JP2016041072A - アルファ−(1,2)−分岐アルファ−(1,6)オリゴデキストランを含有する組成物及びアルファ−(1,2)−分岐アルファ−(1,6)オリゴデキストランの製造方法 - Google Patents
アルファ−(1,2)−分岐アルファ−(1,6)オリゴデキストランを含有する組成物及びアルファ−(1,2)−分岐アルファ−(1,6)オリゴデキストランの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2009年5月7日にされた米国特許出願第61/176,242号に基づく優先権を主張し、当該基礎出願は、その全部が、あらゆる目的で、本明細書中に参照により援用される。
この実施例は、発酵の試験における本発明に係るアルファ-(1-2)分岐アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストラン化合物の使用を示す。下記実験により実証されるように、本発明に係る化合物は、消化管中の短鎖脂肪酸の生産を誘導した。
この実施例は、本発明に係るアルファ-(1-2)分岐アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランの、消化性の試験における使用を示す。消化性試験を実施するのに使用される方法は、Kendall et al., 2008 {Effect of Novel Maize-based Dietary Fibers on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulinemia, Kendall et al., Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 27, No.6, 711-718, 2008.)に記載されている。分子量(1又は40kDa)及び分岐度(分岐%:0、16又は32%)が調整されたアルファ-(1-2)分岐アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランの、消化性プロフィールを決定した。
この実施例は、本発明に係る化合物を与えたヒト対象の、イヌリン等の他の対照を与えた場合と比較しての、便試料のガス生産のインビトロ試験に関する。他の言及が無い限り、使用した全ての試薬は、Sigma laboratories (Gillingham, Dorset, UK)社から購入したものであった。13.5mlの予還元(pre-reduced)基礎培地を、滅菌ガラスチューブ(18 x 150 mm, Bellco, Vineland, New Jersey, USA)に入れ、嫌気性キャビネット(10 % H2, 10 % CO2及び80 % N2)に、一昼夜置いた。前記便接種材料(1/10 w/v)を加える前に、前記験基質(1/10 w/v)をチューブに加えた。そして、当該チューブを、ガス不透過性ブチルゴム隔膜(Supelco, Gillingham, Dorset, UK)及びアルミニウムクリンプ(Supelco, Gillingham, Dorset, UK)で密封した。チューブを定常的に攪拌しながら37℃でインキュベーションした。
この実施例は、本発明に係る、分子量及び分岐度が調整された、様々な分岐オリゴデキストラン化合物の合成を示す。幾つかのアクセプター反応は、アクセプターとして様々なMWを有する直鎖状オリゴデキストランを用いて実施された。
平均分子量70kDaであって、ロイコノストック・メセンテロイデス(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)NRRL B-512Fから取得した、様々な量のアルファ-1,6オリゴデキストランを、12時間、スクロース(292mM)及びGBD-CD2 (1 U/ml)と共に、30℃で、3.4mMの塩化カルシウムを添加した20mMの酢酸ナトリウム緩衝剤中でインキュベーションした。使用したアルファ-1,6デキストランは、62、309、463、1235及び2470mMであった。
アルファ-(1-2)分岐%=(100x(Ib+Ic)/2)/(Ia+Ib+Ic)
10、40、70又は2000kDaオリゴデキストランの存在下でのアクセプター反応は、初期の[スクロース]/[オリゴデキストラン]比率が0.95の条件で実施された。全ての産物は、13C-NMRによる決定において、37〜39%の類似のアルファ-(1,2)結合を示した。驚くべきことに、トランスグルコシダーゼの効果は、工程(1)で得たオリゴデキストランであるアクセプターの分子サイズに拘らず、同一であった。工程(1)において取得され、工程(2)においてアクセプターとして使用される、アルファ-1,6-オリゴデキストランの分子量は、形成されたアルファ-(1,2)-結合の量に対して、何ら影響をもたらさなかった。GBD-CD2のアルファ-(1,2)-トランスグルコシダーゼ活性は、少なくとも重合度(DP)の範囲が60〜12500グルコシル(glc)単位のアルファ1,6オリゴデキストランにおいて、工程(1)の産物の重合度から独立していた。
アルファ-(1-2)分岐アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランの鎮痛性能及び体重管理の効果を、健康なラットで試験した。この試験の目的は、健康なラットに、3週間、2つの濃度(食物中1%及び5%)で投与されたアルファ-(1,2)-分岐アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランが、小腸の快適性を増大させるか、及び体重の増大に影響をもたらすか否かを評価することである。特に、大腸の感度は、直腸結腸膨張試験により評価され、そして、動物は、実験期間を通じて計量された。
10頭 対照
10頭 +モルヒネ(単発皮下注射(1mg/kg)、CRDアッセイ前30分)
10頭 +F1 1% (DEX1000-15)
10頭 +F1 5% (DEX1000-15)
10頭 +F2 1% (DEX1000-30)
10頭 +F2 5% (DEX1000-30)
10頭 +F3 1% (DEX7000-30)
10頭 +F3 5% (DEX7000-30)
実施例3において、本発明に係るオリゴヌクレオチドの効率は、4人の健康なドナーから得た便スラリーを使用して、pH及び温度が調整されたバッチ培養実験において評価された。この実施例は、前記試験の次の工程を提供し、当該工程は、インビトロでの前記試験基質の選択の効果の評価に関するものであって、前記健康な痩躯ドナーについての実験と、4人の健康な肥満ドナーが使用された点を除いて同一の条件で行われた。本実施例の目的は、肥満ドナーと痩躯ドナーにおける、細菌集団の構成やそれらの集団の代謝活性、並びに選択された基質に対する応答の存在し得る差異を同定することであった。
デキストラン1kDa、デキストラン1kDa+16%α-1,2、デキストラン1kDa+32%α-1,2、デキストラン6kDa、デキストラン6kDa+33%α-1,2、デキストラン70kDa+15%α-1,2、デキストラン70kDa、デキストラン70kDa+37%、α-1,2、及びイヌリンTEX(97%)
16S rRNA分子の特定の領域を標的とし、蛍光色素Cy3で標識した、合成オリゴヌクレオチドプローブを、便中の細菌の計数に利用した。アクチノバクテリア門に属する大半の細菌を計数するために、Bifl64(ビフィドバクテリウム(Bifidobacterium)属)及びAto291(アトポビウム(Atopobium)属)プローブを使用した。
各サンプリング時間で各容器から取得した試料325μlを、1275μlの4%(w/v)パラホルムアルデヒド中で4時間(4℃)固定した。洗浄した細胞を150μlの濾過PBS中に再懸濁し、更なる処理の前に、150μlのエタノール(99%)中、-20℃で、1時間以上再懸濁した。
カエノラブディティス・エレガンス(Caenorhabditis elegans)インビボモデルを使用して、本発明に係るオリゴヌクレオチドの、脂質含量に及ぼす影響が評価された。評価された基質は、TLD-1000(非分岐1kDaデキストラン)及びTLD-1030(1kDaデキストラン+32% α-1,2)であった。TLD-1000は、5つの異なる濃度で評価された(1%、0.5%、0.25%、0.1%、0.05%、0.025%、及び0.01% w/v)。陰性対照(DMSO)及び陽性対照(オルリスタット)も、評価された。各基質は、基質及び濃度あたり、120匹の線虫を用いて、4回アッセイされた。
TLD1000(直鎖1kDaオリゴデキストラン)、TLD1030(1kDa32%分岐オリゴデキストラン)、及びTLD7030(70kDa37%分岐オリゴデキストラン)のカロリー値を、雄鶏(rooster)モデルにおいて決定した。
この試験は、12週間の処理後のマウスにおける、高脂肪給餌で誘導した肥満モデル中の代謝マーカーに対する、本発明に係る化合物の効果を特定することを目的とする。下記データは、体重、体重増加、空腹時血糖、及び処理の6週間後のOGTT(経口グルコース耐性試験)アッセイの結果に対する、前記化合物の効果を示す。本明細書中に記載されるとき、TLD1030は、上記表1に示すように、1kDa+32%分岐オリゴデキストランを指し;TLD1015は、1kDa+16%分岐オリゴデキストランを指し;TLD7030は、70kDa+37%分岐オリゴデキストランを指す。
Claims (41)
- アルファ-(1,2)-分岐アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランを含有する、対象の健康を改善する組成物。
- 前記オリゴデキストランがプレバイオティク化合物(prebiotic compound)である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記オリゴデキストランが、10%以上のアルファ-(1,2)-配糖(osidic)側鎖を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記オリゴデキストランが、アルファ-(1,6)-結合により連結される2個以上のアルファ-D-グルコピラノシル単位を含む実質的に直鎖状の骨格を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記骨格が90%以上のアルファ-(1,6)-Dグルコピラノシド結合を有する、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記骨格の平均分子量が、約0.5kDa〜100kDaである、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記骨格の平均分子量が約10kDa〜70kDaであって、かつ前記オリゴデキストランが約10%〜50%のアルファ-(1,2)-配糖側鎖を含む、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記オリゴデキストランが、10%未満のアルファ-(1,4)-結合を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 対象の健康を改善する方法であって、当該対象の健康に有益な効果を及ぼすのに有効な量の、アルファ-(1,2)-分岐アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランを含有する組成物を、当該対象に投与する工程を含む、前記方法。
- 前記オリゴデキストランがプレバイオティク化合物である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記プレバイオティク化合物が、前記対象の腸内微生物叢に対して有益な効果を提供する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記オリゴデキストランが、10%以上のアルファ-(1,2)-配糖側鎖を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記オリゴデキストランが、アルファ-(1,6)-結合により連結される2個以上のアルファ-D-グルコピラノシル単位を含む実質的に直鎖状の骨格を有する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記骨格が90%以上のアルファ-(1,6)-D-グルコピラノシド結合を有する、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記骨格の平均分子量が、約0.5kDa〜100kDaである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記骨格の平均分子量が約10kDa〜70kDaであって、かつ前記オリゴデキストランが約10%〜50%のアルファ-(1,2)-配糖側鎖を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記オリゴデキストランが、10%未満のアルファ-(1,4)-結合を有する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記有益な効果が、腸の健康、体脂肪率の低下、体重増大の抑制、食物摂取の抑制、血糖反応の低下、グルコース耐性の増大、インスリン分泌の増大、GLP1分泌の増大、代謝症候群の予防又は処置、糖尿病の予防又は処置、及びそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記有益な効果が、短鎖脂肪酸の生産の増大、消化器中のガス生産の減少、小腸の快適性の改善、消化器の機能不全の予防又は処置、有益な細菌の増殖又は活性化の刺激、病原性細菌の増殖の阻害、腹痛の緩和、炎症性腸疾患の予防又は処置、過敏性腸症候群の予防又は処置、鎮痛効果の提供、内臓痛の軽減、及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記有益な効果が、自閉症の予防又は処置、アルツハイマー症の予防又は処置、アレルギーの予防又は処置、関節リウマチの予防又は処置、及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記有益な効果が、コレステロール関連障害の予防又は処置、肥満の予防又は処置、プロピオン酸塩の生産の増大、血中トリグリセリドレベルの低下、脂肪量の低下、低密度リポタンパク質レベルの低下、及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、更に、ラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)、ストレプトコッカス(Streptococcus)、サッカロマイケス(Saccharomyces)、及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択されるプロバイオティク生物(probiotic organism)を含有する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、更に、難消化性マルトデキストリン、難消化性澱粉、ポリデキストロース、可溶性トウモロコシ(グルコ)繊維、イヌリン、フルクト-オリゴ糖類、繊維デキストリン、プルラン、ヘミセルロース、ガラクト-オリゴ糖類、アラビノキシラン-オリゴ糖類、ラクツロース、タガトース、プレバイオティク化合物、及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が食品であって、更に1つ以上の食品成分を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が医薬組成物であって、更に1つ以上の医薬成分を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記有効な量が、1日あたり約0.1g〜約40gを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- サイズ及び分岐度が調整されたオリゴデキストランを製造する方法であって、(1)平均分子量が0.5〜100kDaのアルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランを提供する工程;(2)当該アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランに10%以上のアルファ-(1,2)-配糖側鎖を導入することにより、アルファ-(1,2)-分岐アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランを取得する工程;及び(3)当該アルファ-(1-2)分岐アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランを、任意で精製する工程を含む、前記方法。
- 工程(1)が、(1a)グルコースを含む出発材料を、酵素的トランスグルコシル化反応に付して、イソマルトオリゴ糖類(IMOS)を取得する工程;及び(1b)当該IMOSを、スクロースの存在下でグルカンスクラーゼと反応させることにより、アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランを取得する工程を含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記グルコースを含む出発材料が、デキストラン、澱粉、グルコース蜜、又はマルトース蜜を含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 工程(1a)及び(1b)が一工程で実施される、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 工程(2)が、スクロースの存在下で前記アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランをトランスグルコシダーゼGBD-CD2と反応させて、アルファ-(1-2)分岐アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランを取得することを含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 工程(2)におけるスクロース:アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランの比率が、約0.10〜5.00であって、アルファ-(1,2)結合のパーセンテージが、約10〜50%である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 工程(2)におけるスクロース:アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランの比率が、約0.90〜1.00であって、アルファ-(1,2)結合のパーセンテージが、約30〜40%である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 工程(3)が、アルファ-(1-2)分岐アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランを濾過により精製することを含み、ここで当該精製されたオリゴデキストランの平均分子量が、約0.5〜100kDaである、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 工程(1)が、スクロースをグルカンスクラーゼと反応させることによりアルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランを取得することを含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 工程(1)が、グルコースの存在下で、スクロースをグルカンスクラーゼと反応させることによりアルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランを取得することを含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 工程(1)が、更に、スクロース:グルコースの比率を調整することにより、アルファ-(1,6)オリゴデキストランのDPプロフィールを調整することを含む、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記オリゴデキストランが、対象の大腸全体に到達することが出来る、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物の分子量が大きくなるにつれて、及びアルファ-(1-2)分岐のパーセンテージが大きくなるにつれて、対象の体内での難消化性が増大する、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記有益な効果が、短鎖脂肪酸の生産を増大させることによる、腸内のpHの低下、並びに(i)ミネラル吸収の改善、(ii)骨の健康の改善、又は(iii)骨粗鬆症の予防若しくは処置を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記有益な効果が、対象の体内でのガス生産量及び速度を低下させることにより、鼓脹及び膨満感を低下させることを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
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US10167346B2 (en) | 2019-01-01 |
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WO2010129839A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
WO2010129839A8 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
CN102439048A (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
BRPI1014800A2 (pt) | 2016-04-05 |
IL215936A (en) | 2014-12-31 |
CN102439048B (zh) | 2015-03-25 |
KR20120027314A (ko) | 2012-03-21 |
AU2010245761B2 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
AU2010245761A8 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
MX2011011659A (es) | 2012-02-28 |
KR101783383B1 (ko) | 2017-09-29 |
US20100284972A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
EP2427499A1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
CA2761150A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
JP6144745B2 (ja) | 2017-06-07 |
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BRPI1014800A8 (pt) | 2016-10-11 |
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