JP2009165491A - Plant cultivation apparatus and plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant cultivation apparatus preventing occurrence of bubbles and supplying a gas dissolved solution in which oxygen is dissolved at a high concentration to plants. <P>SOLUTION: This plant cultivation device has a gas dissolving device (A) and a cultivation container 36 for cultivating a plant 35. The gas dissolving device (A) has a pressurizing part 1 which forcefully feeds liquid, a gas pouring part 2 which pours oxygen as gas into liquid, a pressurizing dissolving part 3 which dissolves gas in liquid by pressure caused by forcefully feeding liquid into which gas is poured, by the pressurizing part 1, and a depressurizing part 4 which sequentially depressurizes to an atmospheric pressure, a pressure of a gas dissolved solution in which gas is dissolved in the pressurizing dissolving part 3, through gradually quickening a current speed of the gas dissolved solution from an inflow side to an outflow side of the gas solution. Furthermore, the gas dissolving device A includes continuously driving each of the parts of the pressurizing part 1, the gas pouring part 2, and the gas dissolving part 3, continuously supplying the gas dissolved solution to the depressurizing part 4, and continuously ejecting the gas dissolved solution causing no bubble from an outflow side of the depressurizing part 4. The plant cultivation apparatus includes supplying the gas dissolved solution causing no bubble ejected from an outflow side of the depressurizing part, to the cultivation container 36. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus and a plant cultivation method using a gas solution obtained by dissolving a gas at a high concentration.

  A gas solution obtained by dissolving a gas such as oxygen, ozone, carbon dioxide, or argon in a liquid such as water at a high concentration is used in various fields. For example, in the environmental field, for purification of closed water areas such as ponds and reservoirs, sewage treatment, soil purification, industrial wastewater purification, etc. It is used for processing water, food washing water, anti-corruption, etc., in the manufacturing industry, for parts washing, etc., and for home use as oxygen water for beverages, cosmetics, etc.

  Patent Document 1 proposes a gas dissolving apparatus that mixes a gas containing oxygen and a liquid under pressure and dissolves the gas in the liquid to generate high-concentration oxygen bubble water. By supplying the bubble water supplied from the dissolving device to the culture medium and soil for plant cultivation, it became possible to grow a large number of plants without causing oxygen deficiency with high oxygen concentration water. Plant cultivation equipment has been proposed.

  However, in the plant cultivation apparatus of Patent Document 1, when supplying high-oxygen-bubble water, bubbles are generated in the liquid due to a rapid drop in pressure, and the amount of dissolved oxygen is reduced. There's a problem. In addition, when supplying high oxygen concentration bubbling water from the gas dissolving device to the culture medium and soil, the bubbles generated in this way adhere to the water channel, and further, bubbles adhere to the roots of the plant. There is also a problem that it is difficult to spread oxygen throughout.

  As a gas dissolving device for producing a gas dissolving solution in which gas is dissolved at a high concentration, liquid and gas are supplied to a sealed tank, and the liquid collides against a baffle plate provided in the sealed tank, so that a large amount of liquid splashes are generated. By generating, gas is dissolved in liquid droplets (see Patent Document 2), liquid and gas are supplied to a sealed tank, the sealed tank is divided into a plurality of chambers, and the pressure difference between each chamber There is proposed an apparatus in which a gas is dissolved in a spray of liquid ejected by ejecting the liquid into another chamber by using (see Patent Document 3).

  However, in the above-mentioned Patent Documents 2 and 3, since the gas is dissolved by bringing the gas into contact with the liquid droplets, a large sealed tank is required, and the apparatus becomes large. There was a problem and there was a problem that gas dissolution efficiency was also bad. In addition, when taking out a gas solution with a high concentration of gas dissolved from the sealed tank, there is a risk that bubbles will be generated in the liquid due to a rapid drop in pressure, resulting in a decrease in the amount of dissolved gas or cavitation. There was also a problem.

  On the other hand, a technique has also been proposed in which a gas-dissolved solution in which a gas is dissolved at a high concentration can be discharged without generating bubbles in the liquid.

  For example, in Patent Document 4, after ozone is dissolved in a solvent such as water and dissolved by applying pressure, the ozone solution is passed through a narrow path in a laminar flow state to reduce the pressure, so that no bubbles of ozone are generated. In this way, ozone solution is discharged. However, in Patent Document 4, this narrow path is composed of a collection of narrow pipes having a diameter of about 0.5 mm, and the narrow path is likely to be clogged due to the inclusion of foreign matter, and is used for applications such as wastewater treatment and water purification. There is a problem that the use is limited.

  Further, in Patent Document 5, the gas-enriched fluid in which the treatment gas is dissolved in the wastewater is decompressed through a nozzle having a plurality of fluid passages, so that the gas-enriched fluid is discharged without generating bubbles. Yes. However, in Patent Document 5, the fluid passage is made of a capillary tube having an inner diameter of about 150 to 450 μm, and there is a problem that the fluid passage is likely to be clogged due to the inclusion of foreign matter as described above.

  In Patent Document 6, the liquid is compressed to remove the cavitation nuclei, then the liquid and the gas are compressed to form a gas supersaturated liquid, and the gas supersaturated liquid is ejected through the delivery system. In this way, the gas supersaturated liquid can be jetted through the delivery system in a state where bubbles are not generated. However, in Patent Document 6, in order to compress the liquid and remove the cavitation nuclei in this way, a small capillary channel is used, and the capillary channel is clogged due to the mixing of foreign substances as described above. There was a problem that it was easy.

JP 2006-304714 A JP 2002-346351 A JP 2003-190750 A JP 2000-334283 A JP-T-2004-505752 Japanese National Patent Publication No. 10-507400

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and can dissolve gas efficiently without the need for a large tank, and can also be used for the gas solution without clogging even if foreign matter is mixed in. An object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation apparatus and a plant cultivation method that can perform decompression and supply a gas-dissolved solution in which oxygen is stably dissolved at a high concentration by preventing generation of bubbles. It is.

  In the plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention, the pressurizing unit 1 that pumps the liquid, the gas injection unit 2 that injects the gas into the liquid, and the liquid into which the gas is injected are pumped by the pressurizing unit 1. The pressure dissolution part 3 for dissolving the gas in the liquid by pressurization and the pressure of the gas solution obtained by dissolving the gas in the pressure dissolution part 3 are dissolved from the inflow side to the outflow side of the gas solution. A pressure reducing unit 4 that gradually increases the flow rate of the liquid and sequentially reduces the pressure to atmospheric pressure, and continuously operates each of the pressurizing unit 1, the gas injection unit 2, and the pressure dissolving unit 3. The gas dissolving device A is configured to continuously supply the gas dissolving solution and discharge the gas dissolving solution without generation of bubbles from the outflow side of the decompression unit 4, and the cultivation container 36 for growing the plant 35. Gas using oxygen as the gas and free of bubbles generated from the outflow side of the decompression unit 4 It is characterized in that formed by supplying a solution to the culture vessel 36.

  According to the present invention, the gas is dissolved in the liquid by pressurization, so that the gas can be efficiently dissolved, and it is not necessary to form the pressurization / dissolution part 3 with a tank having a large volume, and the scale of the apparatus is reduced. It can be made smaller. Moreover, since the gas solution in which the gas is dissolved is decompressed by the decompression unit 4, it is possible to obtain a stable high-concentration gas solution by preventing bubbles from being generated in the gas solution, and to prevent cavitation from occurring. It is something that can be done. And since this pressure reduction part 4 pressure-reduces the pressure of a gas solution from an inflow side to an outflow side to atmospheric pressure sequentially, it is not necessary to form with a thin flow path etc., and it forms with a comparatively thick flow path etc. The gas solution can be depressurized without being clogged even if foreign matter is mixed in. Furthermore, by providing such a decompression unit 4, not only the laminar flow state where the Reynolds number of the gas solution flowing through the decompression unit 4 is smaller than the critical Reynolds number (Re = 2320), but also larger than the critical Reynolds number. It is possible to cope with a turbulent flow state having a Reynolds number.

  And the plant cultivation apparatus of this invention is made to supply a plant with the gas solution which the oxygen produced | generated with the gas dissolving apparatus A melt | dissolved with high concentration as agricultural water, and supplies a lot of oxygen to a plant It is possible to promote the growth and germination of the plant, and it is possible to cultivate the plant without producing an oxygen deficient state even in a dense state.

  The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the gas dissolving device is provided with an excess gas discharge portion 5 for discharging excess gas that is not dissolved in the liquid in the pressure dissolution portion 3. .

  According to the present invention, the excess gas that cannot be dissolved more than the dissolution saturation amount of the gas is discharged from the pressure dissolution unit 3, thereby stabilizing the ratio of the gas and the liquid in the pressure dissolution unit 3 due to the surplus gas remaining. Thus, pressure fluctuation can be prevented, and the gas dissolution efficiency can be kept high.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the decompression unit 4 of the gas dissolving device is provided in the flow path 6 for sending the gas dissolved solution from the pressurized dissolving unit 3, and the pressure of the gas dissolved solution is set to atmospheric pressure. It is characterized by comprising a plurality of pressure regulating valves 7 that reduce the pressure step by step.

  According to this invention, the pressure of the gas solution can be reduced by adjusting the pressure with the pressure adjusting valve 7, and the pressure of the gas dissolving solution can be reduced by adjusting the pressure with the pressure adjusting valve 7 according to the pressure in the pressure dissolving unit 3. It is possible to stably prevent the generation of bubbles.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the decompression unit 4 of the gas dissolving device is configured to reduce the pressure of the gas solution to atmospheric pressure by adjusting at least one of the channel cross-sectional area and the channel length. It is characterized by comprising the flow path 6 which sends out the gas solution from the pressure dissolution part 3 formed so that it may do.

  According to the present invention, the pressure of the gas solution can be lowered by the channel cross-sectional area and the channel length of the channel 6 for sending the gas solution from the pressure dissolution unit 3, and the structure of the apparatus can be simplified. It can be formed.

  The invention of claim 5 is characterized in that, in claim 3 or 4, the decompression section 4 of the gas dissolving apparatus is formed by a single flow path.

  According to the present invention, the apparatus configuration does not become complicated as in the case where the pressure reducing unit 4 is formed by providing a plurality of flow paths.

  The invention of claim 6 is the extended flow added to the flow path 6 and the pressure loss of the flow path 6 in which the gas dissolving device sends out the gas dissolved liquid from the pressure dissolving section 3 in any one of the first to fifth aspects. The flow path 6 is such that the sum of the pressure losses in the path 8 becomes a pressure necessary to pressurize the liquid and gas in the pressure dissolution section 3 by the pressure of the liquid and gas pumped by the pressure section 1. And an extension channel 8 is added to the above.

  According to the present invention, by adding the extension flow path 8 to the flow path 6, it is possible to secure the pressure in the pressurizing and dissolving section 3 with the pushing pressure from the pressurizing section 1 without using a throttle valve. The gas can be dissolved in the liquid at this pressure.

  The invention of claim 7 is the gas generating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the gas dissolving device generates gas in the gas dissolving liquid as fine bubbles in the flow path 6 for sending the gas dissolving liquid from the pressure dissolving section 3. It is characterized in that a fine bubble extraction channel 9 is provided.

  According to the present invention, in addition to taking out a gas solution in which a gas is dissolved at a high concentration, it is also possible to generate fine bubbles from the gas solution.

  The invention of claim 8 is characterized in that, in any one of claims 1 to 7, the gas dissolving apparatus is formed by connecting the surplus gas discharge part 5 to the gas injection part 2 by the connecting part 10. .

  According to the present invention, the surplus gas that does not dissolve in the liquid in the pressure dissolving section 3 can be mixed with the liquid again in the gas injection section 2, and it is not necessary to discharge the surplus gas to the atmosphere and throw it away.

  The invention of claim 9 is characterized in that the pressurizing section 1 of the gas dissolving apparatus is formed by a water pipe 11 for pumping water to the gas injection section 2.

  According to the present invention, water can be pumped to the gas injection part 2 using the water pipe 19 to which tap water is supplied at a predetermined pressure, and power for pumping water to the gas injection part 2 is unnecessary. It will be.

  Invention of the plant cultivation method of claim 10 pumps a liquid, injects oxygen as a gas into the pumped liquid, dissolves the gas in the liquid by pressurization by pumping the liquid injected with the gas, By continuously reducing the pressure to atmospheric pressure while sending the liquid in which the gas is dissolved so that the flow rate is gradually increased, a gas solution without generation of bubbles is continuously generated. 35.

  The plant cultivation method of the present invention is such that a gas-dissolved solution in which oxygen is dissolved at a high concentration is supplied to plants as agricultural water, and a large amount of oxygen can be supplied to plants, so that the growth and germination of plants can be achieved. In addition, the plant can be cultivated without causing an oxygen deficient state even in a dense state.

  According to the present invention, the gas is dissolved in the liquid by pressurization, so that the gas can be dissolved efficiently and there is no need to form the pressurization / dissolution part 3 with a large volume tank. Thus, the apparatus scale can be reduced. In addition, since the gas solution obtained by dissolving the gas is decompressed by the decompression unit 4, it is possible to obtain a stable high-concentration gas solution by preventing bubbles from being generated in the gas solution. It is possible to prevent cavitation from occurring. Furthermore, the decompression unit 4 is for decompressing the pressure of the gas solution sequentially from the inflow side to the outflow side to the atmospheric pressure, and the decompression unit 4 can be formed with a relatively thick channel or the like. The gas solution can be depressurized without clogging even if foreign matter is mixed. A large amount of oxygen can be supplied to the plant by promoting the growth and germination of the plant by supplying the plant with a gas-dissolved solution in which oxygen produced by the gas-dissolving device is dissolved at a high concentration as agricultural water. In addition, the plant can be cultivated without producing an oxygen deficiency even in a dense state.

It is the schematic which shows an example of a gas dissolving apparatus. It is a partial schematic diagram showing another example of a gas dissolving device. It is a partial schematic diagram showing another example of a gas dissolving device. It shows another example of the gas dissolving apparatus, and (a), (b), and (c) are partial schematic diagrams, respectively. It is a partial schematic diagram showing another example of a gas dissolving device. It is a partial schematic diagram showing another example of a gas dissolving device. (A) (b) is a perspective view which shows an example of a gas dissolving apparatus. It shows another example of a gas dissolving device, (a) is a schematic diagram, (b) is a perspective view of a fine bubble generating nozzle. It is the schematic which shows another example of a gas dissolving apparatus. It is a graph which shows the relationship between water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) in the case of dissolving air in water at a pressure of 0.5 MPa. An example of the plant cultivation apparatus of this invention is shown, (a) is the schematic of the plant cultivation apparatus for hydroponics, (b) is the schematic of the plant cultivation apparatus for liquid manure cultivation.

  Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of a gas dissolving device, in which flow paths 15 and 6 formed by piping are respectively connected to the outflow side and the inflow side of the pressure dissolution unit 3. One end of the flow path 15 on the inflow side is connected to the pressure dissolution unit 3, and the other end is connected to a liquid tank 17 that stores a liquid 16 such as water, and the pressure unit 1 is provided in the middle of the flow path 15. is there. The pressurizing unit 1 is formed by, for example, a pump 18 that sucks the liquid 16 from the liquid tank 17 and feeds it to the pressurizing and dissolving unit 3.

  Further, the gas injection part 2 is connected to the flow path 15 on the inflow side. The gas injection part 2 is for supplying and injecting gas into the flow path 15. For example, when supplying air as a gas, the other end of the tube whose one end is opened to the atmosphere is connected to the flow path 15. The gas injection part 2 is formed in connection with Alternatively, when oxygen, ozone, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, or the like is supplied as a gas, a cylinder filled with these gases is connected to the flow path 15 to form the gas injection part 2. . The connection position of the gas injection part 2 to the flow path 15 may be a position upstream of the pressure dissolving part 3 and is connected to the flow path 15 upstream of the pressure part 1 as shown in FIG. Alternatively, it may be either connected to the flow path 15 on the downstream side of the pressurizing unit 1.

  On the other hand, one end of the flow path 6 on the outflow side is connected to the pressure dissolution unit 3 and the other end is connected to a gas solution recovery tank (not shown) or the like, and is open to the atmosphere. The flow path 6 is provided with a decompression section 4. Furthermore, the pressure dissolution unit 3 is provided with an excess gas discharge unit 5. For example, the surplus gas discharge unit 5 connects a tubular body having one end opened to the atmosphere via a degassing valve or the like that opens when the pressure in the pressure dissolution unit 3 exceeds a predetermined pressure. It is formed by doing.

  In the gas dissolving apparatus formed as described above, the pressurizing unit 1 formed by the pump 18 is operated, the liquid is sucked from the liquid tank 17, and the liquid is pumped to the pressurizing and dissolving unit 3 through the flow path 15. And supply. As described above, when the liquid flows in the flow channel 15, the gas is sucked into the flow channel 15 from the gas injection unit 2, and the gas is injected into the liquid. Then, the liquid into which the gas has been injected in this manner is sent by being sent to the pressurizing / dissolving unit 3 by the pressurizing unit 1, and pressure is applied to the liquid and the gas in the pressurizing / dissolving unit 3 by the pushing force by the pumping. Become high pressure. Thus, by pressurizing the liquid and the gas in the pressurizing / dissolving unit 3, the gas can be efficiently dissolved in the liquid to a saturation amount or more, and a gas-dissolved solution in which the gas is dissolved at a high concentration in the liquid is obtained. It is something that can be done. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) when air is dissolved in water at a pressure of 0.5 MPa using the gas dissolving apparatus of the present invention. As can be seen from this graph, when air is mixed with water having a water temperature of 27 ° C. and a pressure of 0.5 MPa is applied in the pressurizing / dissolving unit 3, high-concentration oxygen-dissolved water having a dissolved oxygen concentration of 35 mg / L is produced. It is something that can be done.

  Further, as described above, the liquid and the gas are pressurized in the pressure dissolution unit 3 to forcibly dissolve efficiently, and a gas solution in which the gas is dissolved at a high concentration can be generated in a short time. The gas can be dissolved in the liquid in the pressure dissolving section 3 while the gas dissolving liquid generated in the pressure dissolving section 3 is sent out through the flow path 6. Therefore, it is not necessary to form the pressure dissolving part 3 with a large volume such as a tank, and the apparatus scale can be reduced and the cost of the apparatus can be reduced.

  Here, if the total amount of gas does not dissolve in the liquid, surplus gas that does not dissolve in the liquid is generated in the pressurized dissolution unit 3. By discharging the excess gas that cannot be dissolved from the pressure dissolution unit 3, the ratio of the gas and the liquid in the pressure dissolution unit 3 due to the surplus gas remaining can be stabilized and the pressure fluctuation can be prevented. The dissolution efficiency can be kept high.

  And although the gas solution produced | generated in the pressurization melt | dissolution part 3 as mentioned above is sent out through the flow path 6, since the gas solution is in the state pressurized by the high pressure in the pressurization melt | dissolution part 3, When discharged to the outside under atmospheric pressure as it is, there is a risk that bubbles will be generated in the gas solution due to a rapid pressure drop, and the amount of dissolved gas may be reduced and cavitation may occur. For this reason, in the present invention, when the pressure reducing part 4 is provided in the flow path 6 and the gas solution in a state pressurized in the pressure dissolving part 3 is sent out through the flow path 6, the flow rate is gradually increased. While being fed, the pressure reducing unit 4 discharges the pressure without reducing the pressure to atmospheric pressure without generating bubbles.

  Here, when the gas solution having the same concentration as that generated in the pressure dissolution unit 3 is depressurized from the same pressure as that pressurized in the pressure dissolution unit 3 to the atmospheric pressure, bubbles are generated. The degree of decompression that does not occur is obtained in advance by calculation or measurement, and the pressure of the gas solution is stepwise from the inflow side to the outflow side by the decompression unit 4 at the predetermined degree of decompression. Or continuously or gradually so that the pressure can be reduced to atmospheric pressure. Accordingly, after the gas dissolved liquid pressurized in the pressure dissolving section 3 is sent so that the flow rate is gradually increased, the pressure reducing section 4 gradually depressurizes to atmospheric pressure at a degree of decompression that does not generate bubbles, and then the flow path By discharging from the tip of gas 6, the gas solution can be discharged without generating bubbles in the gas solution, and the gas solution in which the gas is dissolved at a saturation amount or more in the pressure dissolution unit 3 Can be taken out and used in a stable high concentration state.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of a specific embodiment of the decompression unit 4, and a plurality of pressure regulating valves 7 (along the flow direction of the liquid are provided in the flow path 6 connected to the pressure dissolution unit 3. 7a, 7b, 7c) is provided to form the decompression section 4. Thus, by forming the decompression unit 4 with the plurality of pressure regulating valves 7, the pressure of the gas solution can be gradually reduced step by step with a degree of decompression that does not generate bubbles.

  Each pressure regulating valve 7a, 7b, 7c is set to depressurize at a degree of decompression that does not generate bubbles in the gas solution, and this degree of decompression is set to a numerical value obtained in advance by calculation or measurement. Is. For example, when the pressurization pressure of the gas solution sent from the pressurization and dissolution section 3 to the flow path 6 is 0.5 MPa, it is found by measurement that the amount of reduced pressure at which no bubbles are generated is 0.12 MPa. Then, the pressure of the gas solution is reduced by 0.12 MPa by the pressure adjusting valve 7a and dropped to 0.38 MPa. Further, when the pressure of the gas solution is 0.38 MPa, if it is found by measurement that the amount of reduced pressure at which bubbles are not generated is 0.16 MPa, the pressure of the gas solution is determined by the next pressure regulating valve 7b. Is reduced to 0.12 MPa and reduced to 0.22 MPa. Furthermore, when the pressure of the gas solution is 0.22 MPa, if it is found by measurement that the amount of reduced pressure at which bubbles are not generated is 0.22 MPa or more, the next pressure regulating valve 7c The pressure can be reduced to 0.22 MPa, the applied pressure can be reduced to 0 MPa, and the pressure can be reduced to atmospheric pressure. Note that the amount of pressure reduction by the pressure regulating valve 7 varies depending on the type of liquid, temperature, type of gas, dissolution concentration, pressure in the pressure dissolution unit 3, the diameter of the flow path 6, and the like. In addition, it is set as appropriate by performing calculations and measurements.

  Here, in the gas dissolving apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the pressurizing unit 1 is formed by the pump 18, and the pressurizing / dissolving unit 3 has a constant volume even if the volume as large as the tank is not necessary. Although formed with a container, as shown in FIG. 3, the pressurizing unit 1 can be formed with a water pipe 19 to which water is supplied at a predetermined water pressure. Thus, since the water supply pipe 19 supplies water at a predetermined water pressure, the inside of the pressurizing / dissolving unit 3 can be pressurized with a pushing pressure by feeding water into the pressurizing / dissolving unit 3. Further, when a faucet or the like of the water supply pipe 19 is connected to the flow path 6, the inside of the flow path 6 can be pressurized with a pushing pressure by feeding water from the water supply pipe 19 into the flow path 6. The pressure dissolving part 3 can also be formed by itself.

  FIG. 3 shows a gas dissolving apparatus in which the pressurizing part 1 is formed by the water pipe 19 and the pressure dissolving part 3 is formed by the flow path 6 connected to the water pipe 19. Among them, the portion between the gas injection part 2 connected to the flow path 6 and the pressure reducing part 4 including the pressure regulating valve 7 provided in the flow path 6 is the pressure dissolution part 3. What is necessary is just to provide the surplus gas discharge part 5 in the pressurization melt | dissolution part 3 formed with the flow path 6 as needed. Accordingly, in this case, the power of the pump 18 or the like is not necessary, and it is not necessary to form the pressure dissolving part 3 using a container or the like, so that the manufacturing cost of the apparatus can be further reduced.

  FIG. 4 shows another example of the specific embodiment of the decompression unit 4, and a plurality of tubes 20 a and 20 b having different channel cross-sectional areas in the channel 6 connected to the pressure dissolution unit 3. 20c, and the decompression section 4 is formed by a plurality of pipe bodies 20a, 20b, 20c having different channel cross-sectional areas.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 4 (a), a plurality of tubes 20a, 20b, and 20c having different flow path cross-sectional areas, that is, different inner diameters, are integrally connected, and downstream from the upstream side of the gas solution flow. The diameters of the tubular bodies 20a, 20b, and 20c are gradually reduced toward the side. In the embodiment of FIG. 4B, a plurality of tubes 20a, 20b, and 20c having different inner diameters are connected and connected via a reducer 21, and the upstream side of the flow of the gas solution is downstream. The diameters of the pipe bodies 20a, 20b, and 20c are gradually reduced. Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4C, the tubular bodies 20a, 20b, and 20c whose diameter continuously decreases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the flow of the gas solution are integrally connected.

In FIG. 4, the inner diameters of the tubes 20a, 20b, and 20c are φd ₁ > φd ₂ > φd ₃ , so the flow rate of the gas solution in each of the tubes 20a, 20b, and 20c is V _1. <V ₂ <V ₃ , and the pressure of the gas solution in each of the tubes 20a, 20b, 20c is P ₁ > P ₂ > P ₃ . Accordingly, the pressure P ₁ of the gas dissolved solution fed from the pressure dissolution unit 3 at a reduced pressure of bubbles does not occur, FIGS. 4 (a) those in is stepwise reduced pressure (b), and FIG. 4 (c) intended are those which can be lowered continuously reduced pressure, gradually to atmospheric pressure P _3.

FIG. 5 shows another example of the specific embodiment of the decompression unit 4. When the gas solution is discharged through the channel 6 connected to the pressure dissolution unit 3, The pressure loss when the gas solution flows through the gas solution gradually decreases the pressure of the gas solution at a reduced pressure rate that does not generate bubbles in the gas solution, and the pressure of the gas solution decreases to atmospheric pressure. It is. Therefore, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, when the gas solution having the pressure P ₁ in the pressure dissolving unit 3 is passed through the flow path 6, the gas solution is changed to P _{2 to} P _n−1 . The pressure is gradually and continuously reduced at a decompression speed at which no bubbles are generated (P ₁ > P ₂ > P _n-1 ), and the pressure P _n of the gas solution is reduced to atmospheric pressure at the end of the flow path 6. In addition, the flow path cross-sectional area and the pipe length L of the flow path 6 are set, and the decompression section 4 is formed by the flow path 6 having such a flow path cross-sectional area and the pipe length L. It is.

The pipe length L can be set from the following equation. That is,
Fluid relational expression P = λ · (L / d) · (v ² / 2g)
[P is the pressure in the pressure dissolving section 3, λ is the coefficient of friction of the tube, d is the inner diameter, v is the flow velocity, and g is the acceleration]
From this, L = (P · d · 2g) / (λ · v ² ) can be derived, and the pipe length L of the flow path 6 can be obtained by calculation from this equation. Thus, the decompression part 4 can be formed only by forming the pipe length L of the flow path 6 to a predetermined length, and the structure of the gas dissolving apparatus can be made simpler. It can be done.

  As described above, in the present invention, the liquid and the gas are pumped to the pressure-dissolving unit 3 by the pressurizing unit 1, and the liquid and the gas are pressurized in the pressurizing-dissolving unit 3 by the pressing pressure at this time to dissolve the gas. However, it is necessary to generate a necessary pressure in the pressurizing / dissolving portion 3 by receiving the pushing pressure. In order to secure the pressure that receives the indentation pressure from the pressurizing unit 1 as described above, it is conceivable to provide a throttle unit such as a throttle valve in the flow path 6 on the outflow side of the pressurizing and dissolving unit 3. When the throttle part is provided in the flow path 6, when the gas solution generated in the pressure dissolving part 3 is sent out to the flow path 6 and discharged, a large pressure difference occurs before and after the throttle part, and the gas solution rapidly There is a risk that bubbles will be generated in the gas solution.

  Therefore, in the gas dissolving apparatus shown in FIG. 6, the pressure loss of the flow path 6 is used to secure the pressure to receive the indentation pressure without the need to provide the throttle portion in the flow path 6. At this time, with the length of the flow path 6 of each of the above embodiments, it is difficult to secure the pressure that receives the indentation pressure due to the pressure loss of the flow path 6. An extension channel 8 is added to the part. That is, the total pressure loss including the decompression unit 4 of the flow path 6 is calculated, and the pressure required to pressurize the liquid and gas in the pressurizing and dissolving unit 3 by the indentation pressure from the pressurizing unit 1, The difference from the pressure loss of the flow path 6 is calculated, and the length of the pipe line in which the pressure loss of this difference occurs is calculated from the above formula, and the extended flow path 8 of this pipe length is changed to the flow path 6. They are added. As described above, the sum of the pressure loss of the flow path 6 and the pressure loss of the extension flow path 8 pressurizes the liquid and gas in the pressurizing / dissolving unit 3 by the pressure of the liquid and gas pumped by the pressurizing unit 1. By adding the extension flow path 8 to the flow path 6 so that the pressure required for the pressure is reached, it is not necessary to use a throttling portion such as a throttling valve. Thus, it is possible to dissolve the gas in the liquid.

  FIG. 7 shows a specific example of the gas dissolving apparatus. Water supplied from the liquid tank 17 is introduced into the flow path 15 from the introduction port 30. A gas injection unit 2 into which air is introduced is connected to the flow path 15, and the water into which the air has been injected is pressurized by a pressurizing unit 1 formed by a pump and a pressurized dissolving unit formed by a small-capacity tank. 3 is pumped. The water in which air is injected in this manner is pumped to the pressure dissolution unit 3, thereby generating a gas solution in which air is dissolved in water in the pressure dissolution unit 3. Then, the gas solution is sent out from the pressure dissolution unit 3 to the flow path 6 and discharged from the discharge port 31 at the tip of the flow path 6. The flow path 6 is provided with a decompression section 4, and the gas solution sent out from the pressure dissolution section 3 is discharged from the discharge port 31 after being decompressed to atmospheric pressure, and in a state where no bubbles are generated. Can be discharged. In the gas dissolving apparatus of FIG. 7, the decompression unit 4 is formed by connecting the tubular bodies 20a, 20b, and 20c having different inner diameters as shown in FIG.

  In this gas dissolving apparatus, by continuously operating the pressurizing unit 1 formed by the pump, the gas injecting unit 2 and the pressurizing and dissolving unit 3 are continuously operated, and the gas dissolving solution is supplied to the decompressing unit 4. The gas solution that can be continuously supplied can be continuously discharged from the discharge port 31 on the outflow side of the decompression unit 4 without generating bubbles.

  The decompression unit 4 is provided as a part of the flow path 6 for sending the gas solution from the pressure dissolution unit 3, and the decompression unit 4 sequentially increases the pressure of the gas solution from the inflow side to the outflow side. Since the pressure is reduced to atmospheric pressure, the pressure reducing portion 4 can be formed as a relatively large flow path having an inner diameter of about 2 to 50 mm, for example, and the inside of the pressure reducing portion 4 is clogged even if foreign matter is mixed in. There is nothing. Furthermore, by providing the decompression unit 4 having such a configuration, not only the laminar flow state where the Reynolds number of the gas solution flowing through the decompression unit 4 is smaller than the critical Reynolds number (Re = 2320), but also the critical Reynolds number. It is possible to cope with a turbulent flow state having a larger Reynolds number.

  Furthermore, by forming the decompression unit 4 as a channel having a large inner diameter in this way, it is possible to increase the supply amount of the gas solution, and it is possible to form the decompression unit 4 with only one channel. Therefore, it is possible to form a simple apparatus configuration.

  FIG. 8 shows another example of the gas dissolution apparatus, and a fine bubble extraction flow path 9 is provided by branch connection to the flow path 6 connected to the outflow side of the pressure dissolution section 3. As shown in FIG. 8 (a), the fine bubble extraction flow path 9 is located at a location between the pressure dissolving portion 3 and the pressure reducing portion 4 or at a location downstream of the pressure reducing portion 4 via a switching valve 22. It is branched and connected to the flow path 6. Further, a fine bubble generating nozzle 23 as shown in FIG. 8B is provided at the tip of the fine bubble extraction channel 9. The fine bubble generating nozzle 23 is formed by providing a large number of fine holes 24 at the discharge port.

  In this case, the gas solution generated in the pressure dissolution unit 3 can be taken out through the flow path 6 and used. In addition, the gas dissolution liquid is removed from the flow path 6 by switching the switching valve 22. A fine bubble-containing liquid containing fine bubbles can be obtained by sending it out to the extraction flow path 9 and discharging it from the fine bubble generation nozzle 23. With one apparatus, the gas dissolved liquid and the fine bubble-containing liquid can be obtained. Two types of liquid can be made.

  FIG. 9 shows another example of the gas dissolving apparatus. The surplus gas discharge part 5 of the pressure dissolving part 3 is connected to the gas injection part 2 by the connecting part 10. By connecting the surplus gas discharge part 5 to the gas injection part 2 in this way, the surplus gas that has not been dissolved in the liquid by the pressure dissolving part 3 is returned to the gas injection part 2 and is again dissolved in the liquid. Is something that can be done. Therefore, the gas that has not been dissolved in the liquid in the pressure dissolving part 3 can be effectively used without being discarded, and the environment is prevented from being polluted by harmful gases such as ozone being discharged to the outside. It is something that can be done.

  Since the gas dissolving apparatus formed as described above can generate and supply a gas solution in which a gas such as oxygen or ozone is dissolved at a high concentration, the environmental field, the manufacturing / industrial field, the agriculture / forestry / fishery field, It can be used in the household field, the medical field, and other various fields.

  For example, in the environmental field, by supplying a gas solution in which oxygen is dissolved at a high concentration to closed water areas such as the sea, rivers, lakes, ponds, and dam lakes, water can be purified by increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen. Similarly, it can be used for oxygen supply in septic tanks, sewerage facilities, and human waste processing facilities. Moreover, harmful substances and oil contamination can be treated by supplying oxygen to the soil.

  In the manufacturing and industrial fields, wastewater treatment by improving dissolved oxygen can be performed by supplying gas dissolved solution with high concentration of oxygen to factory wastewater treatment facilities, or gas with dissolved ozone at high concentration By supplying the solution, the waste water can be treated with ozone. Moreover, it can utilize for oxygen supply for fermentation and culture | cultivation promotion of fermented food in a food factory. It can also be used to supply oxygen and ozone to circulating water filtration systems such as commercial baths, swimming pools, and aquariums. Oxygen and ozone in factory painting process circulation water, factory cleaning process circulation water, and cooling circulation water It can be used for purification by supply. Furthermore, the gas dissolving apparatus of the present invention can be used as an apparatus for dissolving and processing a toxic gas generated in a factory or the like in water at a high concentration.

  In the field of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, by supplying a gas solution in which oxygen is dissolved at a high concentration to agricultural wastewater, fishery wastewater, and livestock wastewater, it can be used for water purification by improving dissolved oxygen and floating separation of filth. Further, by using a gas solution in which oxygen is dissolved at a high concentration as agricultural water or fishery water, it is possible to promote the germination and growth of plants and the growth of fish and shellfish. Further, by supplying a gas solution dissolved at a high concentration to the ginger, oxygen can be supplied during live fish transportation.

  In the household field, wastewater treatment by improving dissolved oxygen can be efficiently performed by supplying a gas solution in which oxygen is dissolved at a high concentration to a septic tank for domestic wastewater. Moreover, a carbon dioxide bath can be formed by supplying a gas solution in which carbon dioxide is dissolved at a high concentration to the bathtub.

  In the medical field, a gas-dissolved solution in which oxygen is dissolved at a high concentration and a gas-dissolved solution in which carbon dioxide is dissolved at a high concentration can be used for beverages, cancer treatment, stone destruction, and the like.

  In other fields, the gas dissolving apparatus of the present invention can be used as an oxygen water production apparatus for beverages and a carbonated water production apparatus for beverages. Furthermore, the gas dissolution apparatus of the present invention can be used as an ozone water production apparatus used in various fields such as sterilization, decolorization, deodorization, and organic matter decomposition.

  The plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on this invention utilizes the gas dissolving apparatus for cultivation of a plant in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries field | area among said each field | area. The plant cultivation device is a device in which a gas solution in which oxygen produced by the gas dissolving device is dissolved at a high concentration is supplied to the plant as agricultural water, and can supply a large amount of oxygen to the plant. It is possible to promote the growth and germination of plants, and it is possible to cultivate plants without producing an oxygen deficient state even in a dense state.

  FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, which includes a gas dissolving apparatus A having a decompression unit 4 and a cultivation container 36 for cultivating a plant 35, and is discharged from the outflow side of the decompression unit 4. The gas solution without the generation of bubbles is supplied to the cultivation container 36. The gas dissolving apparatus A is formed in the same manner as in FIGS. 1 to 7 and FIG.

  FIG. 11A shows a plant cultivation apparatus for hydroponics. A hydroponic cultivation tank 37 is used as a cultivation container 36, and a plurality of planting panels 38 arranged near the water surface in the hydroponic cultivation tank 37 are used. Plant 35 is planted. The flow path 6 on the outflow side of the gas dissolving apparatus A is connected to one end of the hydroponic cultivation tank 37. A return flow path 39 is connected between the liquid tank 17 to which the flow path 15 on the inflow side of the gas dissolving apparatus A is connected and the other end of the hydroponic culture tank 37. The liquid tank 17 stores a liquid for hydroponics, and as this liquid, for example, water containing a fertilizer component can be used.

  In this plant cultivation device, the pressurizing unit 1 of the gas dissolving device A is operated, the liquid is sucked up from the liquid tank 17 and supplied by being pumped and supplied to the pressurizing and dissolving unit 3, and air is supplied from the gas injecting unit 2. By injecting a gas containing oxygen or the like, a gas-dissolved solution in which oxygen is dissolved in a liquid at a high concentration in the pressure-dissolving unit 3 can be obtained. And the gas solution produced | generated in the pressurization melt | dissolution part 3 is sent out to the hydroponic cultivation tank 37 through the flow path 6, after depressurizing to atmospheric pressure in the pressure reduction part 4. FIG. In this way, a large amount of oxygen is supplied to the roots of the plant 35 planted in the planting panel 38 by supplying the hydrolyzed cultivation tank 37 with the gas solution in which the oxygen generated in the gas dissolving device A is dissolved at a high concentration. It is possible to promote the growth of the plant 35, and even if a large number of plants 35 are planted densely, they are not deficient in oxygen and can increase the cultivation efficiency of the plant 35. Is. The gas solution supplied to the hydroponic cultivation tank 37 is returned to the liquid tank 17 through the return flow path 39, circulated and repeatedly used.

  Here, since the gas solution generated by the gas dissolution apparatus A is decompressed to atmospheric pressure by the decompression unit 4 and then supplied to the hydroponics tank 37 through the flow path 6, bubbles are generated from the gas solution. It is possible to prevent the oxygen from being released as bubbles and to reduce the oxygen concentration of the gas solution, and the efficiency of supplying oxygen to the plant 35 can be increased. . Moreover, since it can prevent that a bubble generate | occur | produces from a gas solution in this way, a bubble adheres to the water channel between the gas dissolving apparatus A and the hydroponic cultivation tank 37, or a bubble adheres to the root of the plant 35. This prevents the oxygen from being distributed to the entire plant 35.

  FIG. 11 (b) shows a plant cultivation apparatus for liquid fertilization cultivation. A cultivation pot 42 containing a culture medium 41 such as soil is used as a cultivation container 36, and a plant 35 is planted in the culture medium 41 of the cultivation pot 42. . Connected to the flow path 6 on the outflow side of the gas dissolving apparatus A is a supply flow path 43 that drops and supplies the gas solution to the culture medium 41 of the cultivation pot 42. In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of supply channels 43 are branched and provided to the channel 6 so that a plurality of cultivation pots 42 are used and a gas solution is supplied to each cultivation pot 42 by dropping. It is like that. Moreover, the liquid tank 17 to which the flow path 15 on the inflow side of the gas dissolving apparatus A is connected stores a liquid for liquid fertilizer cultivation. As this liquid, for example, a fertilizer liquid obtained by dissolving fertilizer in water can be used. .

  In this plant cultivation device, the pressurizing unit 1 of the gas dissolving device A is operated, the fertilizer liquid is sucked up from the liquid tank 17, and the liquid is pumped and supplied to the pressurizing and dissolving unit 3, and from the gas injection unit 2 By injecting a gas containing oxygen such as air, it is possible to obtain a gas solution in which oxygen is dissolved at a high concentration in the fertilizer solution in the pressure dissolution unit 3. The gas solution generated in the pressure dissolving unit 3 is supplied to the medium 41 of each cultivation pot 42 by dropping from the tip of the supply channel 43 through the channel 6 after being decompressed to the atmospheric pressure in the decompression unit 4. Is done. Thus, by supplying the fertilizer liquid which consists of the gas solution which oxygen produced | generated by the gas dissolving apparatus A melt | dissolved in high concentration to the culture medium 41 of the cultivation pot 42, it is with a fertilizer to the root of the plant 35 planted in the culture medium 41. A large amount of oxygen can be supplied, the growth of the plant 35 can be promoted, and even if the plant 35 is planted densely, it does not become oxygen-deficient and the cultivation efficiency of the plant 35 is improved. It can be raised.

  Even if it exists in this thing, since the gas solution produced | generated with the gas dissolving apparatus A is pressure-reduced by the pressure reduction part 4 to atmospheric pressure, after being supplied to the cultivation pot 42 through the flow path 6, a bubble is generated from a gas solution. It can prevent generation | occurrence | production, can prevent that oxygen escapes as a bubble and the oxygen concentration of a gas solution falls, and can raise the efficiency of the supply of oxygen to the plant 35 It is. Moreover, since it can prevent that a bubble generate | occur | produces from a gas dissolving solution in this way, a bubble adheres in the middle of the water channel from the gas dissolving apparatus A to the cultivation pot 42, and the cultivation pot 42 far from the gas dissolving apparatus A is used. Oxygen does not spread all the way.

  In addition, the plant cultivation apparatus that supplies the plant with the high-oxygen-concentrated gas solution produced by the gas dissolving apparatus is not limited to hydroponics or liquid fertilizer cultivation as described above. A gas solution having a concentration can be supplied to plant seeds, and seed germination can be promoted by supplying oxygen.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pressurization part 2 Gas injection part 3 Pressurization melt | dissolution part 4 Decompression part 5 Excess gas discharge part 6 Flow path 7 Pressure control valve 8 Extension flow path 9 Fine bubble extraction flow path 10 Connection part 19 Water supply piping 35 Plant 36 Cultivation container A Gas dissolving device

Claims (10)

A pressurizing unit for pumping liquid, a gas injecting unit for injecting gas into the liquid, and a pressurizing / dissolving unit for dissolving the gas in the liquid by pressurization when the liquid injected with the gas is pumped by the pressurizing unit; The pressure of the gas dissolving solution in which the gas is dissolved in the pressure dissolving unit, the pressure reducing unit for gradually reducing the flow rate of the gas dissolving solution from the inflow side to the outflow side of the gas solution and gradually reducing the pressure to atmospheric pressure A gas that does not generate bubbles from the outflow side of the decompression unit by continuously operating each unit of the pressurization unit, gas injection unit, and pressurization dissolution unit, and continuously supplying the gas solution to the decompression unit A gas dissolving device configured to continuously discharge a solution;
A cultivation container for cultivating plants,
A plant cultivation apparatus characterized in that oxygen is used as a gas and a gas-dissolved solution without generation of bubbles discharged from the outflow side of the decompression unit is supplied to a cultivation container.   The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas dissolving device includes a surplus gas discharge unit that discharges surplus gas that does not dissolve in the liquid in the pressure dissolving unit.   The decompression section of the gas dissolving device is provided with a plurality of pressure regulating valves that are provided in a flow path for sending the gas solution from the pressure dissolving section and gradually reduce the pressure of the gas solution to atmospheric pressure. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein   The decompression part of the gas dissolution apparatus is configured to reduce the pressure of the gas solution to atmospheric pressure by adjusting at least one of the channel cross-sectional area and the channel length. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plant cultivation apparatus is constituted by a flow-out channel.   The plant cultivation device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the decompression unit of the gas dissolving device is formed by one flow path.   The sum of the pressure loss of the channel through which the gas dissolving device delivers the gas solution from the pressure dissolving unit and the pressure loss of the extension channel added to this channel is the indentation pressure of the liquid and gas pumped by the pressurizing unit 6. An extended flow path is added to the flow path so as to obtain a pressure required to pressurize the liquid and gas in the pressurizing / dissolving section. Plant cultivation equipment.   2. The gas dissolution apparatus is provided with a fine bubble extraction channel for generating gas in the gas solution as fine bubbles in a flow channel for sending the gas solution from the pressure dissolution unit. The plant cultivation apparatus of any one of thru | or 6.   The plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the gas dissolving apparatus is formed by connecting a surplus gas discharge part to a gas injection part by a connection part.   The plant cultivation device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the pressurizing unit of the gas dissolving device is formed by a water pipe that pumps water to the gas injection unit.   The liquid is pumped, oxygen is injected into the pumped liquid as a gas, the gas is dissolved in the liquid by pressurization by pumping the liquid into which the gas is injected, and the flow rate of the liquid in which the gas is dissolved gradually A plant cultivation method characterized by continuously producing a gas solution free from bubbles by supplying the plant with the gas solution by reducing the pressure to atmospheric pressure while feeding it at high speed. .

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