JP5227398B2 - トリグリセリドから脂肪酸及びワックス代替物を生成するシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
トリグリセリドから脂肪酸及びワックス代替物を生成するシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5227398B2 JP5227398B2 JP2010511433A JP2010511433A JP5227398B2 JP 5227398 B2 JP5227398 B2 JP 5227398B2 JP 2010511433 A JP2010511433 A JP 2010511433A JP 2010511433 A JP2010511433 A JP 2010511433A JP 5227398 B2 JP5227398 B2 JP 5227398B2
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- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
該当なし。
本明細書においては、トリグリセリド油を処理して安定した脂肪酸を生成し、増強された植物油ワックス生成用の改質剤として有用な塔底残渣(以下、BCR‐塔底架橋残渣と呼ぶ)を創出するシステム及び方法を開示し得る。
本開示のシステム及び方法は、主に熱及び真空を利用して脂肪酸を分解(split)及び分離(separate)し、続いて分留して種々の鎖長の成分を単離する。図1は本開示の一実施形態に係る脂肪酸生成及び架橋システム100のプロセスフロー図である。代表的なシステム100の基本構成要素には、反応器60、凝縮装置110、及び真空ポンプ180を含む。反応器60は加熱装置80を備えており、それは、例えば、内部熱交換器、加熱マントル、又は反応器60の内容物を加熱するように構成された他の既知の加熱装置であり得る。各種実施形態では、反応器60はバッチ反応器として操作され、液体入口又は液体出口を備えない。その他の実施形態では、システム100は連続操作するように設計され、反応器60は、トリグリセリドを反応器60内に導入するための入口ライン45と反応器60から塔底生成物を除去するための出口ライン90とに接続されている。揮発脂肪酸を含んだ生成物ガスを反応器60から抽出するのに、出口ライン70が使用され得る。その他の実施形態では、図2の実施形態に示すように、反応器360はガス出口ラインに流体接続されていない。反応器60内に不活性ガスを導入するために、入口ライン50が使用され得る。
高せん断装置又は高せん断混合装置と呼ばれることもある外部高せん断混合装置(HSD)40は、水素化すべき油と、分子状水素とを含んだライン13を介して入口流を受け取るように構成されている。或いは、HSD40は別個の入口ライン(図示せず)を介して液状又は気体状の反応物流を受け取るように構成されてもよい。図1には高せん断装置を1つだけ示しているが、該システムのいくつかの実施形態は直流又は並流で配置された2以上の高せん断混合装置を有してもよいことを理解されたい。HSD40は各々、固定子と回転子との間にギャップを有する回転子/固定子の組み合わせを備えた1以上の発生器を使用する機械式装置である。各発生器セットにおける回転子と固定子との間のギャップは、固定でも調整可能でもよい。HSD40は、高せん断装置を流れる反応混合物中にサブミクロン及びミクロンサイズの気泡を発生させるように構成されている。該高せん断装置は反応混合物の圧力及び温度を制御することができるようにエンクロージャ又はハウジングを備える。
容器又は反応器10は水素化が伝搬し得る任意のタイプの容器である。例えば、連続又は半連続攪拌式の反応器又は1以上のバッチ反応器が直列又は並列で使用され得る。ある用途では、容器10は塔型反応器であってもよく、他の用途では、管式反応器又は多管式反応器であってもよい。任意の数の反応器入口ラインが想起されるが、図1には1つを示す(ライン18)。入口ライン(図1には図示せず)を用いて触媒又は触媒スラリーを容器10内に導入し得る。ある種の実施形態では、容器10は通気ガス用の出口ライン17と水素化物流用の生成物出口ライン16とを備えてもよい。各種実施形態では、容器10は複数の反応器生成物ライン16を備える。
図1に示した実施形態の変形例では、容器10の上記の加熱/冷却能力に加えて、ヒータ35(図2の335)及び反応器60(図2の360)、プロセス流を加熱又は冷却するその他の外部又は内部伝熱装置も意図される。例えば、当業者に知られた既知の方法により、熱が容器10に加えられてもよいし、容器10から熱が除去されてもよい。外部加熱及び/又は冷却伝熱装置の使用も意図される。そのような1以上の伝熱装置に適したいくつかの場所は、ポンプ5とHSD40との間、HSD40と容器10との間、及び(高せん断水素化が複数回通過(multi‐pass)モードで操作されるときには)容器10とポンプ5との間である。そういった伝熱装置の非限定例のいくつかには、当業界では知られているように、シェル型、チューブ型、平板型、及びコイル型熱交換器がある。
真空ポンプ180(図1)及び370(図2)は、反応器60又はWFE400それぞれに所望の真空をもたらすのに適した任意のポンプである。各種実施形態では、真空ポンプ180(370)は反応器60(WFE400)に1kPaから50kPaの範囲の真空をもたらすことができる。
ここで図1を参照してトリグリセリドから脂肪酸及びワックス代替物を生成する方法を説明する。トリグリセリドを含む原料がポンプ25によりライン15から反応器60に圧送され得る。ヒータ35を用いてトリグリセリドを含む供給流を予熱し得る。
ライン115内の脂肪酸生成物は、6から20の間の炭素数分布を有し得る。各種実施形態では、炭素数は8個から16個の間である。各種実施形態では、該脂肪酸凝縮物は、狭い(narrow)炭素数の生成物を生じるために、例えば熱及び真空を用いて分留される。したがって、各種実施形態では、本発明のプロセスは、当業者には知られているように、遊離脂肪酸を炭素数によって規定される留分に分離するステップを更に含む。例を挙げると、一般的な分離方法には遠心分離、蒸留、及び沈殿がある。例えば、図1に示すように、アキュムレータ130はライン140を介して精留塔150に流体接続されている。精留塔150を加熱し脂肪酸を分留するために、熱交換器160が用いられる。精留塔150内の温度未満で沸騰する脂肪酸はガスとしてライン155内を出て、脂肪酸が残っている液体はライン170を介して除去され得る。精留塔150は、例えば蒸留塔であってもよい。
本明細書においては、反応器60又はWFE400において真空ストリッピングされない残留材料を「塔底物」、「塔底架橋残渣」又はBCRと呼ぶ。各種実施形態では、塔底架橋残渣にはモノ、ジ、トリ、テトラ、又はペンタグリセリド及び/又はエステルが含まれる。遊離脂肪酸基の架橋により、脂肪酸の二量体又は三量体が存在してもよい。BCRは約110未満のヨウ素価を有し得る。各種実施形態では、BCRのヨウ素価は約50未満であり、その他の実施形態では、約10未満である。
水素化を促進するのに触媒を用いる場合、触媒はスラリー又は触媒流として容器10内に導入され得る。或いは、又は付加的に、触媒はどこか他の場所で加えられてもよい。例えば、各種実施形態では、触媒スラリーはライン21内に直接注入されてもよい。各種実施形態では、容器/反応器10は、当業者には知られている水素化に適した任意の触媒を含む。各種実施形態では、ニッケル水素化触媒が使用される。
各種実施形態では、本開示のシステム及び方法により生成された脂肪酸及び「塔底物」は、その中の不飽和度が低減されているので、従来式で得られる生成物よりも安定している。各種実施形態では、本開示の方法により得られるストリッピングされた脂肪酸は、従来のトリグリセリド加水分解により得られる脂肪酸よりも生成物の外観が優れている。ガードナーカラースケール(ASTM試験法D1544)で測定すると、該ストリッピングされた脂肪酸は淡色になり得る。各種実施形態では、該ストリッピングされた脂肪酸は実質的に無色である。各種実施形態では、開示の方法により得られるストリッピングされた脂肪酸は、ヨウ素価により測定すると従来のトリグリセリド加水分解により得られる脂肪酸よりも安定性が優れており、それに相応して、脂肪酸中の不飽和度も小さくなる。
反応器60と、凝縮装置110と、アキュムレータ130と、真空ポンプ180とを備えた図1に示すようなシステムを用いて、非水素化大豆油から脂肪酸を生成した。反応器60は攪拌器付きの球形の12L/3口ガラスフラスコとした。攪拌器は磁気攪拌子(3インチ×3/4インチ)とし、これを用いて、反応及び冷却中に反応器フラスコ60の内容物を混合した。フラスコ反応器60をバッチモード(この実施形態では液体ライン90はない)で操作し、加熱装置80は反応器フラスコ60本体周囲に位置決めした加熱マントルとした。
実施例1からのBCRをRBD(精製、漂白、脱臭)大豆油と塔底架橋残渣と水素化物が様々な比率で混合した。この増強された水素化ワックス生成物の特性を調べた。純度99.9%(+)(Standard:IS:HY200)の精製等級(Purified Grade)IIの複数の水素ガスをエアガス コーポレーション(Airgas Corp)から入手した。パイプラインを介して圧力開放弁に水素を供給して、オートクレーブでコイル(coil)して油に混合した。
Claims (18)
- 揮発脂肪酸及び水素化物を生成する方法であって、
少なくとも1つの油脂を含む原料を反応器内で不活性真空下で加熱して脂肪酸を揮発させること;
架橋された油を含む塔底残渣から揮発脂肪酸を除去すること;及び
前記塔底残渣を水素化して水素化物を生成すること
を含み、前記塔底残渣を水素化することは水素含有ガスと前記塔底残渣を含む液相とを高せん断装置において接触させて分散物を形成することを含み、前記高せん断装置は少なくとも1つの回転子を備え、該少なくとも1つの回転子は前記分散物の形成中に少なくとも22.9m/秒(4,500フィート/分)の先端速度で回転される方法。 - 前記原料が、バター脂、カカオ脂、カカオ代用脂、イリッペ脂、コクム脂、乳脂、モーラー脂、フルワラ脂、サル脂、シア脂、ボルネオ脂、豚脂、羊毛脂、牛脂、羊脂、その他の獣脂、キャノーラ油、ヒマシ油、ヤシ油、コリアンダー油、トウモロコシ油、綿実油、ヘーゼルナッツ油、麻実油、亜麻仁油、マンゴー核油、メドウフォーム油、牛脚油、オリーブ油、パーム油、パーム核油、パームオレイン、パームステアリン、パーム核オレイン、パーム核ステアリン、落花生油、菜種油、米ぬか油、ベニバナ油、サザンカ油、大豆油、ヒマワリ種子油、トール油、椿油、植物油、魚油、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される請求項1の方法。
- 前記原料が70を超えるヨウ素価を有する請求項1の方法。
- 加熱中に前記原料を架橋用触媒と接触させることを含む請求項1の方法。
- 加熱は200℃〜600℃の範囲の温度までであり、前記真空は1.0kPa〜50kPaの範囲である請求項1の方法。
- 前記揮発した脂肪酸を凝縮させて脂肪酸凝縮物を得ることを含む請求項1の方法。
- 前記反応器内に水を導入して加水分解を促進することを含む請求項1の方法。
- 前記脂肪酸を分留することを含む請求項1の方法。
- 水素化前に、前記塔底残渣を0重量%〜99重量%の基油と混合する請求項1の方法。
- 前記塔底残渣の水素化は、塔底残渣と水素ガスとを含んだ混合物を20,000/秒を超えるせん断速度に供することを含む請求項1の方法。
- 前記分散物は、塔底残渣を含んだ液相に分散された水素含有気泡を含み、前記気泡は5.0μm未満の平均直径を有する請求項1の方法。
- 前記原料は少なくとも1つの抗酸化剤を含む請求項1の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの抗酸化剤は、パルミチン酸アスコルビル、トコフェロール、ブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン(BHT)、ブチル化ヒドロキシアニソール(BHA)、t−ブチルヒドロキノン(TBHQ)、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)、没食子酸エステル、クエン酸、クエン酸エステル、グアヤクガム、ノルジヒドログアイアレチン酸(NDGA)、チオジプロピオン酸、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸エステル、酒石酸、レシチン、メチルシリコーン、ポリマー酸化防止剤、植物抽出物、又はこれらの混合物を含む請求項12の方法。
- 請求項1の方法に従って生成された水素化物。
- 石油ワックスと請求項1の方法に従って生成された水素化物とを含むブレンドワックス。
- トリグリセリドから脂肪酸を揮散させる装置であって、
トリグリセリドを含んだ流れ用の入口と、揮発脂肪酸用の出口と、塔底残渣用の出口とを備える反応器;
前記反応器の内容物を200℃〜600℃の範囲の温度まで加熱し得る加熱装置;
1kPa〜50kPの範囲の真空を前記反応器にもたらすことができる真空ポンプ;及び
せん断ギャップによって分離された少なくとも1つの回転子と少なくとも1つの固定子とを含む少なくとも1つの高せん断装置
を備え、前記せん断ギャップは前記少なくとも1つの回転子と前記少なくとも1つの固定子との間の最小距離であり、前記高せん断装置は22.9m/s(4,500フィート/分)超の少なくとも1つの回転子の先端速度を発生させることができ、前記高せん断装置の入口は前記反応器の塔底残渣用出口に流体接続されている装置。 - 脂肪酸を分留するように構成された精留塔を備える請求項16の装置。
- 前記高せん断装置の下流に水素化反応器を備える請求項16の装置。
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CA2786728A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
CA2677221A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
BRPI0807782A2 (pt) | 2014-06-17 |
CN101646644A (zh) | 2010-02-10 |
US8026380B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 |
US20110213040A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
CA2677221C (en) | 2013-05-28 |
CA2786728C (en) | 2015-01-20 |
US20090036694A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
US8178705B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
US20120258017A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
WO2009017909A2 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
EP2170800A4 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
WO2009017909A3 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
EP2170800A2 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
JP2010529266A (ja) | 2010-08-26 |
MY142990A (en) | 2011-02-14 |
US8491856B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 |
BRPI0807782B1 (pt) | 2017-10-10 |
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