JP2015517011A - 油の処理への高剪断の適用 - Google Patents
油の処理への高剪断の適用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015517011A JP2015517011A JP2015504560A JP2015504560A JP2015517011A JP 2015517011 A JP2015517011 A JP 2015517011A JP 2015504560 A JP2015504560 A JP 2015504560A JP 2015504560 A JP2015504560 A JP 2015504560A JP 2015517011 A JP2015517011 A JP 2015517011A
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- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/233—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/27—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
- B01F27/271—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed radially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
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- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
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- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
- C11B3/14—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation with the use of indifferent gases or vapours, e.g. steam
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Abstract
Description
本明細書には油を処理する方法を開示している。この方法では、少なくとも1つのロータと少なくとも1つの相補的な形をしたステータとを備えガスを液体と混合するように構成した高剪断装置を設け、高剪断装置内で不活性ガス又は反応性ガスであるガスを油と接触させ、溶液または分散液あるいはその混合である生成物を生成する。
本開示では、油を処理する方法を説明する。本開示において油とは、別段の断りがない限り有機油を指す。また、本開示では植物油を有機油の代表として使用している場合が多い。本明細書で植物油について説明した高剪断処理方法とシステムを他の油にも適用できることは当業者であれば容易に認識できることである。参照を容易にするために、本開示でいう「植物油」という用語は、植物油と脂肪の両方を含む。工程の温度を調整して固体状態の植物性脂肪が液体状態の植物油の形態となるようにすることによって、植物油(液体)を処理する方法を植物性脂肪(固体)の処理にも適用できることは、当業者であれば容易に理解できることである。
実施例によっては、高剪断を与えると(与えない場合と比較して)油をガスで過飽和させることができるようになり、安定した溶液が生成する。本願でいう過飽和とは、溶液(溶媒)に含まれる溶質の量が、同じ条件で比較した時に、平衡状態での溶質の量よりも多いことを意味する。超過した溶質の割合は、溶液の過飽和度の尺度となる。
実施例において、上記のガスは、窒素、二酸化炭素、水素、硫化水素、希ガス、その組み合わせ、からなる群から選択する。
本開示において、油には植物油が含まれる。植物油には、大豆油、ヒマワリ油、ヤシ油、コーン油、綿実油、オリーブ油、パーム油、ピーナッツ油(落花生油)、菜種油(キャノーラ油を含む)、ベニバナ油、ゴマ油、ヘーゼルナッツ油、アーモンド油、カシュー油、マカダミア油、モンゴンゴ油(マンケッティ油)、ペカン油、ピスタチオ油、サチャインチ(プルケネティア・ボルビリス)油、クルミ油、スイカ実油、ヒョウタン実油、バッファローカボチャ油、バターカボチャ種子油、カボチャ実油が含まれる。
高剪断ミキサや高剪断ミルなどの高剪断装置(HSD)は、一般的にその流体を混合する性能によっていくつかの種類に分類される。混合とは流体中の不均質な種ないし粒子のサイズを減少させる過程である。混合の程度又は完璧さの尺度としては、混合装置が流体を分断させるために発生させる単位体積当たりのエネルギー密度がある。それぞれの種類は、与えることのできるエネルギー密度に基づいて区別される。粒子や気泡の径が一貫して約0.001μmから約50μmの範囲である分散液を作り出すのに十分なエネルギー密度を有する工業用ミキサは三種類ある。
図2Aに例示する実施例では、高剪断装置(HSD)内で油とガスを混合し、油・ガスの分散液/溶液を生成する。実施例によっては、この油・ガス分散液/溶液が図5A〜図5Cに示すように直径約50μm未満の気泡を含んだものとなるようにする。また実施例によっては、油・ガスの分散液/溶液は、図5A〜図5Cに示すように直径約20μm未満の気泡を含むようにする。また実施例によっては、油・ガスの分散液/溶液が図5A〜図5Cに示すように直径約10μm未満の気泡を含むようにする。また実施例によっては、油・ガスの分散液/溶液が図5A〜図5Cに示すように直径約5μm未満の気泡を含む。実施例によっては、油・ガスの分散液/溶液が図5A〜図5Cに示すように直径約2μm未満の気泡を含むようにする。種々の実施例で、油・ガスの分散液/溶液はガスのナノバブルを含むようにする。本明細書で用いている「ナノバブル」とは、直径がサブナノメートルから1000ナノメートルの範囲である気泡を指す。実施例によっては、剪断装置で気泡の平均サイズが直径約5μm未満であるような分散液/溶液を生成する。実施例によっては、生成される分散液/溶液中の気泡の直径がサブミクロンとなるようにする。実施例によっては、気泡の平均サイズは直径で約0.1μmから約5μmとなるようにする。実施例によっては、剪断装置で気泡の平均サイズが直径400nm未満であるような分散液/溶液を生成する。実施例によっては、剪断装置で気泡の平均サイズが直径100nm未満であるような分散液/溶液を生成する。
場合によっては、油に対するガスの安定化効果を更に強化するために2つ以上の高剪断装置を使用する。その動作は、バッチモードでも連続モードでも良い。場合によっては、高剪断処理システムは、複数の高剪断装置を配置する実装の利益を引き出せるよう構成と工程フローを変更する。
実施例によっては、高剪断処理方法とシステムは、油を製造する既存の方法やシステムと統合することができる。
各種実施例では、高剪断工程によって、油の安定性が増加し、酸化を遅延あるいは防止し、油に含まれるオメガ3脂肪酸などの貴重な化合物を保護する。
全ての油脂は酸化する傾向がある。酸化の速度は、不飽和度と、酸化防止剤の存在と、それまでの貯蔵状態とによって決まる。油安定指数(Oil Stability Index/OSI)は、油脂試料の酸化に対する相対的な耐性を判定するための、アメリカ油化学会(AOCS)が認可した方法である。これは過酸化物価の測定に基づいて油脂の誘導時間を判定していた旧式のAOM(活性酸素法)に代わるものである。
Claims (15)
- 油を製造する方法であって、
少なくとも1つのロータと少なくとも1つの相補形状のステータとを備えガスを液体と混合するように構成した高剪断装置を設ける過程と、
高剪断装置内で不活性または反応性のガスを油と接触させる過程と、
溶液または分散液あるいはその混合である生成物を生成する過程とを含む方法。 - 請求項1の方法であって、溶液がガスで飽和あるいは過飽和しており、必要に応じて溶液がガスで5%以上過飽和する方法。
- 請求項1又は請求項2の方法であって、分散液が平均直径50μm未満の気泡を含むようにした方法。
- 請求項1から請求項3のいずれかの方法であって、ガスが、窒素、希ガス、二酸化炭素、水素、硫化水素のいずれかを含む方法。
- 請求項1から請求項4のいずれかの方法であって、油が植物油を含み、さらに必要に応じて食用油又は非食用油、必要に応じて大豆油、必要に応じてオーストリッチ油を含む方法。
- 請求項1から請求項5のいずれかの方法であって、前記の油が、大豆油、ヒマワリ油、ヤシ油、コーン油、綿実油、オリーブ油、パーム油、ピーナッツ油(落花生油)、菜種油(キャノーラ油を含む)、ベニバナ油、ゴマ油、ヘーゼルナッツ油、アーモンド油、カシュー油、マカダミア油、モンゴンゴ油(マンケッティ油)、ペカン油、ピスタチオ油、サチャインチ(プルケティアボルビリス)油、クルミ油、スイカ実油、ヒョウタン実油、バッファローカボチャ油、バターカボチャ種子油、カボチャ実油、アサイー油、カシス種子油、ルリジサ種子油、月見草油、イナゴマメ種子鞘、アマランサス油、杏仁油、リンゴ種子油、アルガン油、アーティチョーク油、アボカド油、ババス油、ベン油、ボルネオ脂、ケープチェストナッツ油(ヤング油)、イナゴマメ鞘油(アルガロバ油)、カッシア油、ココアバター、オナモミ油、コフネヤシ油、コリアンダー種油、ディカ油、アマナズナ油、亜麻仁油、ブドウ種子油、大麻油、カポック実油、ケナフ種子油、ラッレマンチア油、マルーラ油、メドウフォーム油、カラシ油、ナツメグバター、オクラ種子油、パパイヤ種子油、シソ種子油、ペクイ油、松の実油、プルーン核油、キヌア油、ニガー種子油、米糠油、ロイル油、茶実油(ツバキ油)、アザミ油、タイガーナッツ油(又はハマスゲ油)、トマト種子油、小麦胚芽油、ヒマシ油、ヤシ油(コプラ油)、コーン油、綿実油、アマナズナ油、大麻油、カラシ油、パーム油、ピーナッツ油、ダイコン油、菜種油、ニガー種子油、米糠油、ベニバナ油、アッケシソウ油、タイガーナッツ油、キリ油、藻油、コパイバ油、ホンジュ油、ナンヨウアブラギリ油、ホホバ油、ミルクブッシュ油、石油ナット油、クルミ油、ダンマル油、亜麻仁油、ケシ油、烏臼油(ナンキンハゼ油)、ベルノニア油、レモン油、オレンジ油、グレープフルーツ種子油、キハダ油、バラノス油、ブラダーポッド油、ニガキモドキ油、バードック油(イガ油)、キャンドルナット油、ニンジン種子油、ヒマシ油、大風子油、ハマナ油、クフェア油、イリッペ脂、ホホバ油、マンゴー油、モーラバター、ニーム油、オジョン油、ローズヒップ種子油、ゴム種子油、シーバックソーン油、シアバター、スノーボール種子油(ガマズミ油)、トール油、タマヌ油、トンカビーン油(クマル油)、これらの組み合わせ、からなる群から選択した方法。
- 請求項1から請求項6のいずれかの方法と既存の油処理方法をあわせて用いる油の製造方法。
- 請求項7の方法であって、油の精製と脱色の間に請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の方法を適用し、油の脱臭後に必要に応じて請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の方法を必要に応じて2回以上適用する方法。
- 油処理用の高剪断システムであって、
供給口と少なくとも1つのロータと少なくとも1つの相補的な形をしたステータとを備えガスを液体と混合するように構成した少なくとも1つの高剪断装置と、
供給口と流体が通過できるよう接続したガスの供給源と、
供給口と流体が通過できるよう接続した油の供給源と、
高剪断装置の上流に設置して供給口と油の供給源とに流体が通過できるよう接続したポンプとを含むシステム。 - 請求項9のシステムであって、ガスの供給源が、窒素、希ガス、二酸化炭素、水素又は硫化水素を供給するように構成したシステム。
- 請求項9又は請求項10のシステムであって、さらに熱交換器を少なくとも1つ設けて油を予熱するように構成したシステム。
- 請求項9から請求項11のいずれかのシステムであって、油の中にガスを含んだ溶液または分散液あるいはその混合である生成物を高剪断装置で生成するよう構成したシステム。
- 請求項9から請求項12のいずれかのシステムであって、さらに搾油ユニット、脱ガムユニット、中和ユニット、脱色ユニット、水素添加ユニット、脱臭ユニット、蒸気精製ユニットのいずれかを備えたシステム。
- 請求項9から請求項13のいずれかのシステムであって、高剪断装置が剪断間隙によって隔てられた歯付のロータ・ステータを備えたものであり、必要に応じて剪断間隙幅を10.0μmから10.0mmとし、必要に応じて高剪断装置で20,000s-1を超える剪断速度を生成するようにしたシステム。
- 請求項9から請求項14のいずれかに記載のシステムと既存の油処理システムとをあわせて備えたシステム。
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IN2014DN08428A (ja) | 2015-05-08 |
EP2834333A4 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
MX2014011982A (es) | 2015-03-13 |
EA029545B1 (ru) | 2018-04-30 |
CN104271719A (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
WO2013151652A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
EP2834333A1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
US20130266703A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
EA201491743A1 (ru) | 2015-06-30 |
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