JP2015216379A - ナノワイヤ構造を製造する方法 - Google Patents
ナノワイヤ構造を製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015216379A JP2015216379A JP2015104047A JP2015104047A JP2015216379A JP 2015216379 A JP2015216379 A JP 2015216379A JP 2015104047 A JP2015104047 A JP 2015104047A JP 2015104047 A JP2015104047 A JP 2015104047A JP 2015216379 A JP2015216379 A JP 2015216379A
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- nanowires
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Abstract
【解決手段】ナノワイヤ1を用意する工程と、ナノワイヤ1の集団に電界Eを印加する工程とを備え、ナノワイヤ1の電気双極子モーメントがナノワイヤ1を電界Eに沿って整列させる。供給及び整列させる工程中、ナノワイヤ1を流体中に分散させる。整列時、ナノワイヤ1を固定することができ、基板2上に堆積させることができる。電界Eは、堆積に利用することができる。ナノワイヤ1に導入されたpn接合又は他の正味電荷は、整列及び堆積工程をアシストすることができる。実質的に任意の基板材料への例えばロールツーロールプロセスの連続加工に適しており、粒子アシスト成長に適した基板に限定されない。
【選択図】図1
Description
MOCVDシステムは複雑な真空システムであり、装置の製造コストに著しく寄与すること、
成長はバッチで行われ、個々のバッチ間で固有の変動を伴うこと、
大面積にわたる多数のナノワイヤの成長は、同じバッチのナノワイヤ間の変動を引き起こすこと、
ナノワイヤは基板上で成長され、これは400〜700℃の温度に耐えることを必要とすること、
ナノワイヤを、半導体基板上で垂直方向、又は任意の他の方向に整列させることは、制御されたエピタキシャル成長を必要とすることである。
とが目的である。
なるであろう。
て整列させるステップとを備える。
a.単極ナノワイヤに関して、ナノワイヤは電界に沿って、しかし種粒子の端に関して好適ではない方向に配向される。
b.ドーピングにおいて軸勾配を有する単極ドープされたナノワイヤは、より高くp(n)ドープされた端はより容易に正に(負に)荷電され、この端を電界中で上向き(下向き)に向けるため、優先的に配向される。
a.電界に曝露されると、pドープされた端は正に荷電し、nドープされた端は負に荷電し、したがって、ナノワイヤは、pドープされた端が電界の方向を指す明確な方向に配向される。
b.同じ効果が、ショットキダイオードがワイヤとその種粒子との間に形成される単極ドープされたナノワイヤに適用される。
a.(誘導された)双極子による整列エネルギー(Ed)は、第1の程度まで電界に比例し、
b.Edは、ワイヤ直径の2乗に比例するが、その長さには依存せず、
c.ワイヤ材料の分極による整列エネルギー(Ep)は、電界の2乗に比例し、
d.Epは、ワイヤのアスペクト比(直径で割った長さ)の3乗に比例する。
な拡散は、
a.シースフロー(sheath flow)を導入し、片側の堆積を防ぐことができ、
b.逆に配列されたワイヤの堆積のため、基板をナノワイヤの両側に配置することができ、
c.平板をより近くに動かすことによって、又は、ナノワイヤを含む流体の流れに狭窄を設計することによって、電極間の距離をワイヤ長より短くすることができ、ワイヤを強制的に基板に接触させることができる。
a.より長くより細いワイヤは、電界勾配によるより強い力を受け、より高い電界を有する領域に向かってより高速に移動する。
b.電気的分極率は、異なった材料ごとに異なっている。
c.荷電ワイヤに関して、勾配力は、荷電による力と釣り合わせることができ、サイズ及び材料依存の分類のさらなる制御を可能にする。
ナノワイヤの変化する配向とを発生させることができる。
1.実質的に平坦な任意の絶縁性、半導体性、又は金属の基板上に堆積させることができ、
2.好適にはロールツーロールプロセスで、基板を、印刷機と非常に類似して、堆積の点、縞又は領域を通過させ、網、箔、又は薄板の形の基板上に堆積させることができ、
3.コロイド懸濁液のように液体中に分散されたナノワイヤの場合、ワイヤを含む液体を基板に塗布することができ、ワイヤは、
a.液体の乾燥/蒸発中に、
b.液体の凝固/重合中又はその前に、整列され、
4.ナノワイヤの粘着及び/又は電気的接触を高めるためにポリマー、金属、液体、又は他の材料で被覆された基板上に堆積させることができ、又は、
a.ワイヤ端のみが粘着するように粘着材料をきわめて薄くすることができ、
b.粘着材料は、ナノワイヤの長さと同じ程度の厚さを有し、
c.ナノワイヤが液体中に分散している場合、この液体は、基板上に徐々に厚くなるポリマーを形成するモノマーを備えることができ、
5.ナノワイヤの堆積を増大又は局所的に抑制するために、押し出し形状、変化する粘着性、表面電荷などによってパターン化された基板上に堆積させることができ、
6.ナノワイヤが機能を強化又は修正することを目的とする機能性基板上に堆積させることができ、
7.基板の裏面に構成された電極によって、又は、(導電性)基板それ自体の構造によって与えられる点、縞などの複雑な機能的パターンに堆積させることができ、
a.ナノワイヤの極性/方向は、例えば、縞又はチェッカー盤パターンで変化してもよく、
b.ナノワイヤは、様々な種類のものであり、波長選択的な方法で電気双極子を導入することによって分類され、
8.基板の両側に堆積させることができ、どちらの側のワイヤも様々な種類のものであってもよく、上述した手段のいずれかを含む様々な手段によって堆積させることができ、
9.連続プロセスで堆積させることができ、接触又は粘着層、絶縁性酸化物又はポリマーなどは、基板上に、ナノワイヤの上流又は下流に堆積される。
1.代表的な材料は、III−V又はIII−N半導体(GaAs、InP、GaSb、GaInN及び関係する合金)、シリコン、ゲルマニウム、又は、II−VI半導体(ZnO、ZnS、CdS、CdSe及び関係する合金)である、例えば、MOCVD成長法、液体溶液化学、気相成長法によって製造された50〜500nmの直径及び1〜10μmの長さを有する半導体ナノワイヤ、
2.磁性、超電導性、又は通常の金属で作ることができる、例えば、陽極酸化処理されたアルミニウムテンプレートでの電着、ひげ結晶成長法、気相成長によって製造された金属ナノワイヤ、
3.製造された又は天然の、絶縁性、高バンドギャップ半導体、又は高TC超電導体ナノワイヤ、
4.カーボンナノチューブ、又は、
5.生物学的なナノファイバ、例えば、セルロース、たんぱく質、高分子、及び細菌を含むが、これらに限定されない。
から構成されている、バッテリ。小さい直径のナノワイヤは、それらをひずみに対して鈍感にし、したがって、バッテリサイクル中の体積変化に伴う直径の変化に対して鈍感にする。
Claims (18)
- ナノワイヤ構造の製造中に基板上でナノワイヤを整列させる方法であって、
ナノワイヤ(1)の集団を用意する工程と、
前記ナノワイヤ(1)の集団に電界(E)を印加し、これによりナノワイヤ中の電気双極子をこれらのナノワイヤを前記電界(E)に沿って整列させる工程とを備える方法において、
前記ナノワイヤ(1)の少なくとも1つの部分集団の各ナノワイヤが、
i)前記電気双極子がpn接合のn側からp側に形成されるpn接合、
ii)前記電気双極子がショットキダイオードのn側からp側に形成されるショットキダイオード、及び
iii)内在する圧電場による電荷分離によって前記電気双極子が形成される圧電部分のうちの1つを備え、各ワイヤの正に荷電した端が、前記電界(E)の方向に力を受けることを特徴とする、方法。 - 前記電界(E)が、正電荷又は負電荷を前記ナノワイヤ(1)の両端に向かって分離することによって、前記ナノワイヤ(1)に電気双極子を誘導させ、前記ナノワイヤ(1)に沿って形成される電気双極子モーメントに寄与する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノワイヤ(1)の少なくとも1つの部分集団に所定の波長領域の光を照射する工程をさらに備え、前記ナノワイヤの電気双極子モーメントの形成に寄与する、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノワイヤ(1)の集団がナノワイヤの複数の部分集団を備え、各々の部分集団のナノワイヤが異なったバンドギャップを有し、前記方法が、異なったバンドギャップを有するナノワイヤを選択的に整列させるために前記ナノワイヤの集団に異なった波長領域の光を選択的に照射する工程をさらに備える、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノワイヤが流体中に分散して供給される、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノワイヤ(1)を整列された位置に固定する工程をさらに備える、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノワイヤ(1)を基板(2)上に堆積させる工程をさらに備える、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ナノワイヤの少なくとも1つの部分集団の各ナノワイヤが正味電荷を有し、前記電界(E)が正味電荷を有する前記ナノワイヤに力を及ぼし、それによって、正味電荷を有する前記ナノワイヤが前記基板(2)に向かって移動し、前記基板(2)上に堆積する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノワイヤの少なくとも1つの部分集団の各ナノワイヤが荷電されておらず、前記電界(E)が前記電気双極子により前記非荷電ナノワイヤに力を及ぼし、それによって、前記非荷電ナノワイヤが前記基板(2)に向かって移動し、前記基板(2)上に堆積する、請求項7又は8に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノワイヤの少なくとも1つの部分集団の各ナノワイヤが荷電されておらず、前記荷電されていないナノワイヤが拡散によって前記基板(2)に向かって移動し、前記基板(2)上に堆積する、請求項7から9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板が粘着層を備える、請求項7から10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノワイヤが連続プロセスで堆積される、請求項7から10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノワイヤの集団がロールツーロールプロセス(roll-to-roll process)で前記基板(2)に沿って所定の構成で繰り返し供給され堆積される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノワイヤ間の空間を満たすように絶縁性ポリマーを堆積する工程をさらに備える、請求項7から13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記基板(2)に対向する前記整列されたナノワイヤの一方の端に電気的に接続する電極材料を堆積する工程をさらに備える、請求項7から14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記電界が、前記ナノワイヤの集団の両側に配置された第1電極及び第2電極によって印加され、前記電極の少なくとも1つがテクスチャ加工されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノワイヤが、電界勾配を受け、それによって、より長くより細いワイヤが前記電界勾配によるより強い力を受け、したがってより高い電界を有する領域に向かってより速く移動する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- サイズ及び/又は材料によってナノワイヤを分類する装置であって、電界勾配を供給する手段と、荷電又は非荷電ナノワイヤの流れを前記電界勾配に通過させる手段とを備え、それによって、より長くより細くより分極化可能なワイヤがより高い電界に向かうより強い引力を受け、したがって分類することができる、装置。
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JP5753192B2 (ja) | 2015-07-22 |
EP2516323A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
EP2516323A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
CN105347297B (zh) | 2018-01-09 |
US9954060B2 (en) | 2018-04-24 |
KR20120130751A (ko) | 2012-12-03 |
CN105347297A (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
CN102770367B (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
US9305766B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 |
JP2013515370A (ja) | 2013-05-02 |
CN102770367A (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
WO2011078780A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
KR101914651B1 (ko) | 2018-11-05 |
US20130203242A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
US20160268374A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
JP6383702B2 (ja) | 2018-08-29 |
EP2516323B1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
HK1178507A1 (zh) | 2013-09-13 |
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