JP2016065438A - Disaster prevention shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a disaster prevention shelter that can secure safety by evacuation even on the occurrence of not only an earthquake but also an earth-flow disaster such as a debris flow and a landslip.SOLUTION: A gateway is formed in an outer peripheral protective frame in which a closed-type evacuation space is formed. Thus, a disaster prevention shelter is configured as a type capable of being opened/closed by an entrance door. A buffer material is provided on an inner frame of the outer peripheral protective frame.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a disaster prevention shelter for protecting yourself from various disasters including earth and sand disasters.

In recent years, more and more houses have installed disaster prevention shelters to protect themselves from the increasing awareness of the dangers of earthquake disasters.
An example of such a disaster prevention shelter that effectively exhibits a protective function is disclosed in Patent Document 1 below.

  Patent No. 5167505

The thing disclosed by patent document 1 is a steel frame type disaster prevention shelter for protecting a person sleeping on the sleeping article from being collapsed in a house, and having two strut parts. A pair of upper frame portions connecting between the upper portions and bottom frame portions connecting between the bottom portions of the support column portions are formed in a trapezoidal frame shape whose upper portion is narrowed, and is arranged so as to be opposed to each other in the longitudinal direction of the sleeping item. A main frame, and a protective frame body spanned between a back side surface corresponding to one side of the sleeping item and a top surface connecting between a pair of front and rear upper frame portions; The main frame is an integrally formed product in which the column part on the entrance and exit sides and the upper frame part are integrally formed via a bent part, and the remaining column on the back side is a separate straight pipe and is the end on the back side of the upper frame part. The protective frame body is integrally connected in a state of obliquely intersecting the It is divided into two frames, a frame and a top surface protection frame, and the side surface protection frame is attached so that the front and back of the column made of straight pipes are attached in parallel to these columns. The disaster prevention shelter is characterized in that the upper and lower pair of upper frame portions are attached in parallel to the upper frame portions.
Since the disaster prevention shelter disclosed here is provided with protective frames on both the back side and the top surface, it can effectively perform a protective function against earthquake collapse.
By the way, this disaster prevention shelter is equipped with protective frames on the back side and the top surface and is open without any protective frames on the other surfaces, that is, the front, side, and bottom surfaces.・ Assuming that it is installed in a house in a warning area, the protective function cannot be effectively demonstrated against sediment-related disasters such as debris flow and landslides caused by recent abnormal weather.

  The present invention is intended to solve such problems, and provides a disaster prevention shelter capable of ensuring safety by evacuation not only in the event of an earthquake but also in the event of a sediment disaster such as a debris flow or landslide. The purpose is to do.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that an entrance / exit is formed in an outer periphery protection frame in which a sealed evacuation space is formed, and an entrance / exit is opened and closed. A cushioning material is provided on the inner surface.

  As described above, the present invention forms an entrance / exit in the outer peripheral protection frame having a sealed evacuation space inside and is opened and closed by the entrance / exit door, and is provided with a shock absorber on the inner surface of the outer peripheral protection frame. It is possible to provide a disaster prevention shelter that can ensure safety by evacuation not only in the case of sediment disasters such as debris flow and landslides.

  Sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of this invention as what follows the II line | wire of FIG.   II-II sectional view taken on the line of FIG.   III-III sectional view taken on the line of FIG.   IV-IV sectional view taken on the line of FIG.   Sectional drawing which shows other embodiment.   The perspective view which decomposes | disassembles and shows the frame | skeleton (main frame frame) and outer periphery protection frame of a disaster prevention shelter.   The arrow line view which decomposes | disassembles the frame | skeleton (main frame frame) and the outer periphery protection frame in other embodiment of a disaster prevention shelter.   The disassembled perspective view which shows other embodiment of a disaster prevention shelter.   Sectional drawing which shows other embodiment.   XX sectional drawing of FIG.   XI-XI sectional view taken on the line of FIG.   The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows other embodiment.   The top view of FIG. 14 which shows other embodiment.   FIG. 14 is a side sectional view of FIG. 13.   The top view which shows other embodiment.   The longitudinal section side view showing other embodiments.   The top view of FIG. 18 which shows other embodiment.   FIG. 18 is an elevation view of FIG. 17.   The top view of FIG. 20 which shows other embodiment.   The front view of FIG.   The schematic diagram which shows the example of installation of the disaster prevention shelter of FIG.   The schematic diagram which shows the example of installation of the disaster prevention shelter of FIG.   The schematic diagram which shows the example of installation of the disaster prevention shelter of FIG.   The schematic diagram which shows the example of installation of an egg-shaped disaster prevention shelter.   The partially exploded perspective view which shows other embodiment.   The perspective view which shows other embodiment.   The perspective view which shows other embodiment.   The perspective view which shows other embodiment.   The disassembled perspective view which shows the other example of a disaster prevention shelter as schematic structure.   The perspective view which shows the internal skeleton of the disaster prevention shelter of FIG.   The cross-sectional view which shows the whole structure of the disaster prevention shelter of FIG.   The top view of FIG. 33 which shows the disaster prevention shelter of other embodiment.   The side view which shows the disaster prevention shelter of FIG.

  1 to 6 show an embodiment of the present invention. In these drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes a floor structure part of a wooden house. A floor material 8 such as a tatami mat is laid through 5, joists 6 and a floor board 7. A part of the floor structure portion 1 is opened with a rectangular opening 10 as viewed from above, and a recess 11 for installing a shelter is formed in the floor base plate 2 below the opening 10.

S is an indoor-installed disaster prevention shelter that includes a main frame (frame) 13 and an outer peripheral protection frame 15. The main frame 13 includes an inter-axis main frame 17, an end main frame 18, and a connecting frame 19 that connects them.
The inter-shaft main frame 17 is formed of H steel in a circular ring shape and is provided with an inner bottom material 20 in the inner peripheral lower stage thereof, and the end main frame 18 is formed of a channel steel in a circular ring shape. In the inner periphery, a vertically oriented member 21, an inner upper member 22, and an inner bottom member 20 are integrally provided.

The connecting frame 19 is an I-shaped steel and is a straight short frame without flanges at the front and rear ends, and both ends of the frame 19 are inserted into the grooves of the main frames 17 and 18 and are fixed to the ends. 24 is applied in the grooves of the frames 17 and 18 and is fastened by a fastening tool.
There are two inter-axis main frames 17 which are separated by about 75 cm between them, and the end main frame 18 is coaxially located at a distance of about 75 cm in the axial direction from the inter-axis main frame 17. It is arranged. Six connecting frames 19 are arranged and fixed to the main frames 17 and 18 in the circumferential direction. The number of connection frames 19 is not limited here, and may be four or eight.

The connecting frame 19 is, for example, a round pipe having a length of about 1.5 m and is inserted in a skewered manner through a through hole formed in the main frames 17 and 18 so as to be fixed with a space between the main frames 17 and 18. You may take the method that goes.
In this case, as shown at the same time in the lower part of FIG. 3, a short fixed pipe 26 is inserted into the through hole or arranged in the front-rear direction, and a fixed pipe (not shown) is connected to the fixed pipe 26 through a round pipe as the connecting frame 19. You may make it fix more strongly with a tool. In this way, if the connecting frame 19 is made long and is made into a single-line type, the strong main frame 13 can be provided, and further the strong disaster prevention shelter S can be provided.

However, if the main frames 17 and 18 are connected by the short connection frame 19 as described above, the assembly work in the field house can be easily and reliably performed. Incidentally, the connecting frame 19 in the lower part of FIG. 3 is also connected to the flange 24 as shown in the upper part of FIG. 3 as corresponding to the embodiment of FIG. 2, but is shown in the lower part of FIG. Such one-through type is shown at the same time.
The main frames 17 and 18 are integrally formed in a circular ring shape, but may be of a split type in the circumferential direction such as two or three.

  A leg-shaped support base 28 is attached to the two positions below the main frames 17 and 18 of the main frame frame 13 so as to spread downward, and the support base 28 extends in several places in the floor base plate 2 in advance. It is fixed via anchors 30 on the base block 29 that has been buried. The support base 28 is configured to be detachably coupled to the peripheral surfaces of the main frames 17 and 18 via a fastener (not shown) on a flange 28a provided at the upper end.

The outer periphery protection frame 15 is made of steel, aluminum alloy, or reinforced resin, and includes a split type peripheral body 15a in the longitudinal direction and an end cover 15b. In consideration of the convenience of transportation and on-site assembly, the peripheral body 15a is formed into a two-piece type as shown in the lower right column of the figure, or alternatively as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. It is also possible to divide into four or more.
The circumferential body 15a has an end in the width direction on the peripheral surfaces of the main frames 17 and 18 and an end in the circumferential direction on the connecting frame 19 by a fastening tool (not shown). Each is attached so that it can be removed and attached. The end cover body 15b is made of steel, aluminum alloy, or formed into a round plate by reinforced resin, and is attached to the outer end surface of the end main frame 18 so as to be detachably attached by a fastening tool. ing.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an entrance / exit 32 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is formed in one of the peripheral bodies 15 a, and a sliding door entrance / exit door 33 is provided in a sealed manner at the entrance / exit 32. Reference numeral 34 denotes an opening / closing guide. An indoor cushioning material 36 is provided along the inner surface of the main frame 13. The indoor cushioning material 36 is attached via an inner layer material 37 made of steel, resin, wood, or the like. 39 is an underfloor material and 40 is a buffer floor material. The internal buffer material 36 and the inner layer material 37 are provided with openings that lead to the entrance / exit 32.

  In addition, a bottom vertical member 42 is provided between the inner bottom member 20 and the inter-shaft main frame 17, and drinking water, food, etc. are placed on a storage shelf 43 provided through the front, rear, left and right bottom vertical members 42. The emergency food and other emergency supplies 44 can be always available. The emergency supplies 44 can be taken out and used indoors by pulling up and opening the floor support 39 and the buffer floor 40. Other parts of the buffer floor material 40 and the floor receiving material 39 can be opened separately, and the earth auger 46, the small scoop, and the water launching housed in the lower space (or the space between the peripheral body 15a and the inner layer material 37) An escape tool 47 such as a gun can be taken out and used.

  These escape tools 47 are used when the emergency shelter S is buried in the earth and sand and the door 33 is forcibly opened to remove rubble such as sand mud that appears there, as shown in FIG. It is also used to open the emergency exit lid 50 sealed in the emergency exit 49 shown in phantom lines in FIG. 3 inward and remove the earth and sand appearing there to escape. The emergency exit cover 50 can be easily opened by opening inward rather than outward, which is difficult to open. The emergency exit lid 50 is free to be used as an emergency entrance door, and the lid 50 can be used at one or both of the front and rear of the disaster shelter S as indicated by phantom lines in FIGS. You may equip it to an end face opening.

An oxygen cylinder 52 is installed in the lower space, and the oxygen inhaler 54 in the evacuation space 53 connected thereto can be used for evacuation. In addition, a GPS transmitter 56 is installed on the wall surface in the evacuation space 53 for detecting the buried position, and the emergency light 57 when evacuating is installed in a hanging manner so that the cord 57a is always vertical. The emergency shelter S's emergency posture can be understood during evacuation. 58 is an emergency bedding, and 60 is a holding bar (the outer periphery is cushioned) used as shown in FIG.
Reference numeral 62 denotes an outdoor cushioning material, which covers the entire outer periphery as much as possible except for the entrance / exit 32 of the disaster prevention shelter S, but only a part thereof is shown in FIG. In the disaster prevention shelter S, a manual or electric type internal water draining pump can be provided.

The main frame 13 can be a round or square pipe or a channel material other than H steel. In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, the end cover 15b can be formed in a partial spherical shape that is resistant to earth and sand disasters. In this case, the vertically oriented material 21, the inner top member 22, the inner bottom member 20 and the like are matched to a spherical surface. The resistance is increased by making it curved.
Moreover, although the said disaster prevention shelter S was fixed to the floor base board 2 side which is the base block 29 and was made not to flow by a debris flow, as an installation method, it flows with a debris flow without being fixed to the ground 2 side, and is helped. You may leave it.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, a heat insulating material 64 may be interposed between the peripheral body 15 a and the inner layer material 37 so as to cope with a fire in a house or the like. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the inner layer material 37 has a high strength so as to protrude in the direction of the peripheral body 15a, while the indoor cushioning material 36 has a large thickness to increase the safety in the room. You may make it raise.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the disaster prevention shelter S as a whole is installed in a deep recess (not shown) below the flooring 8 and is opened and closed immediately below by opening the openable flooring 9. It can also be configured to be evacuated through the door.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, each member of the disaster prevention shelter S may be provided with a hanging hook 63.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a safety belt 66 or a body supporter is provided in the room so that the disaster prevention shelter S can be made safe even if it rotates. At that time, the evacuated person may lower his legs under the floor to make it more stable.
Further, a fireproof board material may be stretched around the outside of the disaster prevention shelter S of FIG.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the indoor installation type disaster prevention shelter S. This embodiment shows a disaster prevention shelter S comprising a main frame frame 70 made of steel or other material and an outer peripheral protection frame 71 surrounding the main frame frame 70.
The main frame frame 70 is basically a trapezoidal frame with the upper side being short and the lower side being long when viewed from the side. 73 is a trapezoidal end main frame, and a pair of left and right sides are provided. Is provided. A pair of upper and lower connecting frames 75 are integrally provided between the end main frames 73 and 73, and a pair of left and right front receiving members 77 are integrated into a large opening on the right and left side of the drawing. Furthermore, the top surface receiving material 78 is also integrated on the upper surface. 79 is a back receiving material.

  The bed frame 80 which is a bed is installed inside the main frame 70 so as to be on the floor. The outer peripheral protection frame 71 includes a side protection plate 81 corresponding to the left and right sides, a top protection plate 82 corresponding to the top surface, and a bottom protection plate 83 corresponding to the bottom surface, and a back protection plate 84 corresponding to the back surface. And a front protective plate 85, which are detachably attached to each corresponding surface by a fastener (not shown). The front protection plate 85 includes left and right front side plates 85a and an entrance door 87 that allows the doorway 86 formed therebetween to be opened and closed in a sliding door manner.

A cushioning material 89 is stuck on the interior side of the back protection plate 85 and all other plate surfaces so as not to be injured. Although FIG. 8 shows that the cushioning material 89 is pasted only on the rear face protection plate 85, it is actually pasted on all the plate surfaces.
These plate surfaces are basically made of thin steel plate or aluminum alloy that does not allow sand mud or muddy water to pass through. However, for example, the plates 85 and 81 on the front and one side are kept strong. In order to reduce the feeling of pressure, it is made of punching metal, the rear protective plate 85 facing the debris flow and the remaining side protective plate 81 are steel plates, and the top protective plate 82 and the bottom protective plate 83 are made of wooden plates. Sometimes.
The side protection plate 81 may be provided with an emergency escape door as an inner opening type or a side sliding door type. 1 to 3 can be equipped with all of the oxygen supply means, emergency lights, emergency supplies storage system, and the like.

  9 and 10 show another embodiment of the indoor or outdoor disaster prevention shelter S, which is an example of a reinforced concrete disaster prevention shelter S such as PC (precast) or RC. 100 is a two-story wooden house, and it is assumed that a debris flow will invade from the right hand side as shown by the arrow. In the room on the downstream side of the arrow of the house 100, a shelter main body 102 having the entire periphery surrounded by the outer peripheral protection frame 101 is installed. The shelter body 102 is composed of an inter-shaft peripheral body 102a and an end cover 102b, and the inter-shaft peripheral body 102a is divided into a plurality of sections such as three in the axial direction as shown in FIG. The cover 102b is set and integrated by the connecting rod 103. The inter-shaft peripheral bodies 102a and the end cover 102b are firmly connected via an earthquake-resistant joint.

  In the shelter body 102, an inner peripheral shock absorbing material 104 and a lower shock absorbing material 105 are provided, and the lower shock absorbing material 105 is supported by an inner frame 106. An outer periphery cushioning material 108 is attached to the outer periphery of the shelter body 102 and a base 109 is protruded so as to be connected and fixed on the foundation block 110 via an anchor 111. In addition to the outer entry / exit door 112 provided on the outer peripheral protection frame 101, the shelter body 112 is provided with an inner entry / exit door 113, and these doors 112, 113 can be opened simultaneously to evacuate. The outer periphery protection frame 101 is not only for the disaster prevention shelter S but also a base casing for forming the storage space 115 on the upper side thereof. Reference numeral 116 denotes a lifting ladder for that purpose. The disaster prevention shelter S is always equipped with emergency supplies, oxygen supply means and the like as described above.

Since the disaster prevention shelter S is completely surrounded by the outer peripheral protection frame 101, it can be effectively protected even if a debris flow hits as shown by the arrow X, and even if it flows, the outer peripheral protection frame This is very advantageous in that the air in the outer peripheral protection frame 101 and the shelter body 102 can also be used for oxygen supplementation.
The outer peripheral protection frame 101 and the shelter main body 102 can also be allowed to flow naturally without being fixed by the anchor 111.

The shelter body 102 may be exposed and not fixed by the outer peripheral protection frame 101. In this case, when a debris flow strikes as indicated by the arrow in FIG. It is easier to be rescued by being discharged downstream. As another method of generating buoyancy in this way, the lower part of the shelter body 102 is attached to the rear end of the traction member 119 such as a link chain that is hooked on the pile anchor 118 with a reverse claw (or a house foundation) as shown in FIG. It is also possible to connect the traction member 119 in a diagonally descending manner so that the shelter body 102 is lifted and saved as indicated by an arrow. In that case, if the end cover 102b is hemispherical as shown in the figure, buoyancy due to debris flow is likely to occur. In this case, the shelter body 102 is not fixed to the ground side.
The shelter body 102 may be formed by integrating the inter-shaft peripheral body 102a and the end cover 102b.

  The disaster prevention shelter S having only the shelter body 102 may be placed on the outdoor ground 121 as shown on the left side of FIG. 9 or placed on the foundation block 110 so as not to sink. In that case, the shelter body 102 may be fixed with an anchor. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, a shelter body 102 having a long peripheral body 102a and an end cover 102b connected to each other as shown in FIG. Equip and open the door 122 to evacuate and save your life. Reference numeral 124 denotes a bulge-type escape opening / closing lid in which the emergency exit 125 is sealed from the indoor side.

  Further, the concrete disaster prevention shelter S may be a centrifugally formed high strength pipe culvert type like CSB indicated by a virtual line on the left side of FIG. Further, in each of the concrete disaster prevention shelters S shown in FIG. 9 and below, it is possible to employ a concrete material of ultra high tensile strength that can obtain a strength about 10 times or more that of normal concrete. One of them is made of synthetic fiber + carbon fiber (coarse / fine) aggregated concrete, and the other is made of synthetic fiber + carbon fiber-reinforced concrete, and any of these can be adopted.

Furthermore, as shown by the phantom line in FIG. 11, bandage reinforcement 127 may be applied to the seam outer periphery of the disaster prevention shelter S by SRF (a method in which a polyester fiber reinforcing material is bonded with a polyurethane adhesive). Further, as shown by phantom lines in FIG. 10, a protective rail (made of front and rear bent guard rails) 128 along the outer circumference in the longitudinal direction of the disaster prevention shelter S is attached to promote the rising while performing a protective function, like a sled. You may make it function and become easy to be washed away.
In addition, in the disaster prevention shelter S shown in FIG. 9 thru | or FIG. 11, when a debris flow comes from the side by making a cylindrical body as much as possible by eliminating protrusion parts, such as the base 109 and the trunk | drum 123, or a thing with little protrusion amount. The safety of the evacuated person may be increased by falling or floating.

  FIG. 12 shows another embodiment. In the embodiment, the disaster prevention shelter S made of concrete is installed indoors or outdoors in a house 132. The disaster prevention shelter S is formed into a cylindrical type with a vertical axis, and the entrance / exit door 134 and an emergency escape cover are provided on the trunk portion 133 thereof. 135 and a cushioning gripping rod 136 and an evacuation chair 137 inside, and further provided with an inner cushioning material 138, an oxygen supply means 139 and an emergency supplies case 140, and an outer cushioning material 141 for protection. The function is enhanced. The disaster prevention shelter S is provided with a floating promotion float 143 around the outer hem so as to be easily lifted, and the traction material 144 ensures the floating. In addition, there is also a method of securely fixing the disaster prevention shelter S so as not to be washed away by the anchor pole 145 embedded in the soil as shown in the lower right of the figure. The traction members 144, 119 or their front and rear ends can be cut off with a certain tensile force or more so that the disaster prevention shelter S can be flowed.

  13 and 14 show another embodiment. The embodiment is roughly divided and includes three invention examples. One of them is about the disaster prevention shelter S that is integrally formed using the solid foundation 151 of the house 150, and the purpose is to protect the debris flow X more safely and securely by evacuating the residents. The facility. That is, an integral shelter body 153 is formed at the bottom of a portion corresponding to the chamber 152 that is as far as possible from the debris flow X in the foundation 151, and the foundation 151 is provided with an inner door 154 and an emergency staircase 155, and above that The leg stand / bottom lid 157 in the integrally protruding evacuation path body 156 can also be opened and closed, and the table 158 placed on the evacuation path body 156 can be opened in an emergency. .

  In addition, an opening 160 is opened on the side wall of the shelter body 153 and an inside opening-type sealing lid 161 is provided therein so that the shelter body 153 can be escaped. Further, a step 162 is provided outside the shelter body 153 so as to follow the exit 160. The escape passage cylinder 163 is formed. An escape door 164 is provided at the upper part of the escape passage cylinder 163 so that it can be escaped while preventing debris flow from flowing in from the outside. The escape door 164 is provided in the upper end of the escape path cylinder 163 that is sufficiently higher than the ground 166. The shelter body 153 can be formed as a large integrated room or a separate compartment by extending widely to the front side or the left and right sides where the debris flow X comes in, as indicated by phantom lines in FIG. Reference numeral 165 denotes an air supply pipe, and the large integrated chamber shown in phantom lines in FIG. 14 and the partitioned separate chamber can utilize the stored air in the inner chamber as one of the oxygen supply means. A replenishing means such as may be provided.

  In the second example of the invention, in the front of the house 150 where the debris flow X will come, the base-embedded protective pillars 170 are installed upright via the ground 166. The guard pillars 170 are arranged in a staggered position so that the number of columns in each row gradually increases from the front row to the middle row and the rear row. However, they are effectively blocked in advance so that the house 150 is not destroyed and the residents who have evacuated into the house 150 are protected safely.

  The front row of the protective column 170 is lowered to about 1 to 1.5 m from the ground 166 in order to exert a strong resistance function, and the middle row and the rear row are houses for finally preventing the debris flow X that has crossed the front row. The first floor difference level of 150 (about 2.3 m) is set high. The front row and the middle row are combined so as to mainly block large things such as trees and rocks together with earth and sand, and the rear row mainly blocks earth and sand that have passed along with the stretched net 171. Each of the protective pillars 170 is a non-tapered or normal tapered concrete electric pole made of a length cut or a specification shorter than the original, and since a through-hole 172 is formed in the center thereof, In order to form a zigzag shape by using the upper connecting link 173 in the shape of a square frame, they are connected in an oblique direction so as to resist each other. The upper connecting link 173 is made of metal, synthetic rubber or resin. Note that reference numeral 175 denotes an embedded anchor, and reference numeral 176 denotes a tension member made of a wire, a link chain, or the like, which may be a wire mesh having a constant width.

The guard column 170 may be made of the ultra high tensile strength concrete material or bandage reinforced with SRF. As an example of reinforcement by SRF, as shown by H in FIG. 14, it is inexpensive and effective to reinforce the bandage between the upper and lower fixed dimension widths via the ground surface of the protective column 170. A buffer material may be wound around the outer periphery of each protective column 170. The protective column 170 is erected vertically to the ground 166, but may be set to a 15-degree or 30-degree backward tilt or forward tilt attitude with respect to the vertical line.
In addition to the utility pole material, the protective pole 170 can use PC piles (including PHC / SC / PRC piles), metal round pipes, H-section steel, channel steel, angle materials, etc. As shown in the lower column, guard rails (two-mount or three-mount) or sheet piles can be used. In this case, the guard rail may be inclined to 45 degrees with respect to the flow direction of the debris flow X so that it can be strongly resisted (illustrated in a three-crest shape).

In the third invention example, the first and second main bodies a and b made of reinforced concrete, reinforced resin, or metal are used to form a shelter main body 178, and the flanges 178a are connected to each other by a fastening device 180 via a hermetic seal 179. A disaster prevention shelter S having a cylindrical shape at the center and a hemispherical shape at the end is manufactured by tightening and integrating, 181 is an entrance / exit door, 182 is a footrest, and oxygen supply means and emergency lights in the room Equipped with emergency supplies, GPS transmitters, escape tools, etc. as standard equipment. The disaster prevention shelter S is naturally placed on the ground 166 corresponding to the backyard separated from the protective pillars 170... And the house 150 against the flow of the debris flow X (without fixing method) and is washed away by the debris flow X. It can be either fixed or anchored, but when a certain force is applied, it is made to flow at that time. Moreover, the disaster prevention shelter S can be divided into the upper and lower parts instead of the left and right.
The above first to third invention examples may constitute one invention either alone or with a combination of two or three of them.

  FIG. 15 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, the protective pillars 170 are constituted by a front row and a rear row, and each of them is arranged in a mountain shape to receive large things such as boulders and large trees in the front row, and sediments in a state where boulders etc. are removed in the rear row. The inclusion mud was allowed to flow in an obliquely widening manner along a stainless steel wire net 171 that was stretched low (height range of about 1 m to 1.5 m from the ground) on the front of the rear row. Is. It should be noted that a protection column 170A for preventing diffusion is prevented at both ends of the rear column of protection columns 170 arranged in a mountain shape to prevent the influence of the debris flow from flowing to both sides of the house (home) to the downstream side. There is a case where it is provided so as to be bent and arranged in a letter shape. A net-like material 171 can be extended also in this part to ensure mud catching.

  FIG. 16 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, a guard pillar 170G formed by joining one end of a guard rail G with one end bent integrally or connecting a straight rail part and a bent end rail part or back to back is bent, and the lower part of the following straight part. Embedded in the ground 166 so as to stand vertically or in an inclined manner so that the debris flow X can be received on the front surface thereof, or can be separated into left and right as shown in FIG. . The guardrail G may be a sheet pile. Further, the protective column 170G can be treated as an oblique sidestream while strongly resisting the debris flow X if the surface is installed so as to be inclined with respect to the debris flow X as shown in the lower column of FIG. “c” is a fastening tool, which is a bolt and nut, or has a high frame strength through a spacer d as shown in the upper right column. Furthermore, as shown in the lower right column, one strong protective column 170G with widened legs is constructed by arranging and fixing four guard rails G around a square cylindrical (or block-shaped) spacer d. You can also Three or five or more guard rails G may be used.

17 and 18 show an example of a simple evacuation facility constructed by combining a plurality of guardrails G. FIG. In this facility, the upper and lower ends are bent together (or the straight rail parts and the bent end rail parts are connected), and the lower end bent part and the base straight part that follows are guarded by tsunami and debris flow. Is embedded in the ground 185, and the entrance and exit passages 186 having a width of 60 cm or more are formed on both sides of the ground 185 so as to stand up and be fixed as pillar members 187, and the upper bent portions of each guard rail are horizontal surfaces. Further, each guard rail is provided with a tension reinforcing member 188, which is also a bent guard rail, connected to the column member 187 at the upper part and embedded at the lower part.
In addition, you may arrange | position eight guard rails by the opposing type | formula (4 are the above-mentioned four-way opposing things, and the thing of a virtual line (actually broken line) combines them). However, if there are eight, the passage opening 186 is not formed, so that one passage is formed to form the passage opening 18, and a total of seven sets are formed. As shown in the lower right column of FIG. Although the guardrail has a double mountain shape, it may be three or more as shown on the left in FIG.

  Reference numeral 190 denotes a stage floor, which may be formed simply by superposing two folded-type floor boards so that the concavo-convex directions are orthogonal to each other and overlapping a flat board thereon to form a three-layer floor. The stage floor 190 is connected and fixed to the upper bent portion of the column member 187 by a fastening tool 191. An escape port 192 is formed in the floor 190 and evacuates by a step 193 provided in one column member 187. The person who has done so can climb on the stage floor 190. 194 is a safety handrail provided on the outer periphery on the stage floor 190. Reference numeral 195 denotes an upper step receiving frame for providing an upper step 193. In addition, if a plurality of protective piles 196 are arranged around the evacuation facility using guardrail materials, angle materials, round pipes, utility pole materials, etc., floating objects such as the stiffening reinforcement 188 and the pillar material 187 Before the collision, the facility body is buffered to protect the facility body. Further, as shown in the right column of FIG. 18, the column members 187 may be arranged so that each other has a divergent shape. In that case, you may form and install so that the part may be attached to the lower part of the pillar material 187, or it may be bent separately, and the part may become the protection pile 187a. Since this evacuation facility is constructed by combining guardrails, it is elastic and can withstand shock loads caused by drifting objects and tsunami currents with a buffering action.

19 and 20 show an embodiment of the disaster prevention shelter S in a spherical shape (ball shape), and the inner skeleton made of steel, aluminum alloy, or reinforced resin is shown by a solid line, and the other parts are phantom lines. It is shown.
201 is a middle horizontal ring, which is formed of a grooved steel with the groove facing inward and formed into an integral ring, 202 is a central elevation ring, and the grooved steel is formed with the groove facing outwards so that the whole is integrated. It is formed in a ring shape. 203 is an orthogonal vertical half-ring, which is also a grooved steel and is formed in a substantially semicircular arc shape with the groove facing outward, and 204 is a slanted vertical half-ring, which is also a grooved steel. Four grooves are formed in a substantially semicircular arc shape with the grooves facing outward. A central elevation ring 202 is provided on the outer periphery of the middle horizontal ring 201 so as to be orthogonal to the outer circumference and connected by a fastening device 206, and a pair of front and rear orthogonal elevation half rings 203, 203 are orthogonally connected to the central elevation ring 202. It is provided, and the upper and lower sides and the middle are connected by the fastening tool 206, and further, four slanting vertical half rings 204 are arranged and connected by the fastening tool 206, so that the whole is formed into a spherical skeleton.

  A buffer-type upper floor material 208 is provided on the indoor bottom of the inner skeleton via a disk-shaped bottom floor material 207, and a part of the inner bottom material 207 and the inner floor material 208 is openable. Thus, the emergency supplies (not shown) stored in the bottom space can be taken out, and the oxygen replenishing means, emergency light equipment, escape tool and the like can be used. Reference numeral 210 denotes a divided spherical shell material made of steel or the like. Here, there are eight divided spherical shell materials, which are attached to the skeleton side by a fastening device (not shown). Reference numeral 211 denotes an inner opening type escape cover, 212 denotes an inner opening type doorway cover, and 213 denotes a pedestal. Reference numeral 215 denotes an internal cushioning material. An external cushioning material or a fireproof layer material may be externally provided.

This disaster prevention shelter S is installed on a floor 216 of a house in a fixed or non-fixed manner, and is a protective structure that strongly counters emergency situations such as debris flows, earthquakes, and tsunami flows.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 21, the disaster prevention shelter S can be brought into a state where most of the disaster shelter S is exposed to the floor room through the opening 219 opened in the floor 216 while being supported by the bottom recess 218. As shown in FIG. 22, while being supported in a large underfloor recess 219, it may be equipped in a form partially appearing in the room through an opening 219. In these cases, the doorway cover 212 can be opened from the room and can be evacuated immediately. In FIG. 23, a desk (or table) 220 is arranged on the upper surface of the disaster prevention shelter S so that the table 220 can be moved up and down with respect to the disaster prevention shelter S by the hinge 221 and the desk 220 is connected to the entrance / exit lid 212 by a stay 222. It may be possible to evacuate immediately by interlocking so that the lid 212 is opened by lifting. Reference numeral 223 denotes a chair.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 24, the disaster prevention shelter S is formed into an oval shape with reinforced resin, reinforced concrete, steel (or aluminum alloy), etc., and is stored and installed under the floor while being supported in the under floor recess 225. May be configured such that by opening the floor plate 226, the doorway 227 can be opened to evacuate immediately. 228 is an inner floor material, 229 is an anchor, and 230 is an escape lid.

  FIG. 25 relates to a disaster prevention shelter S in which the fixed underfloor seismic refuge table is configured not only for earthquakes but also for debris flows. The disaster prevention shelter S includes four steel pipe struts 233, an upper frame (not shown) that connects the upper ends of the steel pipes in a square frame shape, a lower frame 234 with respect to the upper frame, and a base fixing member 235. A top plate 236 is attached on the upper frame and is used for a table. This table is formed such that a substantially half body part appears below the floor and an upper half part appears on the floor through an opening 238 opened in a floor plate (only part is shown) 237, and the base fixing member 235 is placed on the basic concrete (not shown). It is made an earthquake-resistant table by mounting and fixing. An opening lid (not shown) is provided at a position corresponding to the opening 238 so as to be freely opened and closed, and this opening lid is also used as a footrest plate for a person who sits on a chair (not shown) and eats.

  Such a disaster prevention shelter S is protected from an earthquake by opening the opening lid and evacuating through the opening 238 to the under-floor space under the table. Here, as a disaster prevention shelter S against debris flow, side protection members 240 are attached to both end surfaces of the short side, and a lower part protection member 241 is attached to the lower part in the opposite direction. The upper part of the upper part is open during normal times and is used for meals. Therefore, when it is against debris flow, a pair of upper part protective members 242 provided nearby are attached so as to close the opening. To deal with. Each protective material is exemplified as a net-like or punched plate, but a normal flat metal plate or resin plate can be used. The emergency supplies mentioned above shall be kept in the disaster prevention shelter S.

  FIG. 26 shows another embodiment. The embodiment includes four slanted columns 246, an upper connecting frame 247 connecting the upper portions, an X-shaped lower connecting member 248 connecting the lower portions, and a bottom plate 249 integrated on the upper surface thereof. It has a top surface 250 on the top and is made of an earthquake-resistant structure. It has a receiving ring 252 for a clothes hanger around the central axis 251 that also serves as a stick, and can be used as a clothes rack during normal times. It is a disaster prevention shelter S configured to evacuate inside and protect residents.

  The protective material 254... Is stuck on the four surfaces around the disaster prevention shelter S so that it can be safely evacuated even for debris flows. Reference numeral 255 denotes an entrance door, and the protective material 254 and the door 255 may use a flat metal plate or resin plate as described above. The emergency supplies mentioned above shall be kept in the disaster prevention shelter S.

FIG. 27 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, a spherical pressure-resistant disaster prevention shelter S having a shell made of reinforced resin, concrete, or metal and provided with an entrance door 260 is installed outdoors, and a protective column 261 such as a power pole is erected in front of it. In addition, the upper part of the protective column 261 and the disaster prevention shelter S are connected by a plurality of slantingly descending checkers (wires, link chains, etc.) 262. By doing so, the debris flow X is generated. Even if they act, the boulders and driftwood are restrained by the protective pillars 261, and the remaining sediments flow to the bottom of the disaster prevention shelter S. As a result, the disaster prevention shelter S is lifted up and escaped from the direct debris flow to help those who evacuate inside It is what has become. 263 may not be provided with a net-like material, and 264 is opened inward by an escape door.
As shown in FIG. 28, the disaster prevention shelter S may be of a long round cylinder shape or a prismatic shape.

  In the above embodiment, the explanation has been given mainly for evacuation measures when debris flows occur. However, for evacuation measures when a house collapses due to an earthquake or tsunami, and for evacuation measures from falling objects such as stones that fall due to a volcanic explosion. Furthermore, it can also be used for evacuation countermeasures when tornadoes and typhoons, or for evacuation countermeasures from bombed flying objects during wartime.

FIGS. 29 to 31 show other examples of the disaster prevention shelter S basically made of steel that effectively protects people who have evacuated from the occurrence of cinders associated with volcanic disasters such as steam explosions and magmatic explosions. It is designed to cope with disasters such as debris flow.
This disaster prevention shelter S is shown in FIG. 29 as both a single stand-alone type and, for example, a connectable type that can be connected in three (multiple) series. Are all based on a common structural type.
As shown in an exploded view in FIG. 30, each shelter S is composed of a plurality of (5) donut plate-shaped main frames 270 arranged in parallel with a distance of several tens of centimeters, and between these axes. An end main frame 271 having a through hole a in the circumferential direction, which is a donut plate type provided so as to be located at each end in the axial direction at a distance of several tens of centimeters from the axial end side of the main frame 270. It has as a frame.
These 270 and 271 are fixedly arranged on the inner surface of a cylindrical outer protective frame 273 and arranged so that the end main frames 271 and 271 at both ends are located at the respective end positions of the frame 273.

  A support base 275 for stably installing the shelter S on the base 274 is projected below the outer periphery of the outer periphery protection frame 273, while a suspension wire from the helicopter 276 is provided at the upper outer periphery as shown in FIG. A suspension receiver 278 connected to 277 is provided so that each shelter S can be air transported from a production factory to a target volcano or debris flow assumption base 274 in a state of being suspended by a suspension wire 276. .

  An end main frame 271 and an inter-axis main frame 270 project from the inner periphery of the outer periphery protection frame 273 so as to project inward, and face each other with an inner bottom plate 280 in the middle as shown in FIG. An evacuation unit equipped with a seat 281 is fixedly installed inside. The inside of the seat 281 is a stockpile 282 and can be used by opening the seat surface and the front plate, and between the center position of the inner bottom plate 280 and the inner surface of the outer periphery of the outer protective frame 273, A catching pole 283 that can be gripped by an evacuee sitting on a seat 281 is fixedly installed. A buffer tube such as a rubber sponge for safety may be attached to the outer periphery of the pole 283.

An indoor layer member 285 is attached to a portion corresponding to the main frame 270, 271 on the inner periphery of the outer peripheral protective frame 273, and an outdoor layer member 286 is attached to the outer periphery of the outer peripheral protective frame 23. A protective roof 287 may be provided on the outer periphery of 286 so as to form a double roof. Reference numeral 288 denotes the support stay.
For countermeasures against earth and sand disasters such as debris flow, both the indoor layer material 285 and the outdoor layer material 286 may be provided with buffering performance. However, for countermeasures against volcanic disasters such as a steam explosion, the indoor layer material 285 and the outdoor layer material are used. It is preferable that both 286 have a heat insulating function.

29, as shown at the left end of FIG. 29, the shelter S is a single shelter in which a pair of front and back ends 289 with through holes b are fastened to the front and rear ends of the shelter S with fasteners c. Further, the end lid body 289 is attached only to one of the shelters S, and the other end is not attached to the end lid body 289, and the shelter S provided in the middle of FIG. For example, the shelter S at the right end of FIG. 29 is connected by the joining of the end main frames 271 by the fastening tool to form, for example, a disaster prevention shelter S including three shelters. You may do it.
In this case, the adjacent shelters S and S are joined by connecting the opposing end main frames 271 and 271 with a fastening tool (not shown).
Since the end main frames 271 and 271 are flanges projecting inwardly of the shelter S, for example, an outer periphery joining member (not shown) in which the front and rear shelters S and S are short-sized types of the outer periphery protection frame 273. ) May be separately connected and protected.

These single-unit or connection-type shelters S are configured with a fixing masonry 291 and an air supply device 292 as shown in FIG.
The fixing masonry 291 has a role of supporting the shelter S supported by placing the support bases 275 and 275 on the base 274 while protecting the shelter S on both sides under the support 275 and 275. The air is taken in as shown by the arrow with a filtering function while blocking air. Therefore, the purification catalyst may be mixed in the masonry 291 in order to exhibit the filtration function more. 293 is a bottom net for preventing earth and sand and water.
The air supply device 292 includes the fixing masonry 291 as a part thereof. Here, the air supply device 292 includes a bottom masonry 295 that passes through the earth 294 and the buried net 294 for preventing water at a position corresponding to the bottom of the shelter S in the base 274. It is configured. The air supply device 292 automatically supplies external air as indicated by arrows X and Y into the shelter S through the air path to supply purified air to the evacuated person. It also functions as a device that guides the room while purifying them when accompanied by gas.
Note that reference numeral 296 in FIG. 29 denotes an entrance door, which is mounted on the end cover body 289. Reference numeral 297 denotes a ventilation filter port. 289a protects a person who is going to evacuate to an evacuation exit provided with an entrance door 296 with a safety fence from volcanic flying objects and volcanic ash from above.

  32 and 33 show another embodiment of the shelter S for countermeasures against volcanic disasters. This shelter S has the same structure as the shelter S shown in FIGS. 29 to 31, except that a plurality of protection piles 298 made of sheet piles are placed on both sides of the shelter S. By supporting these 298 ... and supporting the front of the safety 庇 299, the 庇 299 is strongly supported, and even if volcanic rocks, ash, etc. come in, it strongly resists and protects those who evacuate under it. In addition, a plurality of protective piles 298... Can protect people evacuating from flying objects such as volcanic rocks and volcanic ash.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS S ... Disaster prevention shelter 1 ... Wooden house 2 ... Floor base board 13 ... Main frame frame 15 ... Outer periphery protection frame 15a ... Peripheral fuselage 15b ... End lid body 17 ... Axle main frame 18 ... End part main frame 19 ... Connection frame 32 ... Entrance / exit 33 ... Entrance door 36 ... Indoor cushioning material 49 ... Emergency exit 53 ... Evacuation space 62 ... Outdoor cushioning material

Claims (1)

  A disaster prevention shelter in which a doorway is formed in an outer peripheral protective frame having a sealed evacuation space inside, which is opened and closed by an entrance door, and a cushioning material is provided on the inner surface of the outer peripheral protective frame.

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