JP2016044088A - Method of producing compost in short period, method of transforming abandoned cultivation land into farmland in short period, and method of utilizing contaminated soil for farmland - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of producing compost in a short period in which livestock excreta is transformed into organic fertilizer and compost even faster comparing to conventional methods.SOLUTION: A method of producing compost on a roofed concrete floor in a short period comprises: a pretreatment process of heaping a mixture formed by mixing livestock excreta and an additive containing rice malt at the thickness of 20 to 30 cm; a primary fermentation process of agitating the mixture to aerobically ferment every day or every other day for 5 to 8 days; and a secondary fermentation process of adding rice bran and soybean cake to a primary fermented product and agitating it to aerobically ferment every day or every other day for 5 to 8 days.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to the excrement of livestock such as cattle, pigs, chickens and horses (hereinafter simply referred to as “livestock excrement”), human excrement, green crops, and food residues (including these, In particular, the present invention relates to a method for producing compost in a short period of time using cow manure (hereinafter also simply referred to as “cow manure”), a method for converting abandoned farmland into a short-term farmland, and a method for using contaminated soil in farmland.

(Problem shortening composting time)
Compost made from traditional livestock manure is made by mixing livestock manure and sub-materials such as rice straw, putting them in fields and slowly composting them over a long period of time. At present, due to legal regulations, bad odor problems, etc., livestock manure is piled up on a floor that does not penetrate the soil where the roof is located, and repeated turnover (reversal) with the progress of fermentation and reaching the predetermined temperature as a guideline, It is made by ripeness while eliminating bad smell. And in order to obtain livestock manure, in particular, fully-ripened compost of cow dung, approximately 120 to 150 days are required. For this reason, livestock cow dung is incinerated, which increases processing costs and environmental burden.

  In recent years, as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 and the like, organic fertilizers using various livestock manure and methods for producing organic fertilizers have been proposed. However, none are satisfactory in early composting.

  Thus, as disclosed in Patent Document 4, the inventor has already developed an organic fertilizer and an organic fertilizer manufacturing method for realizing early organic fertilization by increasing an unprecedented fertilizer component of livestock manure. After that, as a result of earnest research, it was found that composting was possible at an early stage, and the present invention was completed.

  The invention disclosed in Patent Document 4 mainly uses livestock manure, particularly cow dung, as a main raw material, can be composted at an early stage, reduces malodor during the manufacturing process, prevents fertilizer with a high phosphorus content, prevents continuous cropping trouble, An organic fertilizer that imparts disease resistance, increases crop yield, enables cultivation of large flowers and fruits, and a method for producing the same, wherein manure is mixed with plant material to adjust the hardness of manure A pre-treatment step, a primary fermentation step in which manure after the manure pretreatment step is piled up and partially decomposed and fermented, and a secondary fermentation in which rice bran and a microorganism culture solution are added to the manure after the primary fermentation step to promote fermentation And a tertiary fermentation process in which a microbial decomposition product is added to the manure after the secondary fermentation process to perform additional fermentation.

(Problems with abandoned farmland)
On the other hand, with the decline in the agricultural population and aging, farmland is abandoned and farmland (including abandoned farmland (including uncultivated land as farmland, and fields that have been left for a short period of time and overgrown with weeds)) is seen. This has become a big problem in rural areas and local governments. Although a company's agricultural business is permitted, the abandoned farmland is covered with weeds and cannot be easily restored as farmland, and cultivation of crops cannot be started in a short period after restoration.

  Therefore, it takes a lot of time and money to recover to farmland and to obtain income from crop cultivation. Even if a company's agricultural business is approved, the problem of abandoned farmland cannot be solved easily. Absent. On the other hand, even if a person who is not a farmer tries to start farming from the middle, it must be said that it is practically impossible to convert a large abandoned farmland into farmland. . Therefore, it is expected to develop a technology that enables early abandonment of farmland and income from early crop cultivation.

(Culture restriction problem of contaminated soil)
On the other hand, there are farmlands where crop cultivation is restricted by the detection of pollutants. There are areas contaminated with radioactive materials caused by the nuclear accident, areas contaminated with heavy metals, and the transfer and residual of pollutants to cultivated crops are serious problems. In these areas, various measures such as decontamination, soil replacement, and immobilization of pollutants have been taken, but the current situation is that there is no prospect of starting cultivation and no income from agriculture.

  As a result, in the restricted farming area, as in the case of the abandoned farming area, even if the farmland is covered with weeds and the farming can be resumed, there is a concern about the time and cost burden for farming. Even if it has already been turned into abandoned cultivated land and it has been restored to farmland, it is necessary to continue pruning weeds when crop cultivation is not carried out to prevent the return to farmland. It is necessary to continue the cultivation of crops that do not become large, and it is extremely burdensome. In areas where cultivation is restricted, it is desired to construct a new agricultural production system that balances continuous crop production and income.

JP-A-2005-320181 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-060210 JP 2004-131356 A JP 2010-208893 A

  Therefore, the present invention provides a short-term production method for compost, a short-term farmland production method for abandoned farmland, and a method for using contaminated soil in farmland, in which livestock manure is converted to organic fertilizer / compost earlier than conventional methods. With the goal.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides:
(1)
A method of manufacturing compost on a covered concrete floor in a short time,
A pretreatment step of laminating a mixture of livestock manure and additives containing sputum at a thickness of 20-30 cm;
A primary fermentation step in which the mixture is aerobically fermented by stirring for 5-8 days every day or every other day;
A secondary fermentation process in which rice bran and soybean meal are added to the primary fermented product and stirred for 5 to 8 days every day or every other day for aerobic fermentation;
A method for the short-term production of compost characterized by comprising:

(2)
A method for producing compost in the field in a short time,
A pre-treatment step of stacking a mixture of an additive containing livestock manure and straw and soil in a thickness of 20-30 cm;
A primary fermentation step of aerobic fermentation by stirring daily or every other day for 5-8 days while adjusting the water content of the mixture;
A secondary fermentation process in which rice bran and soybean meal are added to the primary fermented product and stirred for 5 to 8 days every day or every other day for aerobic fermentation;
A method for the short-term production of compost characterized by comprising:

(3)
The short-term production method of compost according to (1) or (2), wherein the additive contains oyster shells.

(4)
The additive is
Per 2 tons of livestock manure,
100-300kg of rice bran
Soy meal 50-100kg
Oyster shell 30-80 kg
Silicon source 10-30kg
Crab shell 30-50kg
〜 50-200kg
(1) Or the short-term manufacturing method of compost as described in (2) characterized by the above-mentioned.

(5)
The method for producing a compost for a short time according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the koji is a residue obtained by growing seed koji.

(6)
The method for producing a compost for a short time according to (4), wherein the silicon source is straw or bamboo.

(7)
A method for converting abandoned cultivated land where the above-ground part has a density of less than 3 kg / m ² and overgrown with weeds,
A weed crushing process for crushing weeds;
An additive spraying process in which 0.2 to 0.5 tons of the following additives are added per 10 ares of a field,
100-300kg of rice bran
Soy meal 50-100kg
Oyster shell 30-80 kg
Silicon source 10-30kg
Crab shell 30-50kg
〜 50-200kg
A rough tilling process in which ground weeds, additives and soil are mixed and left for 3 weeks,
A microbial enzyme mixing process in which the following microbial enzymes are sprayed, mixed, and allowed to stand for 2 weeks per 10 ares of field:
A surface finishing process to level the field surface with a rotary,
Consists of
A method for converting abandoned cultivated land into farmland that enables seeding and seedling planting of crops immediately after the surface finishing process.

(8)
A method for converting abandoned cultivated land where the above-ground part has a density of 3 kg / m ² or more and overgrown with weeds,
A weed crushing process for crushing weeds;
Spraying microbial enzymes;
A mixing step of mixing the crushed weeds and the sprayed microbial enzyme with the soil;
A surface finishing process to level the field surface with a rotary,
Consists of
A method for converting abandoned cultivated land into a farmland, which is performed in one day from the weed pulverization step to the surface finishing step, and immediately after the surface finishing step, it is possible to sow and plant seedlings.

(9)
The microbial enzyme is a residue of wheat straw or soy sauce seed cake grown with soy sauce seed meal (and 50 to 150 kg per 10 ares of field). 7) or the farm land conversion method of abandoned cultivation land as described in (8).

(10)
A method for using contaminated soil in farmland, comprising cultivating a crop as a raw material for biofuel on contaminated soil and generating biofuel from the obtained biomass.

(11)
(10) The cultivation of the crop is started after the contaminated soil is leveled and fielded by the short-term farmland conversion method of the abandoned farmland according to any one of (7) to (9). Use of contaminated soil in farmland

(12)
The method for using contaminated soil in agricultural land according to (10) or (11), wherein the pollutant is concentrated and recovered as the bioethanol is produced, and the pollutant concentration in the contaminated soil is reduced.

(13)
A biofuel obtained by the method according to (10) or (11).
It was.

(14)
A compost obtained by the short-term production method for compost according to any one of (1) to (6).

(15)
A soil conditioner characterized by mixing the compost according to (14) and construction residual soil containing a large amount of clay.

  Since this invention is the said structure, the maturation period of compost is very short. In addition, the phosphorus component is high, the cultivated crop is highly resistant to pests, and the crop quality is also high.

  Even in abandoned cultivated land, seeding, seedling planting, etc. can be performed in a short period of time or immediately after restoration of farmland and leveling, enabling cultivation of crops in a short period of time and agricultural income in a short period of time.

  Even if the contaminated soil is in an abandoned cultivated land state, it is possible to cultivate the crop at an early stage by using the short-term farmland method of the abandoned cultivated land according to the present invention. By selecting and cultivating, it is possible to cultivate crops and obtain income even in contaminated soil. In addition, pollutants in contaminated soil are absorbed and concentrated in crops, and repeated crop cultivation reduces the concentration of pollutants in the soil, greatly reducing the number of years that crops that can be ingested by humans can be grown. can do.

It is a manufacturing flow figure of a first embodiment of a short-term manufacturing method of compost which is the present invention. It is an example of a composition of the additive used for 1st embodiment of a short-term manufacturing method. It is a manufacturing flow figure of 2nd embodiment of the short-term manufacturing method of compost which is the present invention. It is process drawing of the short-term farmlandization method (when there are few weeds) of cultivation abandonment land which is this invention. It is process drawing of the short-term farmlandization method (when there are many weeds) of cultivation abandonment land which is this invention. It is the working scenery of the short-term farmland conversion method (when there are many weeds) of cultivation abandonment land which is this invention. It is the photograph which copied the mode of growth (10 days after sowing) when seeds of peanut were immediately sown on the farmland improved by the method for short-term farming of the land with a lot of weeds according to the present invention. The subject hardly sees germination. It is process drawing of the farmland utilization method of the contaminated soil which is this invention.

  Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited to the following Example.

Compost short-term manufacturing method 1 / Composting indoors (concrete floor stockyard) (1) As shown in FIG. 1, compost short-term manufacturing method 1 includes a pretreatment step 2 and a primary fermentation step. 3, a secondary fermentation process 4, and a tertiary fermentation process 5, and the compost 6 can be manufactured very quickly.

(2) Pretreatment process 2
Pretreatment step 2 is a step of mixing livestock manure and an additive containing an alkaline material, and stacking the mixture to a thickness of 20 to 30 cm on a concrete floor with a roof. Unlike conventional compost production methods, without piles of livestock manure

  Livestock manure is mainly cattle, livestock manure such as cattle, pigs, chickens, and horses (livestock manure) and human feces. In addition to these, food residues and plants can also be used for livestock manure. Can be used as a mixture. Any feces and urine may be used, but considering the balance of nutrients (N, P, K) of compost as raw manure and additional fertilizer, 4 parts by weight of cow dung, 4 parts by weight of swine dung, and 2 parts by weight of chicken dung are preferable. The livestock manure may also include bedding straw, rice husk and the like.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the additives are rice bran, soybean meal, oyster shell, silicon source, crab shell, and straw for 2 to 5 tons of livestock manure corresponding to the amount of compost applied to the field 10 are. Adjust the amount shown in.

  Rice bran and soybean meal are mainly used to adjust the water content (viscosity) of livestock manure, and rice bran is also a source of lactic acid bacteria and has the effect of increasing the phosphorus component. Soybean meal becomes a source of amino acids during fermentation.

  Oyster shells are an alkaline material that increases the pH of livestock manure, promotes alkaline fermentation, suppresses the growth of spoilage microorganisms, etc. It is also a supply source of Zn) and magnesium (Mg).

  Enhancing zinc and magnesium increases enzyme production and activity, but if a large amount of key shell is added, the pH of livestock manure becomes too high. In order to increase Zn and Mg while preventing the increase in pH of livestock manure, bittern is preferably added. Further, instead of oyster shells, powder of Ioishi, which is an alkali mineral, can be used.

  The silicon source is a plant containing a large amount of glass, and examples thereof include straw, bamboo, and rice husks. Abundant glassy material makes the crops more durable and more resistant to pests. In addition, firewood, bamboo, rice husks, etc. are traditionally said to be effective as fertilizer components, but it takes time to compost and has not been used as a compost, resulting in increased disposal costs and environmental impact as incineration disposal. Yes. In the present invention, the use of compost material has the effect of reducing the environmental burden in addition to increasing resistance to crop diseases.

  Crab shell is a source of L-chitosan and helps the growth of fermenting microorganisms.

  Koji promotes degradation (low molecular weight) of livestock manure by amylase that hydrolyzes starch components secreted with the growth of koji, protease that converts amino acid into protein, and lipase that hydrolyzes ester bond of lipid. Furthermore, antibiotics and vitamins are also produced, and the fermenting bacterial flora is suitably arranged. It also produces cellulase and semicellulase, effectively decomposes livestock manure and silicon source, making it possible to produce compost rich in vitreous (silicon).

  Examples of koji sources include sake, miso, soy sauce yellow koji, shochu white, black koji, and awamori black koji. In particular, a residue obtained by growing seed pods may be used. Seed rice is grown in culture materials such as steamed wheat, barley, soybeans, and rice, which are nutrient sources, and after drying, the spores are sieved with a sieve and are distributed in the form of powder or granules. Conventionally, the seed maker has spent a great deal of cost on disposal because the seed residue is treated as industrial waste, paying for its disposal and incineration. By using the seed meal residue in the present invention, it is possible to make the raw material a short-term fertilizer and to reduce the incineration disposal cost. In addition, cereals such as barley tea extract residue (boiled husk) were planted with koji mold (spore powder), seed cake, and seed cake residue, and other nutrients were added if necessary, and expanded culture Proliferation may be used. This also leads to a reduction in food residues. It is desirable that the gonococcal growth bed does not compete with agricultural products and foods distributed.

  Depending on the use of the koji, the type of culture material and seed koji vary. For example, in the case of soy sauce koji (wheat koji), the whole wheat pulverized product is cultured as a culture material. Barley is used as a culture material for miso. In particular, the residue of wheat bran is preferable because of its rich variety of straw and silicon source (wheat bran).

  The residue of the seed meal contains enough koji mold for composting of livestock manure, and the residue of wheat straw contains bran and becomes a silicon source. Soybean is a source of amino acids. Black potato also produces citric acid and enhances fermenting microbial activity.

(3) Primary fermentation process 3
As shown in FIG. 1, the primary fermentation step 3 stirs a mixture of livestock manure and additives once every 1-2 days, mainly promotes aerobic alkaline fermentation for about 1 week, and decomposes livestock manure. In the primary fermentation, the mixture reaches a temperature of 70 to 80 ° C., and that time is regarded as the end point of the primary fermentation. Due to the alkalinity and high heat, the microbial flora of primary fermentation is selected, and an environment suitable for composting is prepared.

(4) Secondary fermentation process 4
In the secondary fermentation step 4, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, rice bran and soybean meal are added, and the mixture is stirred once every 1 to 2 days to promote mainly aerobic alkaline fermentation for about one week. . Rice bran and soybean meal are added to supplement the nutrients consumed for microbial growth in the primary fermentation, as well as to supply soil microorganisms and nutrients for the crop, and to supplement the mixture with lactic acid bacteria. If used as the original fertilizer, the secondary fermented product can be fertilized in the field. After the middle stage of secondary fermentation, there is almost no odor from the mixture.

(5) Tertiary fermentation process 5
The tertiary fermentation process 5 is a process for adding fermented rice bran and soybean meal and fermenting them as a fertilizer for fear of crops. Thereby, the nutrient value of compost, in particular, the phosphorus component (P) is increased by the addition of rice bran.

  In addition, when brown molasses (about 1/100 dilution) and / or a microbial fermentation enzyme liquid are sprayed and added to each fermentation process, fermentation rate will increase and each fermentation process can be shortened. As the microbial fermentation enzyme solution, a solution obtained by diluting bioion balance (manufactured by Aggregate) 100 times, other so-called “blur” solution, and the like can be used. The same applies to Example 2.

(6) Compost 6
The compost 6 can be produced from livestock manure in a short period of about 3 weeks. In the case of using it as the original fertilizer, a secondary fermented product made from about 2 tons may be applied to the field 10a. If it is original fertilizer, it can be manufactured from livestock manure in about two weeks. Moreover, the generation of bad odor during aging is extremely small.

  The compost obtained by the method 1 for short-term production of compost according to the present invention has a higher fertilizer component ratio, particularly phosphorus content, compared to conventional compost, and prevents crop cropping failures and improves disease resistance (especially leaf disease (emulsions) Disease, black spot disease, gray mold disease) is greatly reduced), yield is improved, crop quality, especially sugar content is improved, and it is extremely effective in the agricultural field.

  Furthermore, when compost 6 is used as culture soil or a soil improving material, it may be mixed with various types of soil according to the field used. In the case of farm fields with little clay, such as paddy fields, construction residual soil with much clay discarded from construction sites, leveling work, etc. may be mixed. By doing so, the processing cost of construction residual soil can also be suppressed and a low-cost culture soil and a soil improvement material can be provided. Various soils may be mixed before fermentation, during fermentation, or after fermentation.

Short-term production method 11 for compost / composting in a field Hereinafter, a production method in a field for compost applied to a 10 are scale field will be described in detail.

(1) Livestock manure: 2 ton / 10 ares The above livestock manure weight may be proportionally increased or decreased according to the area of the field to be fertilized. For example, 20 tons of livestock manure is used in a 1 hectare field. With this method, compost from a vast field can be produced in the field in a short period of time, and the production time of compost, the amount of chemical costs used, and the purchase cost can be reduced, and the discharged livestock manure is treated. This also makes it possible to reduce processing costs. Large farms that make it extremely economical to operate.
(2) Additive: Same as the additive in Example 1.

(3) Manufacturing process 1) The compost short-term manufacturing method 11 includes a pretreatment process 12, a primary fermentation process 13, and a secondary fermentation process 14.

2) Pretreatment process 12 (carrying livestock manure into the field)
Livestock manure is carried into the field, the same additives as in Example 1 are mixed, and if the livestock manure is 2 tons, it is stacked in a length of about 3 m × 3 m and a thickness of about 20-30 cm.

3) Primary fermentation process 13
As shown in FIG. 3, the primary fermentation 13 stirs a mixture of livestock manure, additive, and soil once every 1 to 2 days, mainly promotes aerobic alkaline fermentation for about 1 week, and decomposes livestock manure. In the primary fermentation, the mixture reaches a temperature of 70 to 80 ° C., and that time is regarded as the end point of the primary fermentation. Due to the alkalinity and high heat, the microbial flora of primary fermentation is selected, and an environment suitable for composting is prepared. In primary fermentation, since it is placed on soil and moisture easily diffuses into the atmosphere, livestock excreta is dried in about 4 days. Therefore, water is sprayed to such an extent that fermentation proceeds. At that time, the fermentation proceeds faster when sprayed with 1% by weight brown molasses. Further, a microbial enzyme solution may be added.

4) Secondary fermentation process 14
As shown in FIG. 3, the secondary fermentation process 14 adds rice bran and soybean meal, and further stirs the mixture with the soil once every 1 to 2 days to promote mainly aerobic alkaline fermentation for about one week. . Rice bran and soybean meal are added to supplement the nutrients consumed for microbial growth in the primary fermentation, as well as to supply soil microorganisms and nutrients for the crop, and to supplement the mixture with lactic acid bacteria. The secondary fermented product becomes compost 16 (original fertilizer) and can be directly applied to the field. After the middle stage of secondary fermentation, there is almost no odor from the mixture.

5) Compost 16
It is sprayed on the field at 10 ares and is swallowed into the field by a rotary driven by a tractor.

Short-term farmland conversion method 21 (low weeds)
Abandoned cultivated land includes overgrown fields and uncultivated land where weeds grow overgrown and crops cannot be cultivated immediately.

(1)
Therefore, the short-term farmland conversion method 21 of the abandoned farmland according to the present invention enables the early farming, the weed grinding process 22, the additive spraying process 23, the roughing process 24, the microbial enzyme mixing process 25, And the surface finishing step 26, and then the sowing / seedling planting step 27 becomes possible.

(2) Weed grinding step 22
The weed crushing step 22 is a step of cutting, crushing the weeds in the abandoned cultivated land with a hammer knife and scattering the weeds on the field surface. The ground weed is mixed with soil, fermented and decomposed into crop fertilizer.

(3) Additive spraying step 23
The additive spraying step 23 is a step of spraying the additive of Example 1 in an amount of 0.2 to 0.5 ton per 10 ares as in Example 1.

(4) Roughing process 24
The rough plowing step 24 is a step of plowing and inverting the field soil at a depth of about 30 cm with a plow pulled by a tractor. After cutting the soil with a blade, the cut soil is lifted along the mold board and inverted so that the underlying soil is on the ground. By reversing the top and bottom of the field soil, the weed pulverized material is buried in the soil and buried, and the decomposition of the organic matter in the lower layer is accelerated. Leave for 3 weeks after plowing and turning. During this time, weeds and additives are decomposed.

(5) Microbial enzyme mixing step 25
The microbial enzyme mixing step 25 is a step of spraying straw or a microbial enzyme fermentation liquid (microbial enzyme) and mixing the surface, fermenting and decomposing the weed pulverized with the additive. For example, 50 to 150 kg of wheat bran residue in which soy sauce seed meal is grown and / or barley koji residue in which miso seed meal is grown is introduced per 10 ares. The biobalance or / and blur of Example 1 may be sprayed instead of the cocoon or together with the cocoon. After that, since the soil cultivated with plow is a strip or a large lump of soil, the surface of the surface layer of about 10-20 cm is crushed with a rotary or the like to roughen the surface roughly. Then leave it for about 2 weeks. During this time, the decomposition of weeds and additives is promoted.

(6) Surface finishing step 26
This is a step of leveling the field surface so that seed sowing or seedling transplantation is facilitated. This completes the farming. After this, if sowing and seedling planting are performed, crop cultivation can be started. If it is the said method, cultivation abandoned land (when there are few weeds, it is a case where the weight of the above-ground part of weeds is generally less than 3 kg / m < ² >) can be utilized as farmland in about one month.
(7) Sowing / seedling planting process 27
Basically, crops that can be grown on the land can be cultivated and are not limited to special types and varieties.

Short-term farmland production method 31 (many weeds)
The short-term farmland conversion method 31 of the abandoned cultivated land according to the present invention includes a weed crushing step 22, a microbial enzyme spraying step 32, a mixing step 35, and a surface finishing step 26 in order to enable further early farming. After that, the sowing / seedling planting step 27 becomes possible.

  The weed grinding step 22, the surface finishing step 26, and the sowing / seedling planting step 27 are the same as in the third embodiment.

In addition, when there are many weeds, the method can be applied to abandoned cultivated land where the weight of the above-ground part of the weeds is overgrown with a density of 3 kg / m ² or more. As the weeds, gramineous plants (including straw and bamboo) are the most suitable. Gramineae plants contain a lot of vitreous (silicon source) in their leaves, making the cultivated crops durable and increasing their resistance to pests.

Microbial enzyme spraying process 32
The microbial enzyme spraying step 32 is a step of spraying the straw of the microbial enzyme mixing step 25 in Example 3 or the microbial enzyme fermentation broth. These break down and fertilize the crushed weeds simultaneously without inhibiting seed germination and seedling growth.

Mixing step 33
The mixing step 33 is a step of pouring the weed pulverized material sprayed with microbial enzymes into the soil, and agitates the surface layer of 10-20 cm with the rotary of the tractor. The crushed weeds that have been incorporated are decomposed by microbial enzymes and become the basic fertilizer for cultivated crops.

  In the short-term farmland conversion method 31 of the abandoned cultivated land thus formed, the sowing and seedling planting steps 27 to 27 can be performed in one day. Conventional common sense is that when weeds are planted in the field, they are left to stand for a predetermined period of time, after which weed decomposition, heat of decomposition, and harmful gases for crops are removed, followed by sowing and seedling planting processes. It was common sense.

  However, it was confirmed that seeding of seeds and transplanting of seedlings were immediately possible by spraying microbial enzymes on ground weeds and then pouring them into the soil. The weed pulverized product is decomposed, and the seeds and seedlings having vital activities are not decomposed and become viable. The mechanism is awaiting further research, but when using microbial enzymes, especially wheat straw, some choices work, for example, suppressing the fever associated with decomposition, or suppressing or avoiding the generation of toxic gases, or By these complex phenomena or new unknown phenomena, weed decomposition products are decomposed, and seeds and seedlings can be grown without being decomposed or suppressing germination.

  This simplifies the processing of weeds, makes fertilizers, reduces the costs of fertilizer associated therewith, reduces the waiting time until farming, and provides early income, thereby providing a feasible solution to the problem of abandoned farmland be able to.

  A photograph taken during the short-term farmland conversion method 31 in abandoned farmland is shown in FIG. (A) A landscape of abandoned farmland where weeds are overgrown. (B) is a landscape of rough plowing (upside down plowing at a depth of 30 cm). Here, after the weed crushing process, but before the microbial enzyme application, a rough tilling process was added, but the rough tilling process is not essential. (C) is a landscape where the residue of soy sauce seed meal (wheat meal) is sprayed.

  Then, the field surface was leveled with a rotary, and seeds of groundnut were sown. Thereafter, germination could be confirmed after 4 days in the example section. The germination rate was almost 100%, whereas no germination was confirmed on the fourth day in the comparative example (without the microbial enzyme spraying step 32).

Short-term farmlandization method using weeds Fig. 7 shows a field where weeds were cultivated and immediately seeded with seeds of sea oysters and their growth was observed.

As shown in FIG. 7, the weed (1) in the field (the back example section, the front comparative example section) where weeds grow as much as the height is cut with a hammer knife 34 and left in the test section, In the Example section, the microbial enzyme and rice bran of Example 3 were sprayed (5), and plowed, that is, cut weeds were put into the soil (3). At this time, the weed weight of the above-ground part was 6.56 kg / m ² (June 25, 2014). In the comparative example, microbial enzymes and rice bran are not sprayed.

  Immediately thereafter, peanut seeds were sown in the example group and the comparative example group (4).

  In the example group, germination was confirmed on the fourth day after sowing (5), and in the comparative example, germination was finally confirmed on the tenth day after sowing (6). As can be seen from the photograph (6), weed growth is strong in the example section, but weed growth is very small in the comparative section. This result was consistent with the conventionally known poor growth of crops in fields after weeds were introduced.

  On the other hand, in the example section where the microbial enzyme (here, cocoon) was sprayed, even if raw weeds were swallowed, the cut weeds were decomposed, the seeds were germinated without being decomposed, and grew smoothly (7) .

This suggests the possibility of using the cut weeds as fertilizer by plowing them into the cultivation field. Therefore, it can be said that by fully growing weeds, a new farming method has been pioneered that increases the amount of organic matter accumulated by photosynthesis, increases the fertilizer value, and enables seed sowing and seedling transplantation immediately.
Conventionally weeds have been removed from the field at a high cost. However, in the present invention, the removal costs are not required, and they can be used as fertilizers, enabling a simple and low-cost farming method.

How to use contaminated soil in farmland 41
As shown in FIG. 8, the contaminated soil farmland utilization method 41 according to the present invention includes short-term farmland production methods 21 and 31, biofuel crop cultivation 42, biomass 43 harvesting, and biofuel production as shown in FIG. 8. 44 to obtain biofuel.

  In contaminated soil where pollutants are detected in excess of the standard, weeds overgrow, just like abandoned farmland, and cannot be used immediately as farmland. Known contaminants include mercury, cadmium, copper and other metallic materials, radioactive materials, and the like.

  Next, even if the ground can be leveled, the crops cultivated there cannot be distributed and sold as crops for human consumption because pollutants are detected in excess of a standard concentration that is acceptable for human consumption.

  When using contaminated soil as cultivated land, it was first necessary to remove the weeds that had grown in the field and leave it for a certain period of time to become a farming field for crops. Moreover, conventionally, the soil was replaced as needed. And it was a problem that the income from crop cultivation cannot be obtained during this period. The conversion of contaminated soil into agricultural land is very expensive and time consuming, and it can hardly be implemented.

  Therefore, by the short-term farmland conversion methods 21 and 31 of the abandoned farmland according to the present invention, the farmland is leveled in a short period of time, and the sowing / seedling planting step 27 is performed in a short period or immediately to start crop cultivation. At that time, the crop to be selected is not intended to be ingested by humans but is selected from crops rich in starch and sugar that can become the biofuel 45, and the crop 42 for biofuel is grown.

  The harvested biomass 43 (such as fruit-derived starch, carbohydrates, leaves, stem-derived cellulose, etc.) is converted into bioethanol or the like by known chemical and microbial fermentation methods (biofuel production 44), respectively. Convert to biofuel 45.

  This enables short-term farmland and short-term income from crop cultivation, and enables the cultivation of crops even on land that is subject to crop cultivation restrictions due to the concentration of pollutants exceeding the distribution standards. It becomes possible to prevent abandoned cultivation of contaminated soil.

  In addition, the pollutants can be concentrated and recovered in biomass, and the concentration of pollutants in the contaminated soil can be reduced and the cultivation of ordinary crops that can be consumed by humans can be realized in a short time without replacing the soil. You can also do that.

1 Compost short-term production method 2 Pretreatment process 3 Primary fermentation process 4 Secondary fermentation process 5 Tertiary fermentation process 6 Compost 11 Compost 11 Short-term production method 12 Pretreatment process 13 Primary fermentation process 14 Secondary fermentation process 16 Compost 21 Abandoned farmland Short-term farmland conversion method 22 Weed grinding process 23 Additive spraying process 24 Rough plowing process 25 Microbial enzyme mixing process 26 Surface layer finishing process 27 Seeding and seedling planting process 31 Short-term farming method of abandoned farmland 32 Microbial enzyme spraying process 33 Mixing process 34 Hammer knife 41 Agricultural land utilization method 42 Biofuel crop cultivation 43 Biomass 44 Biofuel production 45 Biofuel

Claims (15)

A method of manufacturing compost on a covered concrete floor in a short time,
A pretreatment step of laminating a mixture of livestock manure and additives containing sputum at a thickness of 20-30 cm;
A primary fermentation step in which the mixture is aerobically fermented by stirring for 5-8 days every day or every other day;
A secondary fermentation process in which rice bran and soybean meal are added to the primary fermented product and stirred for 5 to 8 days every day or every other day for aerobic fermentation;
A method for the short-term production of compost characterized by comprising: A method for producing compost in the field in a short time,
A pre-treatment step of stacking a mixture of an additive containing livestock manure and straw and soil in a thickness of 20-30 cm;
A primary fermentation step of aerobic fermentation by stirring daily or every other day for 5-8 days while adjusting the water content of the mixture;
A secondary fermentation process in which rice bran and soybean meal are added to the primary fermented product and stirred for 5 to 8 days every day or every other day for aerobic fermentation;
A method for the short-term production of compost characterized by comprising: The method for producing a compost for a short time according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the additive contains oyster shells. The additive is
Per 2 tons of livestock manure,
100-300kg of rice bran
Soy meal 50-100kg
Oyster shell 30-80 kg
Silicon source 10-30kg
Crab shell 30-50kg
〜 50-200kg
The method for short-term production of compost according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The method for producing a compost for a short time according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cocoon is a residue obtained by growing seed pods. The method for producing a compost for a short time according to claim 4, wherein the silicon source is straw or bamboo. A method for converting abandoned cultivated land where the above-ground part has a density of less than 3 kg / m ² and overgrown with weeds,
A weed crushing process for crushing weeds;
An additive spraying process in which 0.2 to 0.5 tons of the following additives are added per 10 ares of a field,
100-300kg of rice bran
Soy meal 50-100kg
Oyster shell 30-80 kg
Silicon source 10-30kg
Crab shell 30-50kg
〜 50-200kg
A rough tilling process in which ground weeds, additives and soil are mixed and left for 3 weeks,
A microbial enzyme mixing process in which the following microbial enzymes are sprayed, mixed, and allowed to stand for 2 weeks per 10 ares of field:
A surface finishing process to level the field surface with a rotary,
Consists of
A method for converting abandoned cultivated land into farmland that enables seeding and seedling planting of crops immediately after the surface finishing process. A method for converting abandoned cultivated land where the above-ground part has a density of 3 kg / m ² or more and overgrown with weeds,
A weed crushing process for crushing weeds;
Spraying microbial enzymes;
A mixing step of mixing the crushed weeds and the sprayed microbial enzyme with the soil;
A surface finishing process to level the field surface with a rotary,
Consists of
A method for converting abandoned cultivated land into a farmland, which is performed in one day from the weed pulverization step to the surface finishing step, and immediately after the surface finishing step, it is possible to sow and plant seedlings. The microbial enzyme is a residue of wheat straw or soy sauce seed cake grown with soy sauce seed meal (and 50 to 150 kg per 10 ares of field). Item 7. The method for converting abandoned farmland into a farmland according to Item 7 or Claim 8. A method for using contaminated soil in farmland, comprising cultivating a crop as a raw material for biofuel on contaminated soil and generating biofuel from the obtained biomass. The cultivation of the crop is started after the contaminated soil is leveled and fielded by the short-term farming method of abandoned farmland according to any one of claims 7 to 9. Item 10. A method for using contaminated soil in farmland. The method for using contaminated soil in farmland according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the pollutant is concentrated and collected as the bioethanol is produced to reduce the pollutant concentration in the contaminated soil. A biofuel obtained by the method according to claim 10 or 11. A compost obtained by the short-term production method for compost according to any one of claims 1 to 6. A soil improver comprising the compost according to claim 14 mixed with construction residual soil containing a large amount of clay.