JP2015509722A - (d)−2−ヒドロキシグルタル酸(d2hg)又は(d)−2−ヒドロキシアジピン酸を測定する手段及び方法 - Google Patents
(d)−2−ヒドロキシグルタル酸(d2hg)又は(d)−2−ヒドロキシアジピン酸を測定する手段及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015509722A JP2015509722A JP2014559244A JP2014559244A JP2015509722A JP 2015509722 A JP2015509722 A JP 2015509722A JP 2014559244 A JP2014559244 A JP 2014559244A JP 2014559244 A JP2014559244 A JP 2014559244A JP 2015509722 A JP2015509722 A JP 2015509722A
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Abstract
Description
a)サンプルを、
(i)溶媒と、
(ii)酸化状態及び前記酸化状態と区別可能である還元状態を有し、当初は酸化状態で存在する色素と、
(iii)電子移動剤と、
(iv)(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素と、
(v)補助因子と、
を含む試薬混合物と接触させるステップ、
b)前記色素の還元状態の生成を測定することにより、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸を検出するステップ
を含む。
同方法は、
a)サンプルを、
(i)溶媒と、
(ii)酸化状態及び前記酸化状態と区別可能である還元状態を有し、当初は酸化状態で存在する色素と、
(iii)電子移動剤と、
(iv)(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素と、
(v)補助因子と、
を含む試薬混合物と接触させるステップ、
b)前記色素の還元状態の生成を測定することにより、(D)-2-ヒドロキシアジピン酸を検出するステップ
を含む。
同方法は、
a)前記対象のサンプルを、
(i)溶媒と、
(ii)酸化状態及び前記酸化状態と区別可能である還元状態とを有し、当初は酸化状態で存在する色素と、
(iii)電子移動剤と、
(iv)(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素と、
(v)補助因子と、
を含む試薬混合物と接触させるステップ、
b)前記色素の還元状態の生成を測定することにより、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸を検出し、これにより前記対象の(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸関連疾患を診断及び/又はモニタリングするステップを含む。
同法は、
a)前記対象のサンプルを、
(i)溶媒と、
(ii)酸化状態及び前記酸化状態と区別可能である還元状態を有し、当初は酸化状態で存在する色素と、
(iii)電子移動剤と、
(iv)(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素と、
(v)補助因子と、
を含む試薬混合物と接触させるステップ、
b)前記色素の還元状態の生成を測定することにより、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸を検出するステップ
を含み、前記対象のサンプル中の(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸の存在により、前記対象のイソクエン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(IDH)遺伝子及び/又は(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素遺伝子における突然変異が示される。
IDH2では、40アミノ酸のミトコンドリアシグナル配列が存在するので、IDH1における残基(R)100番及び132番のアミノ酸の位置は、IDH2における位置140番及び172番にそれぞれ対応する。生ずるアミノ酸交換を頻度別に並べ替えて、すなわち左側の突然変異が最も高頻度の突然変異を表すように括弧内に示す。
毛様細胞性星状細胞腫: WHOグレードI
星状細胞腫: WHOグレードII
退形成性(悪性)星状細胞腫: WHOグレードIII
神経膠芽腫: WHOグレードIV。
→
(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸(D2HG)+アクセプター ← α-ケトグルタル酸+還元型アクセプター
を触媒する酵素である。
割合(%)は、両配列で同じアミノ酸残基が生じる位置の数を求めて一致した位置の数を得、一致した位置の数を比較対象範囲内の位置の合計数で割り、その結果に100を掛けて配列同一性の割合(%)を得ることにより計算される。好ましくは、配列同一性は、比較/整列配列の全長に渡る。比較のための配列の最適な整列法は、Smith及びWaterman、1981年、Add. APL. Math.第2巻: 482頁のローカルホモロジーアルゴリズム(local homology algorithm)、Needleman及びWunsch、1970年、J. Mol. Biol.第48巻: 443頁のホモロジーアライメントアルゴリズム、Peason及びLipman、1988年、Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. (米国)第85巻: 2444頁の類似性探索法(search for similarity method)、これらのアルゴリズムのコンピュータ式実施法(Wisconsin Genetics Software PackageのGAP、BESTFIT、BLAST、PASTA、及びTFASTA、Genetics Computer Group (GCG)、575 Science Dr.、Madison、WI)、又は目視検査により実施可能である。比較用として2つの配列が同定されたら、それらの最適な整列、従って同一性の程度を決定するのに、GAP及びBESTFITを採用するのが好ましい。好ましくは、ギャップウェイトとして5.00及びギャップウェイト長として0.30のデフォルト値が用いられる。上記で参照した変異体は、対立遺伝子変異体又は任意のその他の種固有のホモログ、パラログ若しくはオルソログであり得る。更に、本明細書で参照する変異体には、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、又は上記した種類の変異体の断片が、これらの断片が上記で参照したような免疫学的及び/又は生物学的必須特性を有する限り含まれる。かかる断片は、例えば(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼの分解産物であり得る。好ましくは、前記断片は、その長さが少なくとも50、60、70、80、90、100、150、200又は300個のアミノ酸残基であり、且つ(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性を有する。更に含まれるものとして、翻訳後修飾、例えばリン酸化反応又はミリスチル化等に起因して異なる変異体が挙げられる。好ましくは、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼは、本明細書で用いる場合、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼの前駆体タンパク質も含む。好ましくは、本明細書で参照する(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼは、原核生物又は哺乳動物の(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼである。ヒト(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼのアミノ酸配列は、アクセッション番号Q8N465(バージョン87)に示されている。ヒト(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素の活性は、Wickenhagen及び共同研究者(J. Inherit. Metab. Dis.、2009年、第32巻: 264〜8頁)により分析されている。より好ましくは、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素は、アシダミノコッカス・フェルメンタンスに由来する、又はこれから派生する(Buckel、1980年、Eur. J. Biochem.、第106巻: 439〜447頁; Sponholzら、1981年, Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung、第172巻: 264〜268頁; Martinsら、FEBS J. 2005年1月;第272巻(1): 269〜81頁)。用語「(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素はアシダミノコッカス・フェルメンタンスに由来する」とは、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素は、アシダミノコッカス・フェルメンタンスの(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素に由来するアミノ酸配列を含む、又はそのアミノ酸配列からなることを意味する。アシダミノコッカス・フェルメンタンス由来の(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼの対応するアミノ酸配列は、例えば、Martinsら、FEBS J. 2005年1月;第272巻(1): 269〜81(図1を参照)に、及びアクセッション番号1XDW_A(バージョン 1XDW_A GI: 62738423; 10.10.2012)に示されている。この公表文献は、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼタンパク質ファミリーのその他のメンバーのアミノ酸配列も提供するが、これを本明細書に参考として援用する。「から派生する」とは、例えば、前記酵素又は前記酵素をコードする遺伝子は、アシダミノコッカス・フェルメンタンスから当初単離され、次に対応する核酸又はアミノ酸配列が更に修飾される、例えば当技術分野において公知の組換え方法により最適化されることを意味する。かかる方法は、例えば、酵素活性等を改善するような部位特異的突然変異であり得る。本明細書に含まれるものとして、本明細書に規定するアシダミノコッカス・フェルメンタンス由来の(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼの変異体も挙げられる。変異体は、好ましくはアシダミノコッカス・フェルメンタンス由来の(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼをコードする特異的核酸配列に、好ましくはストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズする能力を有する核酸配列を含むポリヌクレオチドも含む。このようなストリンジェントな条件は、当業者に公知であり、例えばCurrent Protocols in Molecular Biology、John Wiley & Sons、N.Y.、1989年、6.3.1〜6.3.6に見出すことができる。ストリンジェントなハイブリダイゼーション条件の好ましい例は、約45℃で6×塩化ナトリウム/クエン酸ナトリウム(=SSC)中でのハイブリダイゼーション条件と、その後に50〜65℃の0.2×SSC、0.1% SDS中での1回以上の洗浄ステップが続く。当業者は、これらのハイブリダイゼーション条件は、核酸の種類に応じて、そして例えば有機溶媒が存在する場合に、温度及びバッファー濃度に関して異なることを知っている。例えば、「標準的ハイブリダイゼーション条件」下では、濃度が0.1〜5×SSCの水性バッファー(pH 7.2)において、温度は核酸の種類に応じて42℃〜58℃の間で異なる。上記バッファー中に有機溶媒、例えば50%ホルムアミドが存在する場合には、温度は標準条件下で約42℃である。DNA:DNAハイブリッドのハイブリダイゼーション条件は、好ましくは0.1×SSCで20℃〜45℃、好ましくは30℃〜45℃である。DNA:RNAハイブリッドのハイブリダイゼーション条件は、好ましくは0.1×SSCで30℃〜55℃、好ましくは45℃〜55℃である。上記ハイブリダイゼーション温度は、ホルムアミドが存在しない状態で、例えば長さ約100 bp(=塩基対)及びG + C含有量が50%の核酸について求められる。当業者は、教本、例えば上記教本又は下記教本:Sambrookら、1989年、「Molecular Cloning」、Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; Hames及びHiggins (編)、1985年、「Nucleic Acids Hybridization: A Practical Approach」、IRL Press at Oxford University Press、Oxford; Brown (編)、1991年、「Essential Molecular Biology: A Practical Approach」、IRL Press at Oxford University Press、Oxfordを参考にしながら、必要とされるハイブリダイゼーション条件を決定する方法を知っている。当業者にとって明白なように、異なる微生物に由来する(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素又は基質としてD2HGを用いるその他の酵素も、これらが適する読み出し、例えばNADH又はNADPHの生成又は変換等を生成可能である限り、本発明の方法で利用可能である。あるいは、前記酵素は、かかる読み出しを生成可能な別の酵素と連結可能である。
この点において、Hastingsら、1966年による公表文献を参照すること。アルデヒドは、反応に必須ではないが、発光に顕著な効果を有する。FMNは、Pt又はPd触媒を用いて分子水素により又は亜ジチオン酸塩を用いた処理により還元され得るが、FMNH2は空気により急速に酸化されるので、NADHの利用がより実行可能な検査法であり、また分析用途でより有用である。細菌ルシフェラーゼが光を生成するように働く機構は、Dr. J. Woodland Hastingsのグループにより研究された。アフィニティークロマトグラフィーを用いたLUの部分的及び迅速な精製について記載した文献では、Watersら(1974年)が、高度に精製されたルシフェラーゼの比活性が1.4×1014量/秒/ミリグラムであることを記載している。Brolinら、1971年は、痕跡量の代謝中間体を対象とする非常に高感度のアッセイ法を開発したが、同法は、細菌ルシフェラーゼを用いた、ピリジンヌクレオチド依存性デヒドロゲナーゼ反応と関係し得る。FMN及びFADのアッセイにおけるその利用については、Chappelle及びPicciolo、1971年も参照すること。ATPのモニタリングにおけるその利用については、Aflalo及びDeLuca、1987年を参照すること。分子生物学及び細胞生物学におけるツールとしてのホタルルシフェラーゼの利用に関するレビューは、Gould及びSubramaniにより1988年に提示されている。当該酵素に関する臨床的応用のレビューは、Krickaにより1988年に示されている。
(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸の測定
(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸を測定する場合、アシダミノコッカス・フェルメンタンスの(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼが用いられてきた。この酵素は、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼを、グルタコン酸から酵素的に形成された、ワイン等の発酵飲料中のD2HGの測定(Buckel、1980年、Eur. J. Biochem.、第106巻: 439〜447頁; Sponholzら、1981年、Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung、第172巻: 264〜268頁)で用いたBuckel (Buckel、1980年、Eur. J. Biochem.、第106巻: 439〜447頁)により元々は記載されている。(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼは、α-ケトグルタル酸から(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸へのNADH依存性の還元を触媒する(図1Aを参照)。しかし、前記酵素は、反対方向の反応でも利用可能である。酵素が活性である中性のpHでは、反応の平衡はD2HG生成側にある。従って、D2HG測定用として前記酵素を用いる場合、反応は、D2HGがほんの数パーセントだけα-ケトグルタル酸に変換された後に平衡に達する。完全に変換せしめるように、形成されたNADHはPMS/XTT又はジアホラーゼ/レザズリンにより不可逆的に再度酸化され、その結果、色のついたホルマザン又は蛍光レゾルフィンをそれぞれ生成する。
共役反応において、テトラゾリウム塩XXT (2,3-ビス(2-メトキシ-4-ニトロ-5-スルホフェニル)-2H-テトラゾリウム-5-カルボキシアニリド二ナトリウム塩)が、PMSと連携して還元され、これにより450nmの波長で検出可能なオレンジ色の水溶性ホルマザンが生成する(図1Cを参照)。
b)ジアホラーゼ/レザズリンアッセイ法
共役反応において、ジアホラーゼは、レザズリンを540nmで励起可能な蛍光レゾルフィンに還元するためにNADHを使用する。発光は600nmで測定される(図1Dを参照)。
(D)-2-ヒドロキシアジピン酸の測定
(D)-2-ヒドロキシアジピン酸を測定する場合、再度、アシダミノコッカス・フェルメンタンスの(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼが用いられている(Buckel、前掲)。(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼは、α-ケトグルタル酸から(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸へのNADH-依存性の還元のみを触媒するわけではない(図1Aを参照)。同酵素は、アフィニティーが低いながらも、α-ケトアジピン酸から(D)-2-ヒドロキシアジピン酸へのNADH-依存性の還元も触媒する(図1Bを参照)。しかし、前記酵素は、反対方向の反応でも利用可能である。酵素が活性である中性のpHでは、反応の平衡は、(D)-2-ヒドロキシアジピン酸生成の側にある。従って、(D)-2-ヒドロキシアジピン酸測定用として前記酵素を用いる場合、反応は、(D)-2-ヒドロキシアジピン酸がほんの数パーセントだけα-ケトアジピン酸に変換された後に平衡に達する。完全に変換せしめるように、形成したNADHはPMS/XTT又はジアホラーゼ/レザズリンにより不可逆的に再度酸化され、その結果色のついたホルマザン又は蛍光レゾルフィンをそれぞれ生成する。
Claims (15)
- a)サンプルを、
(i)溶媒と、
(ii)酸化状態及び前記酸化状態と区別可能である還元状態を有し、当初は酸化状態で存在する色素と、
(iii)電子移動剤と、
(iv)(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素と、
(v)補助因子と、
を含む試薬混合物と接触させるステップ、
b)前記色素の還元状態の生成を測定することにより、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸又は(D)-2-ヒドロキシアジピン酸を検出するステップ
を含む、サンプル中の(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸又は(D)-2-ヒドロキシアジピン酸を検出する方法。 - a)対象のサンプルを、
(i)溶媒と、
(ii)酸化状態及び前記酸化状態と区別可能である還元状態を有し、当初は酸化状態で存在する色素と、
(iii)電子移動剤と、
(iv)(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素と、
(v)補助因子と、
を含む試薬混合物と接触させるステップ、
b)前記色素の還元状態の生成を測定することにより、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸を検出し、これにより前記対象の(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸関連疾患を診断及び/又はモニタリングするステップ
を含む、対象の(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸関連疾患を診断及び/又はモニタリングする方法。 - 前記(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸関連疾患が、びまん性神経膠腫、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)、軟骨肉腫、胆管癌及び甲状腺癌からなる群より選択される腫瘍性疾患である、又は前記(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸関連疾患が、グルタル酸尿症である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記びまん性神経膠腫が、星状細胞腫WHOグレードII(AII)、星状細胞腫WHOグレードIII(AIII)、希突起膠腫WHOグレードII(OII)、希突起膠腫WHOグレードIII(OIII)、乏突起星細胞腫WHOグレードII(OAII)、乏突起星細胞腫WHOグレードIII(OAIII)又は続発性神経膠芽腫である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- a)対象のサンプルを、
(i)溶媒と、
(ii)酸化状態及び前記酸化状態と区別可能である還元状態を有し、当初は酸化状態で存在する色素と、
(iii)電子移動剤と、
(iv)(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素と、
(v)補助因子と、
を含む試薬混合物と接触させるステップ、
b)前記色素の還元状態の生成を測定することにより、(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸を検出するステップ
を含み、
前記対象のサンプル中の(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸の存在により、前記対象のイソクエン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(IDH)遺伝子又は(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子内の突然変異が示される、
対象のイソクエン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(IDH)遺伝子又は(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸(D2HG)デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子内の突然変異を診断する方法。 - イソクエン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(IDH)遺伝子内の突然変異が、IDH1遺伝子又はIDH2遺伝子内の突然変異である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- ステップa)において、前記色素の還元状態が、前記色素の酸化状態と蛍光定量法により区別可能であり、
ステップb)において、前記色素の還元状態の生成が、蛍光分光法により測定される、請求項1、2又は5のいずれかに記載の方法。 - ステップa)において、前記色素の還元状態が、前記色素の酸化状態と比色分析法により区別可能であり、
ステップb)において、前記色素の還元状態の生成が、可視分光法により測定される、請求項1、2又は5のいずれかに記載の方法。 - ステップa)において、前記色素が、レザズリン、又はテトラゾリウム塩、好ましくはXTT(2,3-ビス-(2-メトキシ-4-ニトロ-5-スルホフェニル)-2H-テトラゾリウム-5-カルボキシアニリド二ナトリウム塩)である、請求項1、2又は5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- ステップa)において、前記電子移動剤が、ジアホラーゼ又はPMS(N-メチルジベンゾピラジンメチルスルフェート)又はメルドラブルーである、請求項1、2又は5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- ステップa)において、前記補助因子が、NAD+又はNADP+である、請求項1、2又は5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- ステップa)において、前記酵素が、哺乳動物又は原核生物の(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼが、アシダミノコッカス・フェルメンタンスに由来する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記サンプルが、組織、組織切片、生検材料、細胞、細胞ライセート、血液サンプル、血清サンプル、血漿サンプル又は尿サンプルである、請求項1、2又は5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- (i)溶媒と、
(ii)酸化状態及び前記酸化状態と区別可能である還元状態を有し、当初は酸化状態で存在する色素と、
(iii)電子移動剤と、
(D)-2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素と、
補助因子と
を含むキット。
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PL2448582T3 (pl) | 2009-06-29 | 2017-09-29 | Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pochodne chinolino-8-sulfonamidowe mające działanie przeciwnowotworowe |
EP2491145B1 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2016-03-09 | Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods and compositions for cell-proliferation-related disorders |
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AU2013331626B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2018-08-02 | Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Therapeutic compounds and compositions |
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US20160354334A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2016-12-08 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Compositions and Methods for Treating Aging and Age-Related Diseases and Symptoms |
AU2015229214B2 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2019-07-11 | Les Laboratoires Servier | Pharmaceutical compositions of therapeutically active compounds |
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EP2820145B1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
US9487815B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 |
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US20150044716A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
CN104145022B (zh) | 2017-07-11 |
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EP2634259A1 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
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