JP2016194073A - 有機化合物及び当該有機化合物を含む光起電装置 - Google Patents
有機化合物及び当該有機化合物を含む光起電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016194073A JP2016194073A JP2016076791A JP2016076791A JP2016194073A JP 2016194073 A JP2016194073 A JP 2016194073A JP 2016076791 A JP2016076791 A JP 2016076791A JP 2016076791 A JP2016076791 A JP 2016076791A JP 2016194073 A JP2016194073 A JP 2016194073A
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- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
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- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilylacetylene Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)C#C CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
ここで、Cor1は、第1型の多環コアであり;Cor2は第2型の多環コアであり;Bは、共有化学結合を介して多環コアCor1と多環コアCor2の化学結合を提供する架橋基であり;R1及びR2は、適宜の溶媒中で有機化合物の溶解度を提供する分子群であり;mは1、2、3又は4であり;nは0、1、2、3又は4であり;X1及びX2は多環コアCor1とCor2のエネルギィレベルHOMOとLUMOを修飾する修飾基であり;pは0、1、2であり;qは0、1、2である。この有機化合物は、π−π相互作用によってロッド状の超分子を形成し、電子−正孔対の励起を用いて、400乃至3000nmの波長範囲内の少なくとも一つの所定のスペクトル小領域において電磁放射を吸収する。多環コアCor1、架橋基B、及び多環コアCor2は、ドナー−ブリッジ−アクセプタ−ブリッジ−ドナーとアクセプタ−ブリッジ−ドナー−ブリッジ−アクセプタを含むリストから選択された分子系Cor1−B−Cor2−B−Cor1を形成し、ここで励起した電子−正孔対の電離が行われる。
を有する少なくとも一の有機化合物を含む。ここで、Cor1は第1型多環コアであり;Cor2は第2型多環コアであり;Bは多環コアCor1を共有化学結合を介して多環コアCor2と結合させる架橋基であり;R1及びR2は適宜の溶剤中で有機化合物の溶解度を提供する分子群であり;mは1、2、3又は4であり;nは0、1、2、3又は4であり;X1及びX2は多環コアCor1とCor2のエネルギィレベルHOMO及びLUMOを変える修飾基であり;pは0、1、2であり;qは0、1、2である。この有機化合物は、π−π相互作用によりロッド状の超分子を形成し、400乃至3000nmの波長範囲内の少なくとも一の所定のスペクトルサブレンジにおける電磁放射を、電子−正孔対の励起によって吸収する。多環コアCor1と、架橋基Bと、多環コアCor2は、ドナー−ブリッジ−アクセプタ−ブリッジ−ドナーとアクセプタ−ブリッジ−ドナー−ブリッジ−アクセプタから選択された分子系Cor1−B−Cor2−B−Cor1を形成し、ここで励起した電子−正孔対が電離される。光起電層に対してホメオトロピック配向した有機化合物と多環コアCor1及びCor2は、第1型のπ−πスタックと第2型のπ−πスタックにそれぞれ会合する。ある型のスタックは、電子伝達を実現し、別の型のスタックは正孔伝達を実現し、これらのスタックは、分子群R1及びR2によって電子的に隔離されている。
を有する少なくとも一の有機化合物を含む光起電層を提供する。ここで、Cor1は第1型の多環コアであり;Cor2は第2型の多環コアであり;Bは多環コアCor1を、共有化学結合を介して多環コアCor2に結合させる架橋基であり;R1及びR2は適宜の溶剤中で有機化合物の溶解度を提供する分子群であり;mは1、2、3又は4であり;nは0、1、2、3又は4であり;X1及びX2は多環コアCor1とCor2のエネルギィレベルHOMO及びLUMOを変える修飾基であり;pは0、1、2であり;qは0、1、2である。この有機化合物は、π−π相互作用によりロッド状の超分子を形成し、400乃至3000nmの波長範囲内の少なくとも一の所定のスペクトルサブレンジにおける電磁放射を、電子−正孔対の励起によって吸収する。多環コアCor1と、架橋基Bと、多環コアCor2は、ドナー−ブリッジ−アクセプタ−ブリッジ−ドナーとアクセプタ−ブリッジ−ドナー−ブリッジ−アクセプタから選択された分子系Cor1−B−Cor2−B−Cor1を形成し、ここで励起した電子−正孔対が分離される。光起電層に対してホメオトロピック配向した有機化合物と多環コアCor1及びCor2は、第1型のπ−πスタックと第2型のπ−πスタックにそれぞれ会合する。ある型のスタックは、電子伝達を実現し、別の型のスタックは正孔伝達を実現し、これらのスタックは、分子群R1及びR2によって電子的に隔離されている。
HOMOA<HOMOD≦LUMOA−1eV及びLUMOA<LUMOD
によってアクセプタのエネルギィレベルに相関している。
−6.0eV<HOMOD<−5.5eV及び−4.0eV<LUMOD
を満足する。
ここで、R、R1及びR2は、直鎖及び分岐(C1−C35)アルキル、(C2−C35)アルケニル、及び(C2−C35)アルキニル、置換アルキル、置換アリル、及びこれらの組み合わせであり;Xは塩素又はホウ素である。
HOMOA<HOMOD≦LUMOA−1eV及びLUMOA<LUMOD
によってアクセプタのエネルギィレベルに相関している。本光起電装置の更なる実施例では、ペリレン・ジイミドがアクセプタコアCor2として作用し、結合基Bが、フェニルとバイフェニルを含む群から選択され、ドナーコアCor1のエネルギィレベルHOMOD及びLUMODが以下の条件;−6.0eV<HOMOD<−5.5eV及び−4.0eV<LUMOD
を満足する。この光起電装置の更なる実施例では、化合物が、表3に示す構造体21乃至26を含むリストから選択される。
HOMOA<HOMOD≦LUMOA−1eV及びLUMOA<LUMOD
によってアクセプタのエネルギィレベルに相関している。ここに開示した光起電層のさらに別の実施例では、ペリレン・ジイミドがアクセプタコアCor2として作用し、結合基Bが、フェニルとバイフェニルを含む群から選択され、ドナーコアCor1のエネルギィレベルHOMOD及びLUMODが以下の条件;−6.0eV<HOMOD<−5.5eV及び−4.0eV<LUMODを満足する。この光起電層の更なる実施例では、化合物が、表3に示す構造体21乃至26を含むリストから選択される。
ステージ1: 60mLのトリエチルアミン中の9−(4−bromophenyl)carbazole(4.9g、15.3mmol)、trimethylsilylacetylene(2.17mL)、triphenylphosphine(0.19g)、及びPd(PPh3)2Cl2(0.12g)混合物を、15分間脱気した。反応混合物を5分間沸騰させ、次いで、CuI(0.12g)を加えた。この混合物を12時間沸騰させた。混合物を室温で、完全に冷却するまで放置し、沈殿物をフィルタで濾した。ろ過物をロータ蒸発器で蒸発させ、残留物を、溶離剤としてヘキサンを用いてカラムクロマトグラフィで精製し、へプタンから再結晶させた。収率は76%であった。
有機化合物8の合成は、園頭反応の条件で、予め取得したジイミド9とエチニルカルバゾール4を直結するステップを含む(スキーム3)。ジイミド9の精製をTLCで制御し、CHCl3−MeOHシステムから2回再沈殿させ、NMR1Hスペクトルを測定した。
1.3−amino−N−alkyl−carbazoleの合成:
ジメチルホルムアミド中の水素化ナトリウムの存在下でカルバゾールを臭化アルキルで処置して9−alkyl−9H−carbazoleを合成した(スキーム5):
9−alkyl−9H−carbazoleを酢酸中で発煙している硝酸で処理して、9−alkyl−3−nitro−9H−carbazoleを生成した(スキーム6):
活性化させた炭素粉上で10%のパラジウム存在下で水素化することで、3−amino−N−alkyl−carbazoleを生成した(スキーム7):
3−amino−N−alkyl−carbazoleをo−ジクロロベンゼン中のテトラブロモベンゾキノンと共にベンゼンスルフォクロリドの存在下で濃縮させ、環化させることで、8,18−dibromo−5,15−dialkl−5,15−dihydrocarbazolo[3’,2’:5,6][1,4]oxazino[2,3−b]indolo[2,3−i]phenoxazine(ジオキサジン断片)を生成した(スキーム8):
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)の存在下で、8,18−dibromo−5,15−dialkyl−5,15−dihydrocarbazolo[3’,2’:5,6][1,4]oxazino[2,3−b]indolo[2,3−i]phenoxazineを1−methyl−2−pyrrolidinone中の(4−nitrophenyl)bronic acidと鈴木反応させて、8−bromo−5,15−dialkyl−18−(4−nitrophenyl)−5,15−dihydrocarbazolo[3’,2’:5,6][1,4]oxazino[2,3−b]indolo[2,3−i]phenoxazineを合成した(スキーム9)。
活性炭素粉上で10%のパラジウム存在下で水素化させることによって、4−(18−bromo−5,15−dialkylyl−5,15−dihydrocarbazolo[3’,2’:5,6][1,4]oxazino[2,3−b]indolo[2,3−i]phenoxazin−8−yl)anilineを精製した(スキーム10):
この方法は、Friedel−Crafts条件の下でドデカノイル塩化物を用いたカルバノールのアシル化(スキーム12)と、続く二つのカルボニル基の還元に基づく。
p−ニトロビフェニル基を9位のカルバゾールに挿入するために、リン酸カリウムとtrans−1,2−diaminocyclohexaneの存在下で、Cu(I)で触媒した結合を用いて銅(I)を安定化させた(スキーム14)。
パラジウム/炭素触媒を用いて、テトラヒドロフラン中の水素雰囲気下でニトロ基の水素化を行った(スキーム15)。
ステージ1: 60mLのトリエチラミン中の9−(4−bromophenyl)carbazol(4.9g、15.3mmol)と、トリメチルシリラセチレン(2.17mL)と、トリフェニルホスフィン(0.19g)と、Pd(PPh3)2Cl2(0.12g)の混合物を15分間脱気した。反応混合物を5分間沸騰させ、CuI(0.12g)を加えた。結果混合物を更に12時間沸騰させた。混合物が室温になったのちに、沈殿物をろ過して取り除いた。ろ過液をローター蒸発器で蒸発させて、残留物を溶離剤としてヘキサンを用いて、カラムクロマトグラフィで精製し、へプタンから再結晶化させた。収率は76%であった。
5の手順: 3−メチルフェノール(30mL)中の2−(ethylhexyl)−amine(5.0g)と、N−ethylhexyl−1,7−dibromoperylene monoimide(5.0g)と、酢酸亜鉛(0.5g)の混合物を10時間、140℃に加熱した。結果混合物を20℃にして、250mLの2N HClに注いだ。沈殿物をろ過して取出し、エタノール(100mL)と水(100mL)で洗浄し、真空下で100℃で乾燥させた。乾燥した粗生成物を更に、熱いイソプロパノール(2500ml)で洗浄し、上述したように再度乾燥させた。純有機化合物1の収率は4.8gであった。
Claims (12)
- 請求項2に記載の光起電装置において、前記光起電層の一つと、当該起電層の前面の少なくとも一部に形成された第1電極と、前記起電層の後面の少なくとも一部に形成された第2電極と、を具えることを特徴とする光起電装置。
- 請求項3に記載の光起電装置において、前記第2電極が前記装置に入射する電磁放射に対する反射電極であることを特徴とする光起電装置。
- 請求項3又は4に記載の光起電装置において、前記電極の一方が、正孔回収コンタクトと電子に対するバリヤコンタクトを提供する機能を持つ材料でできており、前記電極の他方が、正孔に対するバリヤコンタクトと電子回収コンタクトを提供する機能を持つ材料でできていることを特徴とする光起電装置。
- 請求項5に記載の光起電装置において、前記電極材料が、アルミニウム、ITO(インジウム−スズ酸化物)、カーボンナノチューブ導電性コーティング、PEDOT:PSS層、フタロシアニン、LiF、及びアルミニウムをドーピングした亜鉛酸化物を含むリストから選択されることを特徴とする光起電装置。
- 請求項3乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の光起電装置において、前記電極の一方が、前記光起電層に接触している電子アクセプタ層を具え、前記電極の他方が、前記光起電層に接触している電子ドナー層を具えることを特徴とする光起電装置。
- 請求項2乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の光起電装置が更に、前記電極と前記光起電層を担持する基板を具えることを特徴とする光起電装置。
- 請求項8に記載の光起電装置において、前記基板が、ポリマ及びガラスを含むリストから選択される材料でできていることを特徴とする光起電装置。
- 請求項8又は9に記載の光起電装置において、前記基板が、前記装置が感受する入射電磁放射に対して透明であることを特徴とする光起電装置。
- 2又はそれ以上の光起電層を具える請求項2に記載の光起電装置において、前記光起電層が、構造21乃至25を含むリストから選択される異なった有機化合物を含み、400乃至3000nmの波長レンジ内の同じ又は異なるスペクトルサブレンジの電磁放射を確実に吸収することを特徴とする光起電装置。
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WO2012122312A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
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