JP2016112007A - Plant cultivation system and plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel cultivation system and a novel cultivation method that promote growth and allow short-term harvesting, are simple and save time and effort, and are effective particularly in the cultivation of Panax ginseng.SOLUTION: A plant cultivation system and a plant cultivation method use the artificial soil at least comprising open cell foam particles and fertilizer, forcibly inject hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and carbonic acid gas into the artificial soil, and performs growth promotion.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a novel plant cultivation system and a plant cultivation method that promote plant growth and enable early harvesting.

Growing and harvesting plants such as vegetables and petals in a short period of time is a common goal of producers and desirable for sellers.
Among the vegetables, root vegetables take time to harvest, but especially ginseng is a plant that takes a very long time to harvest and takes time and effort.
It takes more than 5 years for medicinal ginseng to be harvested after sowing seeds, and even if it is edible, it is said to be 2 year seedlings and 3 year seedlings. The work is time consuming and not easy.
Ginseng, which takes time and effort, contains a large amount of synthenoside (carrot saponin), which has a higher antioxidant effect and blood circulation promoting effect than other plants, and has long been known for medicinal and edible purposes. Is an expensive plant.

Since the quality of ginseng is determined by the soil, the soil is first made for about 1 to 3 years during cultivation.
As the soil, it is required that air permeability, water permeability and water retention are ensured in a well-balanced manner. Usually, organic fertilizers such as large amounts of coarse organic matter, fallen leaves, green grass, or commercially available humus soil or cow manure are used. It is made by mixing soil with soil.
Since microorganisms decompose these coarse organic matter and the like to provide nutrients, chemical fertilizers are not used because they hinder growth.
However, ginseng is said to grow by absorbing all the nutrients in the soil over a long period of time, so continuous cropping with one soil is not possible, and it is necessary to lay the soil for several years before the next cultivation.

In addition, ginseng is sensitive to light like no other plant, and it is said that it is necessary to avoid direct sunlight about 90-95%, but on the other hand, it hardly grows when it is completely shaded. Therefore, it is very difficult to adjust the irradiation light.
In addition, during the growing period, ginseng is easily damaged by soil rot and root rot caused by moisture and pests, and it is necessary to avoid these obstacles.

As mentioned above, the cultivation of ginseng, which has been carried out in the past, has taken a lot of time and work efficiency, but it has reached the present with few new ideas and proposals.
As a method for promoting the growth of a plant and harvesting it at an early stage, for example, a hydroponic cultivation method in which light in the visible wavelength range is irradiated to the root region of the plant has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
The cultivation method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is characterized by selectively irradiating the root region of a plant with light in a wavelength range effective for photosynthesis, but ginseng is shown as an example of a plant. However, there is no experimental example, and the cultivation of ginseng needs to avoid direct sunlight, so positively irradiating with light may be an obstacle to promoting growth.
In particular, for ginseng, as mentioned above, root rot due to moisture tends to occur as water permeability is required, and careful control such as sterilization is required for hydroponics "water". Become.

JP 2012-196202 A

An object of the present invention is to provide a new cultivation system and a new cultivation method for ginseng that facilitate growth, enable short-term harvesting, and have less time and effort.
Moreover, the subject of this invention is providing the new cultivation system and new cultivation method of ginseng which are high in content of active ingredients, such as saponins including ginsenoside.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new cultivation system and a new cultivation method for ginseng that can prevent the occurrence of pests such as soil fungi or mites that inhibit the growth and suppress root rot caused by moisture. That is.
Furthermore, the subject of this invention is providing the new cultivation system and new cultivation method of ginseng which enable continuous cropping with the same growth soil.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a new cultivation system and a new cultivation method that enable harvesting of plants such as vegetables and petals in a short period of time, not limited to ginseng.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present inventor paid attention to the function of open porous particles such as pearlite and the effects of gases effective for plant growth, that is, hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas and oxygen gas. As a result, the following inventions have been created.

(1) A plant cultivation system in which at least one gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas is forcibly injected into artificial soil for growing plants, A mechanism for injecting gas into the gas (gas injection mechanism) and means for supplying gas to the gas injection mechanism (gas supply means), and the artificial soil contains at least open porous particles and fertilizer Plant cultivation system characterized by
(2) The plant cultivation system according to (1), wherein the volume ratio of the open porous particles in the portion of the artificial soil excluding fertilizer is 30 to 100%.
(3) The artificial soil is housed in a top-opening type plant cultivation container, the bottom of the plant cultivation container has a function of preventing the components constituting the artificial soil from flowing out, and a water passage hole is provided on the entire surface. The plant cultivation system according to (1) or (2), wherein a member (water-permeable member) is installed.
(4) The plant cultivation system according to (3), wherein a member (water leakage accumulation member) that accumulates and discharges water leakage from the water passage hole is installed below the water passage member.
(5) The gas injection mechanism is an air supply pipe having a gas ejection hole, and is embedded in artificial soil through a through-hole provided in a side wall of the plant cultivation container. ) The plant cultivation system according to any one of the above.

(6) The gas injection mechanism is a double structure composed of two plate-like members constituting at least part of the side wall of the plant cultivation container, and the gas ejection holes are formed in the plate-like member constituting the inner wall. The plate-like member that is provided and that constitutes the outer wall is provided with a hole through which the gas supplied from the gas supply means flows in, according to any one of the above (1) to (5), Plant cultivation system.
(7) The plant cultivation system according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the artificial soil is directly provided on the agricultural ground, and a structure (enclosing structure) surrounding the artificial soil is installed. .
(8) The plant cultivation according to (7), wherein the gas injection mechanism is an air supply pipe having a gas ejection hole, and is embedded in artificial soil through a through hole provided in the surrounding structure. system.
(9) The gas injection mechanism is a double structure composed of two plate-like members constituting at least a part of the surrounding structure, and a gas ejection hole is provided in the plate-like member constituting the inner wall. The plant cultivation system according to (7) or (8) above, wherein a hole for allowing the gas supplied from the gas supply means to flow is provided in a plate-like member constituting the outer wall.
(10) Gas control means that is linked to the gas supply means is installed outside the plant cultivation apparatus, and the gas control means controls the type, supply amount, and supply time (start time and end time) of the gas. The plant cultivation system according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein:

(11) The open-type porous particles are used in combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of pearlite, zeolite, pumice, artificial glass, sintered ceramic, and steel slag. The plant cultivation system according to any one of (1) to (11).
(12) The plant cultivation system according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein active hydrogen water and / or additional fertilizing aqueous solution is injected by the gas injection means in addition to the gas.
(13) The plant cultivation system according to any one of (1) to (12), wherein the hydrogen gas and oxygen gas supplied from the gas supply means are generated by a photocatalyst.
(14) The plant cultivation system according to any one of (1) to (13) above, wherein a solar panel and / or wavelength-converted fluorescent radioactive material is used as the light shielding means.
(15)
At least one part of the side wall of the plant cultivation container as described in said (3) or at least one part of the wall of the surrounding structure as described in said (7) is formed with the wavelength conversion fluorescent radiation material, The plant characterized by the above-mentioned Cultivation system.

(16)
An artificial soil for plant cultivation containing at least open-type porous particles and fertilizer is housed in a plant cultivation container or placed directly on the agricultural ground, and selected from the group consisting of hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas in the artificial soil A plant cultivation method characterized by forcibly injecting at least one kind of gas and supplying water to artificial soil.
(17) When cultivating ginseng, the concentration of gas contained in the whole artificial soil is 500 to 1000 ppm for carbon dioxide, 1000 to 10000 ppm for hydrogen gas, and 500 to 2000 ppm for oxygen gas per cubic meter of medium. The plant cultivation method according to the above (16), wherein the plant cultivation method is injected so as to become.
(18) The plant cultivation method as described in (13) or (14) above, wherein hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas are injected during a time zone of oxygen-generated photosynthesis by light radiation.
(19) The plant cultivation method according to (18), wherein carbon dioxide gas is injected after hydrogen gas.
(20) The plant cultivation method according to any one of (16) to (19), wherein oxygen gas is injected during a non-oxygen-generating photosynthesis time zone with a small amount of light.
(21) When cultivating ginseng, water is supplied at a rate of 18 to 30 liters per cubic meter of soil per day, as described in any one of (16) to (20) above Plant cultivation method.

(22) The plant cultivation method according to any one of (16) to (21), wherein the type, supply amount, supply time, and supply time zone of the gas are controlled and adjusted.
(23) The plant cultivation method according to any one of (16) to (22), wherein the active hydrogen water and / or the top fertilizing aqueous solution is injected and / or sprayed.
(24) A method of accommodating artificial soil containing at least open-type foam particles and fertilizer in an upper open-type plant cultivation container and cultivating ginseng therein, which occupies a portion excluding fertilizer from the artificial soil Ginseng cultivation method, wherein the volume ratio of the open-type bubble particles is 30 to 100%.
(25) An artificial soil for ginseng cultivation, comprising open-type foam particles and fertilizer, wherein the volume ratio of the open-type foam particles in the portion of the artificial soil excluding the fertilizer is 30 to 100%.
(26) An artificial soil for growing ginseng, comprising open-type foam particles and fertilizer, wherein the volume ratio of the open-type foam particles in the portion of the artificial soil excluding the fertilizer is 100%.

  According to the present invention, compared to the conventional method, the period until the harvest of the plant can be greatly shortened, the generation of soil fungi and pests that inhibit the growth can be prevented, and further, when the cultivated plant is ginseng Therefore, it is possible to provide a new cultivation system and a new cultivation method that have a high content of an active ingredient typified by ginsenoside and enable continuous cropping in the same soil with less time and effort.

It is an external view in the case of applying the plant cultivation system of this invention to the artificial soil accommodated in the cultivation container for plants. It is sectional drawing at the time of using a plant cultivation container. It is the schematic diagram expanded centering on the artificial soil inside and bottom part of a plant cultivation container. It is a schematic diagram in the case of applying the plant cultivation system of this invention to the artificial soil arrange | positioned on the agricultural ground.

<Outline of the present invention>
The present invention provides growth by forcibly injecting at least one gas of hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, and carbon dioxide gas into artificial soil containing at least open porous particles and fertilizer sowed or planted. The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method that promotes and can significantly shorten the cultivation period, and relates to a plant cultivation system including a gas supply means for injecting the gas and a gas injection mechanism.
The plant cultivation method and system of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as a plant cultivation system) uses artificial soil containing open porous particles, and gas such as hydrogen gas directly into the soil. The two are synergistically functioning effectively as a means for solving the problems of the invention.

The cultivation system of the present invention is applied to a case where artificial soil is used while being housed in a plant cultivation container and a case where the artificial soil is used directly on the agricultural ground.
Further, the plant cultivation system of the present invention is not limited to ginseng, but is applied to negative plants, semi-negative porridges, succulent plants, other various vegetables and petals, and grows seedlings of these plants for harvesting. This applies not only to cases, but also to growing seedlings from seeds.
Hereinafter, the plant cultivation system of this invention is demonstrated centering on the case where ginseng is grown from a seedling and harvested.

<Artificial soil>
The artificial soil used in the plant cultivation system of the present invention contains at least open porous particles and fertilizer, and the thickness of the soil layer is preferably about 20 to 40 cm.

<Fertilizer>
First, the fertilizer will be described. The fertilizer is appropriately selected and used in consideration of the combination of the plant to be cultivated and the open porous particles to be used. For example, nitrogen-based, phosphate-based, potash-based fertilizers, fermented organic fertilizers such as animal dung (horse, chicken, pig, cow, etc.), seaweed, rice husk, soybean meal, fish meal, oil meal, mulch, and the like can be mentioned.
In addition, the artificial soil may contain, for example, earth such as diatomaceous earth, black earth, red earth, antibacterial germanium-containing biotite, and the like other than the open porous particles and fertilizer.

<Open type porous particles>
In the plant cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, the open porous particles contained in the artificial soil play an extremely important role as means for solving the problems of the invention.
It is said that ginseng soil needs to be breathable, permeable and water-retaining, and that the creation of ginseng has been one of the factors that require time and effort for cultivation of ginseng. That's right.

The open-type porous particles used in the present invention are porous particles having a porous structure composed of open-type bubbles in which many “pores” are open, and both inorganic material systems and organic material systems can be used.
The open-type porous particles preferably have a particle diameter of about 100 μm to 7 mm, are preferably drainable, are lightweight, and have a non-uniform shape.
Light weight reduces the pressure on the crop roots, making the roots easy to grow and stretch easily, and non-uniform shapes tend to form gaps that serve as passages for moisture as well as gases. It is considered a thing.
Examples of the inorganic material-based open-type porous particles used in the present invention include pearlite-based, zeolite-based, pumice-based, artificial glass-based, sintered ceramic-based, and steel slag. The above can be used in combination.
Of these, pearlite and zeolite are preferred, and pearlite is particularly preferred.
The pearlite system is said to have excellent ion exchange ability and water purifying properties, and is particularly effective for artificial soil in the present invention.

In the artificial soil, the gap formed between the open porous particles serves as an air passage for guiding the gas to the root area of the plant, and the numerous bubbles of the open porous particles have a role of collecting the gas. doing.
In addition, a relatively large amount of water is supplied to the artificial soil, but the air passage formed by the gap also serves as a water passage, and in synergy with the high drainage of the open porous particles, excess water is externally supplied. In addition to preventing root rot by flowing into the water, it also has a water retention effect that allows many bubbles to accumulate water.
Thus, the open-type porous particles not only have an extremely important role in causing artificial soil to have the three functions of air permeability, water permeability and water retention. Since it can be formed without taking time and effort, the open porous particles are highly convenient.

The percentage of content in the artificial soil for causing the open porous particles to sufficiently exhibit the above three functions is not particularly limited, but is preferably high, and preferably with respect to the amount obtained by removing fertilizer from the artificial soil. Is 30% by volume or more, more preferably 50% by volume or more.
If it is less than 30% by volume, the above three functions tend not to be exhibited, and plant growth becomes difficult.
According to the experiment of the present inventor, even when the above-mentioned ratio of the open porous particles occupying the artificial soil is 100% by volume, that is, the entire amount is contained, the expected cultivation result is obtained.

  To make artificial soil, depending on the type of plant to be cultivated, determine the combination of open porous particles, fertilizer and other components and their amounts, for example using a cement mixer etc. Mixing as uniformly as possible is effective for providing the artificial soil with the above three functions in a well-balanced manner.

<Plant cultivation container>
The plant cultivation container used in the present invention will be described.
Although the shape of the plant cultivation container is not limited, a box-shaped container is preferably used, and the material can be made of wood, plywood, plastic or metal, and is not particularly limited.
Further, at least a part of the side wall of the plant cultivation container is appropriately used in place of the wavelength-converted fluorescent radioactive sheet and the wavelength-converted fluorescent radioactive net proposed by the present inventors in Patent No. 5505630, etc., to promote crop growth. You can also The wavelength conversion fluorescent radiation sheet will be described later.
Further, the size of the plant cultivation container is not limited and is determined by the type of plant to be cultivated or the cultivation scale, but in the case of ginseng, for example, the width is about 50 to 100 cm and the height is about 40 to 60 cm. The length is determined by the cultivation scale and the like, and there is no limit.

<Configuration of the bottom of the plant cultivation container>
When cultivating ginseng, the artificial soil is required to have a drainage property that does not cause root rot while ensuring water retention, and therefore, the structure of the bottom of the plant cultivation container is characterized.
The bottom of the plant cultivation container has a high strength that can withstand the load of artificial soil and can prevent the release of open-type air bubbles and the like, and a drainage member that does not collect moisture (referred to as a water-permeable member) ) Is fixed.
The water-permeable member is preferably plate-like or film-like and flexible like a net, and the material is not limited, such as metal or plastic. The diameter of the water passage hole is preferably about 0.1 to 0.25 mm.

A member for collecting water leaking from the water permeable member (hereinafter referred to as a water leakage collecting member) is installed below the water permeable member.
The water-permeable member is fixed with a tension at the bottom, but the water leakage accumulation member supports the bulge formed by the load of the artificial soil, and the water collected at that portion is transmitted to the surface of the water leakage accumulation member. Flowing and drained.
Examples of the water leakage accumulating member include a metal net having a shape that supports the water-permeable member under load and collects water at the contacted portion, and a member having uneven irregularities, and the surface is coated with a resin. Those having water resistance and water repellency are preferably used.
For example, in the case of a wire mesh, a mesh having a size of about 5 mm to 2 cm is preferable.
Further, when necessary, a drainage member that becomes a drainage groove with a space below the leak accumulation member, for example, a plate-like member having an inclination of about 20 cm in height with respect to a length of 20 m. Can be installed.

If one long large thing can be used as a plant cultivation container described above, a plurality of small things can also be used.
When a plurality of small containers are used side by side, for example, the air supply tube can be used in a skewered state.
Moreover, when using a some container, a cultivation shelf can also be used, About this cultivation shelf, there is no limitation in particular, For example, it is described in patent 5565988 which this inventor proposed from the simple thing. Such a solar panel as a light shielding means can be used.

In addition, using a wavelength-converted fluorescent radiation sheet proposed by the present inventors (Patent No. 5505630, etc.) on a part of the side wall of the plant cultivation container, the plant is irradiated with fluorescence effective for plant growth by blocking direct sunlight. Thus, it can be effectively utilized in the cultivation system of the present invention.
Further, the wavelength-converted fluorescent radiation sheet has a characteristic that the internal temperature is lowered at a high temperature in summer and an appropriate heat retaining effect is generated at a low temperature in winter.

<Cultivation with artificial soil on farmland>
The following explains the cultivation that is performed using artificial soil placed directly on the agricultural ground.
Specifically, for example, a paddy is made on a farmland and embankment is performed, artificial soil is formed on the embankment, and a surrounding structure is installed and fixed so as to surround the artificial soil.
Filling and dredging is not always necessary, and artificial soil can be built directly on farmland.
The enclosing structure is a coined word meaning a structure composed of walls that are connected in one round, with the upper and lower parts removed from a normal box, and the shape is not necessarily limited to a square.
As the material of the surrounding structure, in order to be in direct contact with and fixed to the ground, a material having durability is preferable, and the material used for the aforementioned plant cultivation container can also be used.
For example, if it is a rectangular enclosing structure, it is produced by combining four plate-like members and fixing them so that gas does not leak from the side wall as much as possible, and its size is not limited, It can be selected as appropriate.
In addition, it is necessary to install the surrounding structure so that the injected gas does not leak as much as possible, so that the end portion is buried in the ground to some extent, and to cover the open upper portion with a sheet or the like.
Although it does not specifically limit as this sheet | seat, For example, said wavelength conversion fluorescence radiation sheet | seat can also be used.

  In a plant cultivation system using an enclosed structure, when hydrogen is flowed as a gas, weeds are difficult to grow, and when digging a straw to form artificial soil, the depth of the straw is set so that the worker can work easily. If the height is adjusted, the workability can be improved, for example, the operator need not bend down.

<Gas injected into artificial soil>
Next, the gas injected into the artificial soil will be described.
In general, plants synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide), water, and chlorophyll by light (so-called photosynthesis) and grow. On the other hand, during periods when carbon dioxide supply is restricted (for example, at night), plants Is said to have the function of absorbing oxygen and generating carbon dioxide (so-called photorespiration), preventing the production of active oxygen and protecting plants from light injury.
Even if the artificial soil in the plant cultivation system of the present invention is not artificially injected with gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas, and oxygen gas are naturally supplied from the atmosphere. By forcibly injecting at least one of these three types of gas directly into artificial soil, the total concentration of these gases in the artificial soil is increased, and the roots take in more gas and take advantage of the above functions of the gas. It is characterized by promoting the growth of plants.

The amount of gas injected into the artificial soil varies depending on the type of plant, but as an amount always contained in the whole artificial soil, in the case of ginseng, hydrogen gas having a low specific gravity is 1,000 to 10,000 ppm, especially 3,000 to 7,000 ppm is preferable, carbon dioxide is preferably 500 to 1,000 ppm, particularly preferably 700 to 900 ppm, and oxygen gas is preferably 500 to 2,000 ppm, particularly preferably 700 to 1,500 ppm.
In addition, about the gas to supply, there is no limitation in the manufacturing method etc., For example, what is produced | generated with a photocatalyst as hydrogen gas and oxygen gas can be used.

<Gas injection mechanism>
In the novel plant cultivation system of the present invention, a gas injection mechanism for directly injecting gas into the artificial soil is extremely important.

The gas injection mechanism is not particularly limited, but is preferably a pipe-shaped air supply pipe provided with a gas ejection hole, and is embedded in artificial soil through a through-hole provided in the side wall of the plant cultivation container.
In addition, the air pipe is usually a straight and long one, but is not limited, and is adapted to a planting method or the like according to the type of plant, for example, a bent one or a plurality of ridges. For example, a gas that has been appropriately processed into a shape / structure that allows the gas to spread throughout the artificial soil as much as possible, such as those that are connected and communicated in a shape, can be used.

The material constituting the air pipe is not particularly limited as long as it does not cause deterioration due to gas, and a material made of resin such as polyethylene or a metal such as stainless steel is used, and the inner diameter is 8 to 15 mm. Those having an outer diameter of about 12 to 30 mm are preferably used. When the gas to be supplied is hydrogen gas, it is preferable to select a gas that does not deteriorate by reacting with the gas.
Moreover, the diameter of the ejection hole provided in the air supply pipe is required to be smaller than the particle size of the open cell particles so that the open cell particles are not clogged, and is preferably about 30 to 100 μm, and the number thereof is particularly limited. For example, it is possible to prepare a plurality of air supply pipes having different numbers of ejection holes and switch them according to the gas flow rate.
Moreover, it is preferable to provide this ejection hole so that gas can be ejected in a three-dimensional direction.

  Furthermore, as another gas injection mechanism, the side wall of the plant cultivation container has a double structure composed of two plate-like members, and a gas ejection hole is provided in a member (inner wall) on the artificial soil side. It is possible to adopt a method in which gas is supplied to the gap formed between the cylindrical members, and the gas is injected into the artificial soil from the ejection holes, and the air pipe and the double structure method can be used in combination. .

Depending on the type of gas to be injected, dedicated air pipes for carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas and oxygen gas can be prepared and used.
In addition, the air pipe is embedded in the artificial soil substantially parallel to the artificial soil surface, assuming the root length of the plant to be harvested, and taking into account the specific gravity of the gas to reach the root area, In the case of hydrogen gas having a low specific gravity, it is preferably buried in the lower part, in the case of carbon dioxide gas having a higher specific gravity than that in the upper part, and further in such a manner that the outlet hole of the air supply pipe is directed toward the root.
Furthermore, instead of fixedly installing the air pipe, it can be used by moving it up and down from the artificial soil surface to the bottom of the container and using either one or both of these fixed and manual operations. Gas can also be injected.

<Gas supply means>
Next, gas supply means for supplying gas to the gas injection mechanism will be described.
Although it does not specifically limit as a gas supply means, For example, the gas cylinder into which predetermined gas was press-fitted is used.
As each gas cylinder filled with hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, and oxygen gas, those equipped with a pressure regulator and a pressure gauge are preferably used, and the gas is supplied to the gas injection mechanism after adjusting the pressure.

With the gas handling method in mind, it is preferable to adjust the hydrogen gas to about 0.1 to 0.2 MPa and the carbon dioxide to about 20 liters / minute.
In addition, the supply time is not particularly limited, and the longer the effect, the higher the effect can be. However, the supply time can be intermittent rather than continuous, and the supply time can be about 10 to 15 minutes once a day. A sufficient effect can be exhibited.

In the plant cultivation system of the present invention, in order to exert the desired effect of the gas to be injected, first, after determining the type of gas to be injected, the injection amount and the injection time zone (start time and end time), It is preferable to start the injection.
Therefore, it is preferable that the gas control means capable of automatically controlling the gas type, the injection amount, and the injection time zone is included in the gas supply means or separately provided as an accessory.
In addition, it is preferable to use a tube to send gas from the gas supply means to the gas injection mechanism. For example, a tube made of a non-chemically reactive material such as urethane resin is preferable. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully select the material.

<Gas injection method, etc.>
A gas injection method will be described.
It is effective to inject hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas effective for photosynthesis during the time period of oxygen generation type photosynthesis by sunlight radiation and artificial light radiation.
Injecting hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas at the same time is not preferable because they may react, and it is preferable to inject hydrogen gas having a low specific gravity first to sufficiently diffuse the medium, and then inject carbon dioxide gas. .
On the other hand, in the non-oxygen-generating photosynthetic time zone where the amount of irradiation light is small at night, oxygen gas is injected to generate carbon dioxide as described above, which is effective in preventing the generation of active oxygen.
In addition, in the cultivation system of this invention, as irradiation light for cultivation, sunlight of not only direct light but indirect light, or artificial light by electricity, such as a fluorescent lamp and LED, can be used, for example.

In the cultivation system of the present invention, as a method for injecting gas into the artificial soil, in combination with the gas injection mechanism, for example, from the tip of the tube connected to the gas supply means, to the entire surface of the artificial soil The gas injection effect can be more effectively exhibited by ejecting gas and injecting it into the artificial soil from the surface.
Not only when supplying gas to the artificial soil surface, but also for the gas that flows to the surface through the artificial soil by the gas injection mechanism, the side wall of the cultivation container should be attached so that the gas accumulated on the artificial soil surface does not leak to the outside. It is preferable to keep it high, and this is particularly effective for carbon dioxide gas having a large specific gravity.
Furthermore, the open upper part of the plant cultivation container can be covered with, for example, the aforementioned wavelength-converted fluorescent radiation sheet so that the gas does not leak outside.

<Gas injection mechanism and gas supply means in artificial soil cultivation on agricultural land>
When an air supply pipe is used as the gas injection mechanism, the air supply pipe is installed through a through hole provided in the enclosure structure. In the case of a double structure, at least a part of the wall of the enclosure structure is doubled. The structure is such that an injection hole is provided in the inner wall and gas is allowed to flow into the gap of the double structure. Other conditions such as the gas injection mechanism and the gas supply means are the same as in the case of the plant cultivation container.

<Water supply>
The water supply performed by the plant cultivation method of the present invention will be described.
In the plant cultivation method of the present invention, it is necessary to keep the artificial soil constantly in a state of water retention, and water supply is therefore an indispensable work.
As described above, the air bubbles of the open cell particles contained in the artificial soil also have a function of storing water, and the drainage of the material of the open cell particles and the gap formed between the open cell particles are the water channel. As a result, the supplied water is drained and retained in a well-balanced manner to maintain a water retention state effective for growth.
The amount of water supply is not limited, but it is preferably supplied at a rate of about 18 to 30 liters per cubic meter of artificial soil per day.
Although there is no limitation in particular as a water supply method, it carries out from the artificial soil surface using a normal watering machine, a spring cler, etc.

<Use of active hydrogen water and additional fertilizer solution>
In order to further promote the growth of the plant, active hydrogen water and / or a top fertilizing aqueous solution (hereinafter also referred to as active hydrogen water or the like) can be supplied in accordance with gas injection.
Specifically, a storage container for active hydrogen water or the like is prepared as necessary, and the active hydrogen water or the like is poured into the artificial soil by flowing the gas with the gas or at another time into the air supply pipe for gas injection. It can be carried out or can be carried out by spraying active hydrogen water or the like from the artificial soil surface in the same manner as the water supply, and can also be used in combination with a method using an air pipe.

<Shading method, solar panel, fluorescent radioactive sheet>
When cultivating ginseng by the plant cultivation system of the present invention, it is not necessary to have a light shielding rate of 90 to 95% as in the conventional method, and it is only necessary to avoid direct sunlight.
Therefore, a sunshade roof or a light-shielding net can be used as the light-shielding means, and it is also possible to cultivate in the sun using a solar panel with relatively little variation in the light-shielding state formed.
In particular, solar power generation has been actively conducted in various places in recent years, so it is considered effective from the viewpoint of land use under the solar panel.
Moreover, it can also be cultivated in a building such as a greenhouse, and the above-described wavelength-converted fluorescent radioactive sheet can be used as a light shielding means to cover the open upper part of the open type cultivation container and shield it from light.

<Advantages and summary of this plant cultivation system>
As mentioned above, according to the conventional cultivation method of ginseng, the cultivation period is 5-6 years for medicinal and 2-4 years for food, and as a result, the soil after harvesting is exhausted. It was impossible to continue the series.
According to the plant cultivation system of the present invention, artificial soil can be easily prepared, and in the case of edible ginseng, it can be harvested in a short period of time within about 4 months, and the artificial soil after harvesting is finished. Since continuous cropping is possible by additional fertilization, continuous plant cultivation is possible, and ginseng with a high ginsenoside content can be harvested.

In addition, the gas injected into the artificial soil in the present invention has a combined effect, carbon dioxide gas has the effect of soil sterilization and insecticide such as mites, and hydrogen gas has the effect of soil sterilization and especially the fertilizer and topdressing of nitrogenous fertilizer. It was improved.
Although the present invention has been examined with ginseng as the main research subject, it has been confirmed that the novel plant cultivation system of the present invention can be applied not only to ginseng but also to other plants.

<Description of the system with drawings>
Next, the plant cultivation system of this invention is demonstrated based on drawing.
First, the plant cultivation system of the present invention will be described by taking, as an example, a case where an upper open box type cultivation container is used and two air supply pipes are used as a gas injection mechanism.
1 is an external view, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB.
A plant cultivation container (1) is comprised from the side wall part (2), (3), (4) and (5) which consist of a plate-shaped member, and a bottom part (6), artificial soil (7) is accommodated, and a side wall The air supply pipe (8) is embedded in the artificial soil (7) through the two through holes (9) provided in the section (2).
The gas supplied from the gas supply means (10) installed outside the plant cultivation container (1) is sent to the air supply pipe (8) through the tube (11), and a large number of the air supply pipes (8) are provided. It is injected into the artificial soil (7) from a jet hole (not shown) to reach the root area of the plant and promote its growth.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the configuration of the inside and bottom (6) of the artificial soil (7) of the plant cultivation container (1) in FIG.
A water-permeable member (13) is fixed to the bottom of the plant cultivation container, and a water leakage accumulation member (14) is installed below the water-permeable member (13).
Through the gap formed between the open porous particles (15) contained in the artificial soil (7), water leaks from the water holes (16) of the water-permeable member (13) ( The fertilizer contained in the artificial soil (7) is not shown).

The water-permeable member (13) forms a bulge or a protruding state (hereinafter collectively referred to as a bulge) in some places by the load of the artificial soil (7), and the bulge portion is a convex portion of the water leakage accumulating member (14). (For example, the bellows-shaped acute angle portion) supports and contacts, and the water in the above-described leakage state flows from the swollen portion to the convex portion.
A drainage member (19) serving as a drainage groove is provided with an interval on the lower side of the water leakage accumulation member (14), receives water flowing from the water leakage accumulation member, and receives a drainage member (19 ) It drains by flowing over. However, the drainage member (19) is not essential in the present invention.
The gas ejected from the ejection hole (17) of the air pipe (8) is brought into contact with the plant root (18) through a gap formed between the open porous particles (15).

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram when the plant cultivation system of the present invention is applied to artificial soil formed on agricultural ground.
The embankment (20) is dug to make the embankment (21), the artificial soil (22) is built on it, and the surrounding structure (23) is installed so as to surround the periphery of the artificial soil (22). In the artificial soil (22), an air supply pipe (24) is embedded, and gas is ejected from the ejection port and supplied to the roots of the plant.
If it is necessary to prevent leakage of the injected gas or adjust the amount of irradiation light, one method is to cover the open upper portion of the surrounding structure (23) with a sheet. A wavelength-converting fluorescent radioactive sheet can be used.
About other conditions, it is the same as that of the case where a plant cultivation container is used.

  EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and comparative reference examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples and comparative reference examples.

<Preparation of plant cultivation system>
(Production of box-type plant cultivation container)
Three types of box-type plant cultivation containers used in the experiment are prepared: one having two air pipes (referred to as container A), one having one air pipe (referred to as container B), and one having no air pipe (referred to as container C). did.
First, a flexible water-permeable member made of plywood with a side wall portion of 50 cm in length, 75 cm in width, and 490 cm in depth and 0.98 mm mesh (mesh) at the bottom (Dio Kasei Co., Ltd., trade name: Dio Strong) Sunshine N-2220 (width: 93 cm, length: 100 m) was fixed, and a 10 mm mesh wire mesh was installed and fixed to the water-permeable member with a slight gap therebetween to prepare seven containers C.

Next, using two of the containers C, one of two plywood sheets of 50 cm in length and 75 cm in width constituting each side wall portion, at a height of 20 cm from the bottom and 30 cm from both ends, Two through holes having a diameter of about 30 mm are provided in advance.
The air pipe used as the gas injection mechanism is a polyethylene pipe (manufactured by Tomei Kogyo Co., Ltd., 4 diameters, inner diameter 18 mm, outer diameter 30 mm) provided with a number of holes of about 100 μm that allow gas to be ejected in a three-dimensional direction. Then, one with one end closed is used.
Two pipes A were prepared by installing the two pipes in the container through the through-holes and fixing the ends to the through-holes.
Furthermore, using the other two of the containers C, for each of the same side wall plywood provided with a through hole in the container A, at a height of 20 cm from the bottom and 37.5 cm from both ends, A porous pipe was installed in the same manner except that one through-hole having a diameter of about 30 mm was provided, and the same pipe as in the case of the container A was used, and two containers B were produced.

In this way, two containers A and two containers B and three containers C were prepared, and installed on a two-tier shelf under a 50 KW solar power generation panel installed at the foot of Okaya City so as to avoid direct sunlight.
Furthermore, hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, and oxygen gas cylinders each equipped with a pressure gauge and a pressure regulator are installed at a distance of 3 to 5 meters from each container, and polyethylene protrudes from the through-hole portion of the container. The end of the pipe made was connected with a urethane tube to complete the preparation of the plant cultivation system of the present invention.

1.2 Using cubic meter of Korean pyrite (manufactured by Gungon Geotec, Korea) as open-type porous particles, this is mixed with 120 g of Korean fertilizer (trade name: ZE enzyme powder) using a mixer. The artificial soil was accommodated in the cultivation container A so as to have a thickness of about 35 cm, and a polyethylene pipe was embedded in the artificial soil.
Next, 680 two-year-old ginseng seedlings with an average weight of about 0.8 g and an average length of about 5 cm combined with roots and stems, approximately 10 rows in a row and 68 columns in a row at an interval of about 7 cm. The seedlings were planted on June 30, 2014.

Next, using a 7 cubic meter hydrogen gas cylinder and a 30 kg carbon dioxide gas cylinder, after adjusting the flow rate to 0.05 Mpa for hydrogen gas and 17-20 liters per minute for carbon dioxide, the pipe And injected into the artificial soil. The injection time was about 15 minutes in the morning every day.
Moreover, about 20 liters of water was sprayed on the artificial soil surface every day during cultivation.
The oxygen gas cylinder was prepared to switch to the hydrogen gas cylinder in anticipation of the time when the sunshine condition became low, but eventually the cultivation was continued without injecting oxygen gas.
Ginseng was cultivated as described above.

  Using 0.6 cubic meters of Korean perlite (Gungon Geotec, Korea) and 0.6 cubic meters of Showa Denko pearlite as open porous particles, these and 120 grams of Korean fertilizer (trade name) : ZEM enzyme powder) was mixed with a mixer, and ginseng was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained artificial soil was accommodated in the container A.

  0.6 cubic meter Korean perlite (manufactured by Gungon Geotec, Korea) and 0.6 cubic meter Showa Denko pearlite as open porous particles, and 120 grams of vegetable fertilizer containing boron for vegetable Ginseng was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was mixed with Kojiya Co., Ltd. (product number 14-10-12-0.2) and the resulting artificial soil was contained in the container B.

  Using 0.8 cubic meter pearlite made by Showa Denko and 0.4 cubic meter pearlite made by Taiheiyo Cement as open-type porous particles, these and 120 grams of vegetable fertilizer containing boron (Koji Co., Ltd.) Ginseng was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the product No. 14-10-12-0.2) was mixed and the obtained artificial soil was accommodated in the container B.

<Comparative Reference Example 1>
1.2 Using cubic meter of perlite made by Showa Denko as open porous particles, this is mixed with 120 grams of Korean fertilizer (trade name: ZEM enzyme powder), and the resulting artificial soil is placed in a container C. Ginseng was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ginseng was housed.

<Comparative Reference Example 2>
Using 0.8 cubic meter pearlite made by Showa Denko KK and 0.4 cubic meter pearlite pearlite as open-type porous particles, these and 120 grams of vegetable-specific boron-containing chemical fertilizer (Kojiya Co., Ltd.) Ginseng was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained artificial soil was contained in the container C.

<Comparative Reference Example 3>
Using 0.4 cubic meters of sun-cemented pearlite and 0.2 cubic meters of zeolite as open porous particles, 0.3 cubic meters of fermented cow dung, 0.25 cubic meters of red balls ( Ginseng was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the fine particle) and 0.05 cubic meter of germanium-containing biotite were mixed and the resulting artificial soil was housed in a container C.

<Weighed harvest>
On October 15, three and a half months after planting, the growth status of ginseng cultivated in the examples and reference examples was confirmed to confirm the effect of the system of the present invention.
Collect and weigh 50 ginseng from the 1st to 10th rows, counting from the side wall side where the through holes of each cultivation container are provided, 1) 50 total weight (total weight), 2) root The average value of the length of the part of 3 and the average value of the length of the part of the stem 3) were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

<Effects of gas injection: life span and ginsenoside content>
Looking at the weighing results in Table 1, in the case of Examples 1 and 2 in which hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas were injected using two air supply pipes, compared to Examples 3 and 4 with one air supply pipe, It shows that the total weight is large, the roots and stems are long, and the fractional growth with a large injection amount of the gas is fast.
On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Reference Examples 1 to 3 without the gas injection, each weighing data is 20% or more lower than in Examples 1 to 4, and the total amount at the time of harvesting 50 seedlings with a total weight of 40 g is obtained. The weight was 68 g in Example 1 compared with 45 g in Comparative Reference Example 1, and only 5 g (0.1 g / tube) was grown in the latter, indicating that the gas injection effect of the present invention was extremely high. Yes.

When the total weight grows to about 60 g, it is usually handled as a level that can be marketed for food.
When the content of ginsenoside was measured (according to the Japan Food Analysis Center) for the product of Example 1 having a total weight of 68 g, it was 5.2% (5.2 g / 100 g). From this value, it is inferred that photosynthesis is activated by gas injection.
For reference, the content of ginseng side of ginseng cultivated by the conventional method described in advertising materials is shown.
1) Ginseng for Chinese pharmaceuticals ・ Cultivation period: 5-6 years ・ Content: 1.0%
2) Korean Ginseng ・ Cultivation period: 6 years ・ Content: 0.7% (Rules of the Japanese Pharmacy Law)
The above results show that the cultivation method of the present invention not only promotes the growth of ginseng but also increases the content of the active ingredients of ginseng.

  The ginseng cultivated in the examples has a so-called two-year period, that is, it takes about two years from planting to harvesting in the conventional cultivation method. It has grown and the cultivation period has been shortened to about 1/7, which is a truly amazing result.

<Cultivation without gas injection>
Comparative Reference Examples 1 to 3 are experimental examples using artificial soil containing 50 to 100% by volume of open-type porous particles in a cultivation container without a gas injection mechanism. From the fact that it grows to a size of 66% or more with respect to the total weight 68 g of the harvest of Example 1 in the cultivation period of three and a half months, it may be possible to ship in 6 to 12 months. Assumed and so, the cultivation period required for two years will be greatly shortened.
That is, the artificial soil itself containing a large amount of open porous particles of 50 to 100% by volume has three functions of air permeability, water retention and water permeability necessary for cultivation of ginseng at a high level. Therefore, it is extremely useful that can not be imagined by the conventional cultivation method of ginseng.
As plant cultivation performed without injecting such gas, there is a method in which the gas supply means is not operated using the plant cultivation system of the present invention.

(1) Plant cultivation container (2) (3) (4) (5) Side wall part of plant cultivation container (6) Bottom part of plant cultivation container (7) (22) Artificial soil (8) (24) Air pipe (9 ) Through-hole (10) Gas supply means (11) Tube (12) Plant root area (13) Water-permeable member (14) Leakage accumulation member (15) Open-type porous particle (16) Water-permeable member (13) Water flow hole (17) Drainage member (18) Air discharge pipe (8) Blow hole (19) Plant root (20) Reed (21) Fill (23) Fence structure

It is an external view at the time of applying the plant cultivation system of this invention to the artificial soil accommodated in the plant cultivation container. It is sectional drawing at the time of using a plant cultivation container. It is other sectional drawing at the time of using a plant cultivation container. It is the schematic diagram expanded centering on the artificial soil inside and bottom part of a plant cultivation container. It is a schematic diagram at the time of applying the plant cultivation system of this invention to the artificial soil arrange | positioned on the agricultural ground.

Claims (26)

A plant cultivation system for forcibly injecting at least one gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas into artificial soil for cultivating plants,
A mechanism for injecting gas into the artificial soil (gas injection mechanism);
Means for supplying gas to the gas injection mechanism (gas supply means),
A plant cultivation system, wherein the artificial soil contains at least open-type porous particles and fertilizer.   2. The plant cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein a volume ratio of the open-type porous particles in a portion excluding the fertilizer from the artificial soil is 30 to 100%. The artificial soil is housed in a top-opening plant cultivation container;
2. A member (water-permeable member) having a function of preventing outflow of components constituting the artificial soil and having a water passage hole on the entire surface is installed at the bottom of the plant cultivation container. Or the plant cultivation system of 2.   The plant cultivation system according to claim 3, wherein a member (leakage accumulation member) that accumulates and discharges water leakage from the water passage hole is installed below the water passage member.   The said gas injection | pouring mechanism is an air supply pipe | tube which has a gas ejection hole, Comprising: It is embed | buried in artificial soil through the through-hole provided in the side wall of this plant cultivation container. The plant cultivation system described.   The gas injection mechanism is a double structure composed of two plate-like members constituting at least a part of the side wall of the plant cultivation container, and a gas ejection hole is provided in the plate-like member constituting the inner wall, The plant cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a hole for allowing a gas supplied from the gas supply means to flow is provided in a plate-like member constituting the outer wall.   The plant cultivation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the artificial soil is directly provided on the agricultural ground, and a structure (enclosed structure) surrounding the artificial soil is installed.   The plant cultivation system according to claim 7, wherein the gas injection mechanism is an air supply pipe having a gas ejection hole, and is embedded in artificial soil through a through-hole provided in the surrounding structure.   The gas injection mechanism is a double structure composed of two plate-like members constituting at least a part of the surrounding structure, and the gas ejection holes are provided in the plate-like member constituting the inner wall, and the outer wall is The plant cultivation system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a hole for allowing the gas supplied from the gas supply means to flow is provided in the plate-like member to be configured.   Gas control means that is linked to the gas supply means is installed outside the plant cultivation apparatus, and the gas control means controls the type, supply amount, and supply time (start time and end time) of the gas. The plant cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.   The open porous particles are used in combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of pearlite, zeolite, pumice, artificial glass, sintered ceramic, and steel slag. Item 11. A plant cultivation system according to any one of Items 1 to 10.   The plant cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein in addition to gas, active hydrogen water and / or an additional fertilizer aqueous solution are injected by the gas injection means.   The plant cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein hydrogen gas and oxygen gas supplied from the gas supply means are generated by a photocatalyst.   The plant cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a solar panel and / or a wavelength-converted fluorescent radioactive material is used as the light shielding means.   A plant cultivation system, wherein at least one part of the side wall of the plant cultivation container according to claim 3 or at least one part of the surrounding structure according to claim 7 is formed of a wavelength-converted fluorescent radioactive material.   Artificial soil for plant cultivation containing at least open-type porous particles and fertilizer is housed in a plant cultivation container or directly placed on the agricultural ground, and selected from the group consisting of hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas in the artificial soil A plant cultivation method characterized by forcibly injecting at least one kind of gas and supplying water to artificial soil.   When cultivating ginseng, the concentration of gas contained in the whole artificial soil will be 500-1000 ppm for carbon dioxide, 1000-10000 ppm for hydrogen gas, and 500-2000 ppm for oxygen gas per cubic meter of medium. The plant cultivation method according to claim 16, wherein the plant cultivation method is injected into the plant.   The plant cultivation method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein when cultivating ginseng, water is supplied at a rate of 18 to 30 liters per cubic meter of soil per day.   The plant cultivation method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas are injected during a time zone of oxygen-generating photosynthesis by light radiation.   The plant cultivation method according to claim 19, wherein carbon dioxide gas is injected after hydrogen gas.   21. The plant cultivation method according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein oxygen gas is injected during a non-oxygen-generating photosynthesis time zone with a small amount of light.   The plant cultivation method according to any one of claims 16 to 21, wherein the type, supply amount, supply time, and supply time zone of the gas are controlled and adjusted.   23. The plant cultivation method according to any one of claims 16 to 22, wherein active hydrogen water and / or a top fertilizing aqueous solution is injected and / or sprayed.   An artificial soil containing at least open-type porous particles and fertilizer is housed in an upper open-type plant cultivation container, and ginseng is cultivated therein, and the open occupies a portion of the artificial soil excluding fertilizer Ginseng cultivation method, wherein the volume ratio of the type porous particles is 30 to 100%.   An artificial soil for ginseng cultivation, comprising open porous particles and fertilizer, wherein the volume ratio of the open porous particles in a portion of the artificial soil excluding the fertilizer is 30 to 100%.   An artificial soil for growing ginseng, characterized in that it contains open porous particles and fertilizer, and the volume ratio of the open porous particles in the portion of the artificial soil excluding the fertilizer is 100%.

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