JP2015510681A - 半径方向接合型半導体ナノ構造体を低温で製造する方法、半径方向接合型デバイス、及び半径方向接合型ナノ構造体を含む太陽電池 - Google Patents
半径方向接合型半導体ナノ構造体を低温で製造する方法、半径方向接合型デバイス、及び半径方向接合型ナノ構造体を含む太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
a)第1の半導体材料に第1のドーピング型を電子的にドープすることができる金属集合体を基板上に形成するステップと、
b)金属集合体で覆われた基板上の第1の半導体材料のドープ半導体ナノワイヤを気相成長させるステップであって、基板は、金属集合体の共融温度と同じか又はそれ以上に加熱され、ドープ半導体ナノワイヤの気相成長は、第1の半導体材料である1つ又はそれ以上の前駆ガスの存在下で金属集合体によって触媒作用が及ぼされ、1つ又は複数の前駆ガスは非ドーパントガスであるステップと、
c)残留金属集合体を不活性化するステップと、
d)1つ又は複数の前駆ガス及び1つのドーパントガスの存在下で、ドープ半導体ナノワイヤ上に第2の半導体材料の少なくとも1つの薄層の化学的蒸着を行うステップであって、ドーパントガスは、第2のドーピング型を第2の半導体材料に電子的にドープすることができ、第2の半導体材料の少なくとも1つの薄層は、ドープ半導体ナノワイヤ上に共形蒸着されて、第1のドーピング型がドープされた半導体ナノワイヤと、第2のドーピング型がドープされた少なくとも1つの薄層との間に少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型ナノ構造体を形成するステップと、
を含み、
−a)金属集合体を形成するステップ、b)ドープ半導体ナノワイヤを成長させるステップ、c)金属集合体を不活性化するステップ、及びd)化学的蒸着を行うステップは、同じ真空蒸着チャンバ内で連続して行われる。
1つ又は複数の前駆ガスの存在下で、ドープ半導体ナノワイヤ上に共形に第3の非ドープ(又は真性)半導体材料の他の薄層の化学的蒸着を行うステップを含み、ドープ半導体ナノワイヤはP−ドープであり、第2の半導体材料の少なくとも1つの薄層はn−ドープであり、p−i−n半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を形成するようになっており、又はドープ半導体ナノワイヤのそれぞれはn−ドープであり、第2の半導体材料の少なくとも1つの薄層はp−ドープであり、n−i−p半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を形成するようになっている。
−c)残留金属集合体を不活性化するステップは、温度を金属集合体の共融温度以下に降下させるステップ、及び/又は化学的蒸着エッチングを行うステップ、及び/又は水素還元プラズマを適用するステップを含み、
−d)第2のドープ半導体材料の少なくとも1つの薄層の化学蒸着を行うステップは、第2の半導体材料の前駆ガス及びドーパントガスから成るガス混合物の存在下で、化学的蒸着又はプラズマ化学気相蒸着を行うステップを含み、
−第1の半導体材料、第2の半導体材料、及び/又は第3の半導体材料をシリコン及びゲルマニウムの中から選択し、
−第1の半導体材料はp−ドープ結晶シリコンであり、第2の半導体材料はn−ドープアモルファスシリコンであり、及び/又は第3の半導体材料は真性アモルファスシリコンであり、
−a)金属集合体を形成するステップは、ビスマス、ガリウム、又は錫と、ビスマス、インジウム、及びガリウムから選択された材料との合金から構成される集合体を形成するステップを含み、
ビスマス及びビスマスと錫の合金は、シリコン内にn−型電子的ドーピングをもたらすことができ、ガリウム及び、錫とガリウム又はインジウムの合金は、シリコン内にp−型電子的ドーピングをもたらすことができる。
−ステップa)、b)、c)、及びd)の間の基板温度は400℃を下回ったままであり、
−基板は、凹凸のない金属基板、結晶又は多結晶シリコン、ガラス、ポリマー又はプラスチック製である。
e)半導体材料の複数の薄層の少なくとも1つの他のスタックの蒸着を行うステップであって、各薄層の少なくとも1つの他のスタックは、少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体の上に共形で蒸着され、それぞれのドーピングを有する複数の薄層は、少なくとも1つの複式半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体(タンデムセル)を形成するようになっている。
詳細には、以下に説明するように、金属触媒反応によるシリコンナノワイヤ成長によって、下層のドープ層のドーパントガスによる真性半導体材料層の汚染問題を解決することができる。
Claims (16)
- 低い温度で基板(1)上に少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を製作する方法であって、本方法は、
a)第1の半導体材料に第1のドーピング型を電子的にドープすることができる金属集合体を前記基板(1)上に形成するステップと、
b)金属集合体で覆われた前記基板(1)上の前記第1の半導体材料のドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)を気相成長させるステップであって、前記基板(1)は、前記金属集合体の共融温度と同じか又はそれ以上に加熱され、前記ドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)の気相成長は、前記第1の半導体材料である1つ又はそれ以上の前駆ガスの存在下で前記金属集合体によって触媒作用が及ぼされ、前記1つ又は複数の前駆ガスは非ドーパントガスであるステップと、
c)前記残留金属集合体を不活性化するステップと、
d)1つ又は複数の前駆ガス及び1つのドーパントガスの存在下で、前記ドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)上に第2の半導体材料の少なくとも1つの薄層(4)の化学的蒸着を行うステップであって、ドーパントガスは、第2のドーピング型を前記第2の半導体材料に電子的にドープすることができ、第2の半導体材料の前記少なくとも1つの薄層(4)は、ドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)上に共形蒸着されて、第1のドーピング型がドープされた前記半導体ナノワイヤ(2)と、第2のドーピング型がドープされた前記少なくとも1つの薄層(4)との間に少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型ナノ構造体を形成するステップと、
を含み、
a)金属集合体を形成するステップ、b)ドープ半導体ナノワイヤを成長させるステップ、c)金属集合体を不活性化するステップ、及びd)化学的蒸着を行うステップは、同じ真空蒸着チャンバ内で連続して行われる、少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を製作する方法。 - c)残留金属集合体を不活性化するステップとd)第2のドープ半導体材料の少なくとも1つの薄層の化学的蒸着を行うステップとの間に中間のステップを含み、前記中間ステップは、1つ又は複数の前駆ガスの存在下で、ドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)上に共形に第3の真性半導体材料の他の薄層(3)の化学的蒸着を行うステップを含み、前記ドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)はp−ドープであり、前記第2の半導体材料の少なくとも1つの薄層(4)はn−ドープであり、p−i−n半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を形成するようになっており、又は前記ドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)のそれぞれはn−ドープであり、前記第2の半導体材料の少なくとも1つの薄層(4)はp−ドープであり、n−i−p半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を形成するようになっている、請求項1に記載の少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を製作する方法。
- c)残留金属集合体を不活性化するステップは、温度を金属集合体の共融温度以下に降下させるステップ、及び/又は化学的蒸着エッチングを行うステップ、及び/又は水素還元プラズマを適用するステップを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を製作する方法。
- d)第2のドープ半導体材料の少なくとも1つの薄層(4)の化学蒸着を行うステップは、第2の半導体材料の前駆ガス及びドーパントガスから成るガス混合物の存在下で、化学的蒸着又はプラズマ化学気相蒸着を行うステップを含む、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を製作する方法。
- 前記第1の半導体材料、前記第2の半導体材料、及び/又は前記第3の半導体材料をシリコン及びゲルマニウムの中から選択する、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を製作する方法。
- 前記第1の半導体材料はp−ドープ結晶シリコンであり、前記第2の半導体材料はn−ドープアモルファスシリコンであり、及び/又は前記第3の半導体材料は真性アモルファスシリコンである、請求項5に記載の少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を製作する方法。
- a)金属集合体を形成するステップは、ビスマス、ガリウム、又は錫と、ビスマス、インジウム及びガリウムから選択された材料との合金からなる集合体を形成するステップを含み、ビスマス及びビスマスと錫の合金は、シリコン内にn−型電子的ドーピングをもたらすことができ、ガリウム、及び錫とガリウム又はインジウムとの合金は、シリコン内にp−型電子的ドーピングをもたらすことができる、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を製作する方法。
- 第3の真性半導体材料の薄層(3)はアモルファスシリコンを含み、本方法は、c)残留金属集合体を不活性化するステップの後で、真性アモルファスシリコンの薄層(3)を蒸着するステップの前に追加のステップを含み、該追加のステップは、ドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)と同じドーピング型の半導体材料のアモルファス薄層の1つ又は複数の前駆ガスの存在下で、ドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)上に共形に化学的蒸着を行うステップを含む、請求項2から6のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を製作する方法。
- ステップd)の後に少なくとも1つの、e)半導体材料の複数の薄層の少なくとも1つの他のスタックの蒸着を行うステップであって、各薄層の前記少なくとも1つの他のスタックは、前記少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体の上に共形で蒸着され、それぞれのドーピングを有する前記複数の薄層は、少なくとも1つの複式半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を形成するようになっている、追加のステップを含む、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を製作する方法。
- ステップa)、b)、c)、及びd)の間の基板温度は400℃を下回ったままである、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を製作する方法。
- 前記基板は、凹凸のない金属基板、結晶又は多結晶シリコン、ガラス、ポリマー又はプラスチックで作られている、請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を製作する方法。
- 基板(1)と、
前記基板から延び、第1のドーピング型がドープされた第1の半導体材料で作られた少なくとも1つのドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)と、
第2のドーピング型の第2の半導体材料の少なくとも1つの薄層(4)を備え、
第2の半導体材料の前記少なくとも1つの薄層(4)は、前記少なくとも1つのドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)の上に共形に蒸着されて、前記ドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)と第2のドープ半導体材料の前記少なくとも1つの薄層(4)との間に少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を形成する
半径方向電子接合デバイス。 - 前記少なくとも1つのドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)上に共形に、及び第2の半導体材料の前記少なくとも1つの薄層の下に蒸着された第3の真性半導体材料の他の薄層(3)をさらに含み、前記少なくとも1つのドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)はp−ドープされ、第2の半導体材料の前記少なくとも1つの薄層(4)はn−ドープされて、少なくとも1つのp−i−n半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を形成するか、又はそれぞれ、前記少なくとも1つのドープ半導体ナノワイヤ(2)はn−ドープされ、第2の半導体材料の前記少なくとも1つの薄層(4)はp−ドープされて、少なくとも1つのn−i−p半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を形成するようになっている、請求項12に記載の半径方向電子接合デバイス。
- 複数の半導体薄層の少なくとも1つの他のスタックをさらに含み、各薄層の前記少なくとも1つの他のスタックは、前記少なくとも1つの半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体の上に共形に蒸着され、それぞれのドーピングを有する前記複数の半導体薄層は、少なくとも1つの複式半径方向電子接合型半導体ナノ構造体を形成するようになっている、請求項12又は13に記載の半径方向電子接合デバイス。
- 前記少なくとも1つのドープ半導体ナノ構造体は、少なくとも1つのシリコン−ドープナノワイヤ(2)を含む、請求項12から14のいずれかに記載の半径方向電子接合デバイス。
- 請求項12から15のいずれかに記載の複数の半径方向電子接合型ナノ構造体を備えた太陽電池。
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PCT/FR2013/050005 WO2013102731A2 (fr) | 2012-01-04 | 2013-01-03 | Procédé de production à basse température de nanostructures semi-conductrices à jonction radiale, dispositif a jonction radiale et cellule solaire comprenant des nanostructures à jonction radiale |
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CN104221126B (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
FR2985368B1 (fr) | 2015-05-22 |
EP2801113B1 (fr) | 2016-03-30 |
FR2985368A1 (fr) | 2013-07-05 |
WO2013102731A3 (fr) | 2014-02-20 |
MX2014008207A (es) | 2014-09-22 |
AU2013207143B2 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
CN104221126A (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
US20150000730A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
US9911892B2 (en) | 2018-03-06 |
WO2013102731A2 (fr) | 2013-07-11 |
KR20140110911A (ko) | 2014-09-17 |
ZA201404914B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
AU2013207143A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
EP2801113A2 (fr) | 2014-11-12 |
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