JP2005296835A - Method for treating animal feces and urine - Google Patents
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- JP2005296835A JP2005296835A JP2004117853A JP2004117853A JP2005296835A JP 2005296835 A JP2005296835 A JP 2005296835A JP 2004117853 A JP2004117853 A JP 2004117853A JP 2004117853 A JP2004117853 A JP 2004117853A JP 2005296835 A JP2005296835 A JP 2005296835A
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- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 title abstract 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000406668 Loxodonta cyclotis Species 0.000 description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001513093 Aspergillus awamori Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000122821 Aspergillus kawachii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000131386 Aspergillus sojae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001112078 Aspergillus usamii Species 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000193403 Clostridium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228347 Monascus <ascomycete fungus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588653 Neisseria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228143 Penicillium Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283080 Proboscidea <mammal> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、新規な動物糞尿の処理法、より詳しくは、動物糞尿に麹菌又は麹を加え、これを発酵することを特徴とする動物糞尿の処理法に関する。 The present invention relates to a novel method for treating animal manure, and more particularly, to a method for treating animal manure characterized by adding koji or koji to animal manure and fermenting it.
本来、動物園、牧場等で排出される動物糞尿は多量の有機物を含有しており、リサイクルの観点から何らかの形で再利用するのが好ましい。しかし現在、そのほとんどが自家処理されずに、園（場）外に搬出され、廃棄処理されている。そしてその一部が土壌肥料として有効利用されているに過ぎない。 Originally, animal manure discharged from zoos, ranches and the like contains a large amount of organic matter and is preferably reused in some form from the viewpoint of recycling. At present, however, most of them are not processed in-house, but are carried out of the garden (place) and discarded. And some of them are only effectively used as soil fertilizer.
そこで本発明は、動物園、牧場等で排出される動物糞尿を自家処理するために、動物糞尿に対する優れた処理能力を示し、かつ飼育動物、作業従事者、及び来訪者の健康面に対して安全性が高い動物糞尿の処理法を供給することを解決すべき課題とするものである。 Therefore, the present invention shows an excellent treatment capacity for animal manure for self-treatment of animal manure discharged at zoos, ranches, etc., and is safe for the health of domestic animals, workers, and visitors. It is a problem to be solved to supply a method for treating animal manure with high properties.
一般的に、これら有機性廃棄物に対する処理能力のみを考えれば、従来使用されるバシルス（Bacillus）属、シュードモナス（Pseudomonas）属、クロストリジウム（Clostridium）属、トリコデルマ（Trechoderuma）属、アスペルギルス（Aspergillus）属、ペニシリウム（Penicillium）属等の微生物が選択される
動物園、牧場等で飼育されている動物は、極めて特殊な動物である。したがって、自家処理する上で最も気を付けなければならない点は、飼育動物の健康面に対する配慮である。さらに、動物にいつも接している作業従事者、及び来訪者（その性質上、免疫力の未発達な幼児が占める割合が多い）の健康面に対しても安全性が確立されていることが必須となる。 Animals bred at zoos and ranches are very special animals. Therefore, the most important point in self-treatment is consideration for the health of domestic animals. Furthermore, it is essential that safety is established for the health aspects of workers who are always in contact with animals, and visitors (often due to the nature of young children with poor immunity). It becomes.
従って、本発明の目的は、動物糞尿に対する優れた処理能力を示し、かつ飼育動物、作業従事者、及び来訪者の健康面に対して安全性が高い処理法を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a treatment method that exhibits excellent treatment capability for animal manure and that is highly safe for the health of domestic animals, workers, and visitors.
本発明者は、上記課題を解決すべく、食品加工に利用されている様々な微生物（酵母、麹菌、乳酸菌、ビフィズス菌等）の中から、動物糞尿に対する優れた処理能力を示す微生物を鋭意検索した。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has eagerly searched for microorganisms having excellent processing ability for animal manure from various microorganisms (yeast, koji mold, lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, etc.) used in food processing. did.
その過程において、動物糞尿に麹菌又は麹を加え、これを発酵することによって、発酵熱による水分蒸発で処理量が減量し、しかも動物糞尿特有の悪臭が消失することを見出した。また、当該発酵物（以下、「動物糞麹」という）を固液分離することよって得られる液体画分はメタン発酵のための良好な原料となることが明らかとなり、本発明を完成するに至った。 In the process, it was found that by adding koji mold or koji to animal manure and fermenting it, the amount of treatment is reduced by evaporation of water due to the heat of fermentation, and the odor peculiar to animal manure disappears. In addition, it became clear that the liquid fraction obtained by solid-liquid separation of the fermented product (hereinafter referred to as “animal manure”) is a good raw material for methane fermentation, leading to the completion of the present invention. It was.
すなわち、本発明は、動物糞尿に麹菌又は麹を加え、これを発酵することを特徴とする動物糞尿の処理法を提供するものである。 That is, this invention provides the processing method of animal manure characterized by adding koji mold or koji to animal manure and fermenting it.
本発明の処理法は、動物糞尿に麹菌又は麹を加え、これを発酵することを特徴とする。 The treatment method of the present invention is characterized by adding koji mold or koji to animal manure and fermenting it.
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。先ず、本発明の処理法を施す「動物糞尿」とは、動物の排泄物、動物に与える飼料、及び床敷きとして使用される乾草等を含めた有機性廃棄物のことを指す。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. First, “animal excrement” to which the treatment method of the present invention is applied refers to organic waste including animal excrement, animal feed, hay used as a flooring, and the like.
なお、本発明の処理法を施す対象となる動物は、動物園並びに牧場で飼育される動物のことを指す。動物園並びに牧場で飼育されている動物であれば、種類に限定されるものではなく、象、馬、及び牛等に対して本発明の処理法を施すことが可能である。 In addition, the animal used as the object to which the processing method of this invention is applied points out the animal reared in a zoo and a ranch. As long as it is an animal bred in a zoo and a ranch, it is not limited to the kind, and it is possible to apply the treatment method of the present invention to elephants, horses, cows and the like.
本発明の処理法に使用する麹菌としては、通常使用される麹製造のものであってよく、具体的にはAspergillius属あるいはMonascus属、好ましくはAspergillus awamori（IFO
4033，IFO 4125）、Aspergillus oryzae（IFO 4079，IFO 4290）、Aspergillus niger（IFO 4066，IFO
4343，ATCC 10254）、Aspergillus sojae（IFO 4200，IFO
4391）、Aspergillus usami（IFO 6082）、及びAspergillus kawachii（IFO 4308）等が挙げられ、さらに好ましくは、セルラーゼ活性の高いAspergillus niger（ATCC
10254）である。また、これらの菌株から製造した麹であってもよい。
As the koji mold used in the treatment method of the present invention, a koji mold which is usually used may be used. Specifically, the genus Aspergillius or Monascus, preferably Aspergillus awamori (IFO
4033, IFO 4125), Aspergillus oryzae (IFO 4079, IFO 4290), Aspergillus niger (IFO 4066, IFO)
4343, ATCC 10254), Aspergillus sojae (IFO 4200, IFO
4391), Aspergillus usami (IFO 6082), Aspergillus kawachii (IFO 4308) and the like, more preferably Aspergillus niger (ATCC) having high cellulase activity.
10254). Moreover, the cocoon manufactured from these strains may be sufficient.
なお、ここで列挙した菌株を遺伝子組み換えや突然変異惹起等の生物学的手段によって改変した菌株をも用いることができる。 In addition, strains obtained by modifying the strains listed here by biological means such as genetic recombination or mutagenesis can also be used.
本発明の処理手段である発酵は、１菌種の麹菌で行うことができるが、一般には、２菌種以上を組み合わせて使用する方が処理時間を短縮できるため好ましい。 Fermentation, which is a treatment means of the present invention, can be carried out with one type of koji mold, but in general, it is preferable to use a combination of two or more types of bacteria because the treatment time can be shortened.
その条件は麹菌の種類によっても異なるが、概ね以下の条件で行うことができる。発酵初発pHは6.0〜7.0であり、好ましくはpH6.5程度である。発酵温度は、30〜37℃であり、好ましくは35℃付近である。そして、発酵時間は、1〜10日間であり、好ましくは4日間程度である。 The conditions vary depending on the type of koji mold, but can generally be performed under the following conditions. The initial fermentation pH is 6.0 to 7.0, preferably about pH 6.5. The fermentation temperature is 30 to 37 ° C, preferably around 35 ° C. The fermentation time is 1 to 10 days, preferably about 4 days.
また、発酵方法は、従来知られている如何なる方法によっても良い。例えば、動物糞尿に麹菌を加えて良く混合し、静置式通風製麹装置等を使用して30〜37℃に保持して撹拌を続け、発酵させる方法がある。 The fermentation method may be any conventionally known method. For example, there is a method in which gonococcus is added to animal manure and mixed well, and then kept at 30 to 37 ° C. using a static ventilation device or the like, and stirred and fermented.
なお、麹菌が発酵を開始すると、発熱がはじまり、品温が徐々に上昇する。これ以降、恒温槽等で、好適には30℃〜37℃に保温することが好ましい。また、発酵熱により水分は蒸発し、動物糞尿は減量する。また、発酵が終了し、動物糞麹になると、動物糞尿特有の悪臭が消失し、麹の良好な香りのみとなり、動物園あるいは牧場に訪れる者への配慮にもなる。 In addition, when the koji mold starts fermentation, fever begins and the product temperature gradually rises. Thereafter, it is preferable to keep the temperature at 30 ° C. to 37 ° C. in a thermostatic bath or the like. Moreover, water is evaporated by heat of fermentation, and animal manure is reduced. In addition, when fermentation is completed and animal manure is produced, the malodor peculiar to animal manure disappears and only the good scent of the mane is obtained, which is also a consideration for those who visit the zoo or ranch.
次に実施例を挙げ、本発明を更に詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例等に何ら制約されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in more detail, this invention is not restrict | limited at all by these Examples.
ある動物園で動物の糞尿排泄量に関する調査を行った結果、１日約２トンの排出があることが分かった。しかし、実際は糞尿以上に使用済み床敷きの排出量の方がはるかに多いことが判明した。床敷きにはおもに乾草が使用されていた。そこで、麹菌を乾草に馴化させ、乾草に対する資化性を向上させるために、乾草を原料として乾草麹を製造した。 As a result of investigating the excretion amount of animals at a certain zoo, it was found that there was about 2 tons of discharge per day. However, it turned out that the amount of used floor covering was actually much higher than manure. Hay was mainly used for flooring. Therefore, hay bales were produced using hay as a raw material in order to acclimate the koji mold to hay and improve the utilization of hay.
（乾草麹の製造）乾草40gに水120gを加え、高温加圧蒸気滅菌した。当該培地に麹菌（Aspergillus niger ATCC 10254）を接種し、35℃で７日間培養した結果、菌糸が生育し、黒色の胞子を付けた。 (Production of hay bales) 120 g of water was added to 40 g of hay and sterilized at high temperature and pressure. The medium was inoculated with Aspergillus niger ATCC 10254 and cultured at 35 ° C. for 7 days. As a result, mycelium grew and black spores were attached.
また、ある動物園での１日約２トンの動物糞排出量のうち、象糞が0.7トンで35%を占めることが分かった。そこで、もっとも排出量が多い象糞に対して本発明の処理法を実施した。 It was also found that elephant feces accounted for 35% at 0.7 tons out of about 2 tons of animal feces per day at a zoo. Then, the processing method of this invention was implemented with respect to elephant feces with the largest discharge | emission amount.
（象糞麹の製造）動物園で夕方の清掃時に回収した象糞4.3kgに実施例１で製造した乾草麹を129g添加（添加量3%）し、毎分500mLの空気を通気しながら35℃で4日間発酵した。その結果、象糞は発酵熱によって水分が14%蒸発し、3.7kgに減量した。さらに、動物糞特有の悪臭はほとんど消失した。 (Manufacture of elephant manure) Add 129 g of hay bales produced in Example 1 to 4.3 kg of elephant manure collected at the time of cleaning at the zoo in the evening (addition amount 3%), and ventilate 500 mL of air per minute at 35 ° C And fermented for 4 days. As a result, elephant manure was reduced to 3.7kg by 14% of water evaporation by fermentation heat. Furthermore, the odor peculiar to animal feces has almost disappeared.
（可溶化率の比較）象糞麹2.38kgをYG-3型生ゴミ圧縮分別機（油研工業株式会社製）で固液分離を行った結果、1.56kg（65.5%）の液体画分と0.52kg（21.8%）の固体画分を得た。可溶化率を固液分離によって得た固体画分の比率で比較した場合、生象糞：50.8%が象糞麹：18.8%（水分蒸発による減量14%分を補正）に減少し、その差32.0%が可溶化されたことになる。このように象糞を麹菌によって発酵処理することによって、可溶化率が飛躍的に向上することが明らかになった。 (Comparison of solubilization rate) As a result of solid-liquid separation of 2.38 kg of elephant manure cake with YG-3 type garbage compaction separator (manufactured by Yuken Kogyo Co., Ltd.), 1.56 kg (65.5%) A solid fraction of 0.52 kg (21.8%) was obtained. When the solubilization rate is compared by the ratio of the solid fraction obtained by solid-liquid separation, live elephant feces: 50.8% decreases to elephant feces: 18.8% (corrected for 14% loss due to water evaporation), the difference 32.0% was solubilized. Thus, it has been clarified that the solubilization rate is dramatically improved by fermenting elephant feces with koji mold.
（成分の比較）実施例２で製造した象糞麹の固液分離による液体画分の成分内訳は、内藤環境管理株式会社による分析の結果（第00343600-003号）、水分：83.6%、生物化学的酸素要求量（BOD）：5,950ppm、化学的酸素要求量（CODCr）：108,000ppm、化学的酸素要求量（CODMn）：30,000ppm、蒸発残留物（TS）：16.4%、灼熱減量（VTS/TS）：72.1%、全窒素（T-N）：2,400ppm、全リン（T-P）：760ppmであった。 (Comparison of ingredients) The breakdown of the liquid fraction by solid-liquid separation of elephant manure produced in Example 2 is the result of analysis by Naito Environmental Management Co., Ltd. (No. 00343600-003), moisture: 83.6%, biological Chemical oxygen demand (BOD): 5,950 ppm, chemical oxygen demand (CODCr): 108,000 ppm, chemical oxygen demand (CODMn): 30,000 ppm, evaporation residue (TS): 16.4%, loss on ignition (VTS) / TS): 72.1%, total nitrogen (TN): 2,400 ppm, total phosphorus (TP): 760 ppm.
なお、もとの生象糞の固液分離による液体画分の成分内訳は、株式会社関東実技による分析の結果（第00691号）、水分：94.8%、BOD：20,000ppm、CODCr：99,000ppm、CODMn：16,000ppm、TS：5.2%、VTS/TS：73.9%、T-N：2,300ppm、T-P：740ppmであった。 The component breakdown of the liquid fraction by solid-liquid separation of the original raw elephant feces is the result of analysis by Kanto Practical Co., Ltd. (No. 00691), moisture: 94.8%, BOD: 20,000 ppm, CODCr: 99,000 ppm, CODMn: 16,000 ppm, TS: 5.2%, VTS / TS: 73.9%, TN: 2,300 ppm, TP: 740 ppm.
本発明の処理前後で、メタン発酵の原料としての有効性の指標となる有機物（VTS）値、CODCr値及びCODMn値を、1kgの生象糞及び象糞麹から固液分離によって得られる液体画分で比較すると、生象糞：VTS値18.7g、CODCr値48.7g及びCODMn値7.87gが、象糞麹：VTS値77.3g（313%増）、CODCr値70.7g（45%増）及びCODMn値19.7g（150%増）に増加し、本処理法の有効性が実証された。 Before and after the treatment of the present invention, an organic matter (VTS) value, CODCr value and CODMn value, which are indicators of effectiveness as raw materials for methane fermentation, are obtained by solid-liquid separation from 1 kg of live elephant feces and elephant feces. Compared in minutes, live elephant feces: VTS value 18.7g, CODCr value 48.7g and CODMn value 7.87g, elephant feces: VTS value 77.3g (313% increase), CODCr value 70.7g (45% increase) and CODMn The value increased to 19.7 g (up 150%), demonstrating the effectiveness of this treatment method.
本発明によれば、動物糞尿に麹菌又は麹を加え、これを発酵することによって、処理量の減量、動物糞尿が発する悪臭の消失、及び可溶化率の向上が達成できた。このように、本発明の処理法は、飼育動物、作業従事者、及び来訪者の健康面に対して安全性が高く、しかも処理能力に優れていて極めて有用といえる。 According to the present invention, by adding koji mold or koji to animal manure and fermenting it, it was possible to achieve a reduction in the amount of treatment, disappearance of malodors generated by animal manure, and an improvement in the solubilization rate. Thus, it can be said that the treatment method of the present invention is highly useful in terms of the health of domestic animals, workers, and visitors, and is excellent in treatment capacity.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004117853A JP2005296835A (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2004-04-13 | Method for treating animal feces and urine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004117853A JP2005296835A (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2004-04-13 | Method for treating animal feces and urine |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011033717A1 (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-03-24 | 株式会社琉球バイオリソース開発 | Goya koji composition |
| WO2015129606A1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | 株式会社Ｌｉｘｉｌ | Excreta processing method |
| JP2016044088A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-04-04 | 株式会社茎崎観光農園 | Short-term production method of compost, short-term farmland production method of abandoned farmland, farmland utilization method of contaminated soil |
-
2004
- 2004-04-13 JP JP2004117853A patent/JP2005296835A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011033717A1 (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-03-24 | 株式会社琉球バイオリソース開発 | Goya koji composition |
| WO2015129606A1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | 株式会社Ｌｉｘｉｌ | Excreta processing method |
| JP2015160203A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-07 | 株式会社Ｌｉｘｉｌ | Excrement processing method |
| JP2016044088A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-04-04 | 株式会社茎崎観光農園 | Short-term production method of compost, short-term farmland production method of abandoned farmland, farmland utilization method of contaminated soil |
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