの粒子フィルターの上流側に戻されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子フィルターの下流側及び前記触媒反応器の上流側から取り出された少なくとも一部の排気ガスは、前記内燃機関に戻されることを特徴とする請求項2乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子フィルターは、冷炎(cold flame)ガスを通過させることによって再生(regenerate)されることを特徴とする請求項2乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの触媒反応器内の前記触媒は、冷炎ガスを前記触媒反応器に通過させることによって前記触媒反応器の起動時に加熱されることを特徴とする請求項2乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 排気ガスは、20℃−70℃の範囲の温度まで冷却されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 水は凝縮器内に注入されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7に記載の方法。
- 燃料の燃焼が内燃機関で行われる際に発生するSOX、NOX、煤及び水蒸気を含む排気ガスからSOX、NOXを除去する浄化装置であって、前記内燃機関に流体的に接続されている少なくとも1つの触媒反応器を備え、前記触媒反応器は、前記排気ガスが触媒反応器を通過する時にSO2及びNOをそれぞれSO3及びNO2に変換する酸化触媒を含み、さらに前記浄化装置は、前記触媒反応器の下流側に流体的に前記触媒反応器と接続されている凝縮器を備えており、前記凝縮器内で前記排気ガスは、水の露点温度以下の温度まで冷却され、SO3、NO2及び水は凝縮され、さらにSO3及びNO2は凝縮水に溶解され、これによって、SOx及びNOxはて排気ガスから除去されることを特徴とする浄化装置。
- さらに前記装置は、前記排気ガスが少なくとも1つの触媒反応器を通る前に、前記排気ガス内の粒子状物質を除去する粒子フィルターを含み、前記粒子フィルターは、前記内燃機関及び前記触媒反応器と流体的に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の浄化装置。
- 前記装置は、前記触媒反応器の下流側及び前記凝縮器の上流側からの少なくとも一部の排気ガスを前記粒子フィルターの上流側に戻す導管を備えていることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の浄化装置。
- 前記装置は、前記粒子フィルター下流側及び前記触媒反応器上流側からの少なくとも一部の排気ガスを排気ガス再循環ループ(EGR−Loop)内の内燃機関内に戻す導管を備えていることを特徴とする請求項9乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の浄化装置。
- さらに前記装置は、冷炎ガスを生成させる冷炎発生器(cold flame generator)を備え、前記冷炎ガスが前記粒子フィルターを通して流せるように前記冷炎発生器と前記粒子フィルターとが流体的に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項9乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の浄化装置。
- さらに前記装置は、冷炎ガスを生成させる冷炎発生器を備え、前記冷炎ガスが前記触媒反応器を通して流れるように前記冷炎発生器は前記触媒反応器と流体的に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項9乃至13のいずれか一項に記載の浄化装置。
- 前記凝縮器は、前記凝縮器内に水を注入できる水源に接続されている流体流路と接続されていることを特徴とする請求項9乃至14のいずれか一項に記載の浄化装置。
- 内燃機関と、SOX、NOX及び煤を排気ガスから除去する請求項9乃至15いずれか一項に記載の浄化装置とを備える船舶であって、前記内燃機関から排出される前記排気ガスが前記浄化装置を通して流れるように、前記浄化装置は、前記内燃機関と流体的に接続されていることを特徴とする船舶。
- 燃料の燃焼が内燃機関で行われる際に発生するSOX及び粒子状物質を含む排気ガスから、粒子状物質及びSOXを除去する方法であって、前記排気ガスは、少なくともSO2をSO3に変換することによってSOXを除去する少なくとも1つの触媒反応器を通過する前に、粒子状物質除去のための粒子フィルターを通過し、その後、スクラバーを通過して、SO3が凝縮され、SO3が溶解されるような温度に保たれた浄化液(scrubbing liquid)と接触させることによって冷却すると共に、更に、前記方法は、冷炎ガスを使用して、粒子フィルターを再生することを特徴とする方法。
- 燃料の燃焼が内燃機関で行われる際に生じる粒子状物質及びSOXを含む排気ガスからSOX及び粒子状物質を除去する浄化装置であって、前記装置は、前記内燃機関に流体的に接続された少なくとも1つの触媒反応器を備え、前記触媒反応器は、前記排気ガスが当該触媒反応器を通過する際、少なくともSO2をSO3に変換する酸化触媒を含み、
前記装置は、前記排気ガスが少なくとも1つの触媒反応器を通る前に前記排気ガス内の粒子状物質を除去する粒子フィルターを備え、
前記粒子フィルターは前記内燃機関及び前記触媒反応器と流体的に接続されており、さらに、前記装置は、前記触媒反応器の下流側で前記触媒反応器と流体的に接続されているスクラバーを備えており、
前記スクラバー内で前記排気ガスは、SO3が凝縮され、且つ、SO3が溶解して前記排気ガスから除去される温度に冷却された洗浄液と接触し、更に、前記装置は、冷炎ガス(cold frame gas)を生成する冷炎発生器を備えており、前記冷炎発生器は前記冷炎ガスを前記粒子フィルター通過することによって前記粒子フィルターを再生できるように、前記粒子フィルターと流体的に接続されていることを特徴とする浄化装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1301451.9A GB2510171B (en) | 2013-01-28 | 2013-01-28 | Method and cleaning apparatus for removal of SOx and NOx from exhaust gas |
GB1301451.9 | 2013-01-28 | ||
PCT/EP2014/051370 WO2014114735A1 (en) | 2013-01-28 | 2014-01-24 | METHOD AND CLEANING APPARATUS FOR REMOVAL OF SOx AND NOx FROM EXHAUST GAS |
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CN109688803B (zh) * | 2016-09-16 | 2021-02-26 | 双叶产业株式会社 | 净化设备 |
EP3315739B1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-02-13 | Yara Marine Technologies AS | System and method to determine a flow rate of a washing liquid of an exhaust gas scrubber cleaning system of a marine vessel |
GB201715515D0 (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-11-08 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for operating a catalyst arrangement of an internal combustion engine and catalyst arrangement |
DE102017130702B4 (de) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-01-09 | Reinhard Schmidt | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Reduzierung des NOx-Gehalts von Abgas |
KR102091171B1 (ko) | 2018-08-08 | 2020-03-20 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 황산화물 및 질소산화물의 동시 저감이 가능한 가압 하이브리드 응축기 |
DE102018213469B4 (de) * | 2018-08-10 | 2024-05-02 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Erkennen einer Modifikation eines Partikelfilters für einen Abgasstrang eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
EP3792458A1 (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-03-17 | Alfa Laval Corporate AB | Exhaust gas cleaning system and method for cleaning exhaust gas and use of exhaust gas cleaning system |
CN111569559B (zh) * | 2020-05-23 | 2022-03-25 | 河北化工医药职业技术学院 | 一种二水石膏生产线的废气净化无尘环保漏气监测系统 |
KR102345284B1 (ko) | 2020-07-21 | 2022-01-03 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 선박의 egr 결합 온실가스 배출 저감장치 및 동 장치를 구비한 선박 |
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PL2948652T3 (pl) | 2018-08-31 |
JP6208773B2 (ja) | 2017-10-04 |
GB201301451D0 (en) | 2013-03-13 |
GB2510171A (en) | 2014-07-30 |
KR20150108423A (ko) | 2015-09-25 |
CN105339617B (zh) | 2018-09-04 |
US20150322833A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
GB2510171B (en) | 2015-01-28 |
EP2948652B1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
BR112015017756A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
DK2948652T3 (en) | 2018-07-23 |
KR102080574B1 (ko) | 2020-05-28 |
BR112015017756B1 (pt) | 2022-01-18 |
WO2014114735A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
US9631533B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
EP2948652A1 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
CN105339617A (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
NO2948652T3 (ja) | 2018-09-15 |
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