JP2015529746A - 樹枝状構造を有するニッケル−コバルト被覆の電着プロセス - Google Patents
樹枝状構造を有するニッケル−コバルト被覆の電着プロセス Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QVCGXRQVUIKNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);dichloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Co]Cl QVCGXRQVUIKNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- HGGYAQHDNDUIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichloronickel;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Ni]Cl HGGYAQHDNDUIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001028048 Nicola Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum-manganese Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WLQXLCXXAPYDIU-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Co+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O WLQXLCXXAPYDIU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/623—Porosity of the layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/001—Magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
Description
−基層特性のレベルと樹枝状結晶の寸法及び形状の両方における、堆積物の厳密な制御
−電解液中及び堆積された被覆中におけるニッケル−コバルトの原子比が類似していることに起因する、異常な堆積の排除
−電流電気化学法に関して90%を超える省エネルギーを得つつ、この種類の樹枝状堆積物を得ること
を可能とする樹枝状堆積物を得るための方法である。
塩化ニッケル水和物0.04M、塩化コバルト水和物0.06M、及びホウ酸0.5Mを含有する水性電解液を調製した。溶液pHは5.5に保った。
ニッケル−コバルト被覆の電着を、1000sの堆積時間で、−3mA/cm2の電流上限値、−20mA/cm2の電流下限値を有する矩形波形カソード電流を印加することにより、実例1に記載された電解液から、AISI304ステンレス鋼基材(1)上に実施した。このようにして得られたニッケル−コバルト被覆(2)は、図1に示されるように、基材(1)との境界面において基層(3)によって支持された、58%のニッケル及び42%のコバルトを含有する樹枝状構造を呈した。
ニッケル−コバルト被覆の電着を、50sのパルス持続時間及び1000sの堆積時間で、−5mA/cm2のカソード電流上限値及び−35mA/cm2のカソード電流下限値を有するカソード電流矩形波を印加することによって、塩化ニッケル水和物0.06M、塩化コバルト水和物0.04M、及びホウ酸0.5Mを含有する電解液から、AISI304ステンレス鋼基材(1)上に実施した。得られた100マイクロメートルの平均厚さを有するニッケル−コバルト被覆(2)は、基材(1)に沿って付着し且つ一様であり、基材(1)との境界面において5マイクロメートルの厚さを有する基層(3)によって支持された樹枝状構造(4)を呈した。ニッケル−コバルト被覆(2)は、60%のニッケル及び40%のコバルトを含有していた。
ニッケル−コバルト被覆の電着を、50sのパルス持続時間及び1000sの堆積時間で、−3mA/cm2のカソード電流上限値及び−20mA/cm2のカソード電流下限値を有するカソード電流矩形波を印加することによって、塩化ニッケル水和物0.01M、塩化コバルト水和物0.09M、及びホウ酸0.5Mを含有する電解液から、AISI304ステンレス鋼基材(1)上に実施した。得られたニッケル−コバルト被覆(2)は、基材(1)に沿って付着し且つ一様であり、100マイクロメートルの平均厚さを有し、図1に従う形態を呈し、5マイクロメートルの厚さを有する基層(3)を有していた。これらの条件では、ニッケル−コバルト被覆(2)は、90%のコバルト及び10%のニッケルを含有していた。
ニッケル−コバルト被覆の電着を、1200sの堆積時間で、100sの持続時間による−3mA/cm2のカソード電流上限値及び50sの持続時間による−20mA/cm2のカソード電流下限値を有するカソード電流矩形波を印加することによって、塩化ニッケル水和物0.03M、塩化コバルト水和物0.07M、及びホウ酸0.5Mを含有する電解液から、AISI304ステンレス鋼基材(1)上に実施した。得られたニッケル−コバルト被覆(2)は、基材(1)に沿って付着し且つ一様であり、80マイクロメートルの平均厚さを有し、図1に従う形態を呈し、5マイクロメートルの厚さを有する基層(3)を有していた。これらの条件では、ニッケル−コバルト被覆(2)は、70%のコバルト及び30%のニッケルを含有していた。
ニッケル−コバルト被覆の電着を、50sのパルス持続時間及び300sの堆積時間で、−5mA/cm2のカソード電流上限値及び−35mA/cm2のカソード電流下限値を有するカソード電流矩形波を印加することによって、塩化ニッケル水和物0.03M、塩化コバルト水和物0.07M、及びホウ酸0.5Mを含有する電解液から、AISI304ステンレス鋼基材(1)上に実施した。得られた20マイクロメートルの平均厚さを有するニッケル−コバルト被覆(2)は、基材(1)に沿って付着し且つ一様であり、図1に図解されるように、基材(1)との境界面において2マイクロメートルの厚さを有する基層(3)によって支持された樹枝状構造(4)を呈した。
Claims (14)
- 塩化ニッケル、塩化コバルト、及びホウ酸を含む電解液を含む従来の電解槽における、基材上へのニッケル−コバルト被覆の電着プロセスであって、前記電解液中に、前記基材であるカソード、及びアノードが浸漬されており、前記カソードと前記アノードとの間にパルス波カソード電流を印加し、
カソード電流上限値が−2から−5mA/cm2の範囲であり、カソード電流下限値が−15から−50mA/cm2の範囲であり、
カソード電流上限及び下限のそれぞれにおけるパルス持続時間が、30から200sの範囲であることを特徴とする電着プロセス。 - 前記電解液中におけるニッケルとコバルトとの間の濃度比が、0.02から2.0の範囲である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記電解液中におけるニッケルとコバルトとの間の前記濃度比が、1.5から2.0の範囲である、請求項2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記電解液中における金属イオンの総濃度が、0.02から2.0Mの範囲である、請求項1から3までのいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記電解液中における金属イオンの前記総濃度が、0.1から0.5Mの範囲である、請求項4に記載のプロセス。
- 前記電解液のpHが、3から7の範囲に保たれる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記電解液の前記pHが、5から6の範囲に保たれる、請求項6に記載のプロセス。
- 各電流限界における前記パルス持続時間が、50から100sの範囲である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記基材上の前記ニッケル−コバルト被覆の堆積時間が、5から20分の範囲である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記カソードがステンレス鋼製である、請求項1から9までのいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項1から10までに記載のプロセスによって得られ、前記基材(1)の境界面において基層(3)によって支持された3次元樹枝状構造(4)を含み、前記基層(3)がニッケル−コバルト被覆の総厚さの5から10%の厚さを有することを特徴とする、ニッケル−コバルト被覆(2)。
- 前記総被覆厚さが、10から100マイクロメートルの範囲である、請求項11に記載の被覆。
- エネルギーの貯蔵及び変換の分野における、請求項11又は12に記載のニッケル−コバルト被覆の使用。
- スーパーキャパシタ用の電極における、請求項13に記載のニッケル−コバルト被覆の使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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US10810731B2 (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2020-10-20 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Information coding in dendritic structures and tags |
US11430233B2 (en) | 2017-06-16 | 2022-08-30 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Polarized scanning of dendritic identifiers |
WO2019210129A1 (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2019-10-31 | Kozicki Michael N | Fabrication of dendritic structures and tags |
CN111074308B (zh) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-03-12 | 福建南平南孚电池有限公司 | 在钢壳的表面上电镀镍钴合金镀层的方法和装置 |
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JP6250663B2 (ja) | 2017-12-20 |
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US20150247252A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
WO2014017937A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
KR20150118080A (ko) | 2015-10-21 |
PT106470A (pt) | 2014-01-27 |
US9476136B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
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